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A Review of Rituals and Local Wisdom of Indigenous Peoples in Indonesia 回顾印尼原住民的仪式与地方智慧
Pub Date : 2022-10-24 DOI: 10.24090/ibda.v20i2.6439
Sulkhan Chakim
This study aims to map publication trends about the rituals, and local wisdom of indigenous peoples in Indonesia published at the international level, can provide benefits for researchers about traditions and local wisdom, is 1) mapping specifications of research developments, 2) revealing research collaborations and publications at the global level. The method used in this study is a bibliometric method that can provide guidelines for citation analysis, co-citation, coupling bibliometric, and shared word analysis. This bibliometric method has completed the meta-analysis and review of the constructed literature to explore and evaluate the scientific publications that researchers have carried out. The results showed that investigations related to indigenous peoples' rituals and local wisdom were demonstrated by 48 events, six items and 12 links, 3 clusters, including cluster 1 consisting of human, Indonesian and local wisdom. Cluster 2 consists of ecotourism and sustainability. Cluster 3 includes a questionnaire survey, widely published by the database scopus.com from 2012 to 2022. Mapping done through bibliometrics shows that research trends related to human keyword terms have been widely developed and published over the past ten years.
这项研究的目的是绘制国际上发表的关于印度尼西亚土著人民仪式和地方智慧的出版物趋势,可以为研究人员提供关于传统和地方智慧的好处,1)绘制研究发展的规范,2)揭示全球层面的研究合作和出版物。本研究采用文献计量学方法,可以为引文分析、共被引分析、耦合文献计量学和共享词分析提供指导。这种文献计量学方法完成了对构建文献的meta分析和综述,以探索和评价研究者所进行的科学出版物。结果表明,与土著民族仪式和地方智慧相关的调查由48个事件、6个项目、12个环节、3个集群来展示,其中集群1由人类、印度尼西亚和地方智慧组成。集群2包括生态旅游和可持续发展。聚类3包括一份问卷调查,由数据库scopus.com从2012年到2022年广泛发布。通过文献计量学绘制的地图显示,在过去十年中,与人类关键字相关的研究趋势得到了广泛的发展和发表。
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引用次数: 1
Dialectics of Religion and Culture 《宗教与文化辩证法》
Pub Date : 2022-10-24 DOI: 10.24090/ibda.v20i2.6476
Lalu Muhammad Ridho Firmansyah, Faizal Efendi
This article explains about the religion as the guidance for the people who live in this world that has cultural value in themselves. The human has the culture as creatures, ethics and feelings in conducting the interaction with the God, the other people, and with the nature. Religion and culture have been united in social-religion life in Indonesia. This study ahs purpose to describe the dialectical relation between Islam and local culture in Sasak ethnic that exist in Lombok island by using strategy approach socio-anthropology. This study will elaborate on dialectical Islam and culture and the practicality of religion and culture as the contextual  that based on the customs as the effort as maintenance the great value to align the religion life moderatly based on the value of faith that has been as the mutual agreement.
本文阐述了宗教对生活在这个世界上的人的指导作用,宗教本身就具有文化价值。人在与上帝、与他人、与自然的互动中,具有生物文化、伦理文化和情感文化。在印尼的社会宗教生活中,宗教和文化是统一的。本研究旨在运用社会人类学的策略方法来描述龙目岛萨萨克族伊斯兰教与当地文化的辩证关系。本研究将阐述伊斯兰教与文化的辩证关系,以及宗教与文化作为语境的实践性,以习俗为基础,以努力为维护,以信仰价值为基础,以相互认同为基础,适度调整宗教生活的伟大价值。
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引用次数: 1
Between Western Philosophy and Islamic Philosophy 在西方哲学和伊斯兰哲学之间
Pub Date : 2022-10-24 DOI: 10.24090/ibda.v20i2.6362
Amril Amril, Fuad Mahbub Siraj, Endrika Widdia Putri
This study wants to analyze the common points and the points of difference between Western and Islamic philosophy. This is qualitative research using the exploratory-analytical method. This study finds that Western and Islamic philosophy has contributed to each other. The common point between Western and Islamic Philosophy lies in transmitting the truth. Meanwhile, we can see the point of difference in three aspects. First is the source of knowledge. Western philosophy comes from reason and the five senses, while Islamic philosophy is not only that but also from authority (al-Quran and al-Sunnah). Second, the characteristics of knowledge. Characteristics of knowledge in Western philosophy, namely, skeptical, rational-empirical, dichotomous, and positivistic-objective; while in Islamic Philosophy, namely, Qur'anic, harmonization of reason and revelation, theocentric, and value point of view. The third is the truth value of knowledge. The truth value of knowledge in Western philosophy is relative, while Islamic philosophies are absolute and some are relative.
本研究旨在分析西方哲学与伊斯兰哲学的共同点和不同点。这是一项采用探索性分析方法的定性研究。研究发现,西方哲学和伊斯兰哲学是相互促进的。西方哲学与伊斯兰哲学的共同点在于传递真理。同时,我们可以看到三个方面的不同点。首先是知识的来源。西方哲学来自理性和五官,而伊斯兰哲学不仅如此,还来自权威(《古兰经》和《圣训》)。第二,知识的特点。西方哲学的知识特征:怀疑论、理性-经验、二分法和实证-客观而在伊斯兰哲学中,即古兰经,理性与启示的和谐,以神为中心,价值观。三是知识的真理性价值。西方哲学中知识的真理价值是相对的,而伊斯兰哲学是绝对的,有些是相对的。
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引用次数: 0
The Concept of Ukhuwah Wathoniah in the 12 Gurindam Poems by Raja Ali Haji 拉贾·阿里·哈吉《古林达姆12首诗》中Ukhuwah Wathoniah的概念
Pub Date : 2022-07-06 DOI: 10.24090/ibda.v20i1.6668
Mhd Halkis, B. Sudardi
This study explains the values of ukhuwah wathoniah in the poem Gurindam 12 by Raja Ali Haji. Researchers used a literature review method with three steps. First the exploration of Malay cultural texts related to ukhuwah wathoniah, and data collection through the internet, libraries, and scientific dialogues with experts. The second, uncover the meanings of the essential phrases found in Gurindam 12. The third, constructs the values found. The study's results found that the values of ukhuwah wathoniah in Gurindam 12 contain fundamental values, practical operational values, and reflective meta-values. The fundamental values in building ukhuwah wathoniah are; knowledge, nobility, language, the goal is happiness and glory. In practical operational values, one can understand textual and contextual issues, issues of humanity and unity, and issues of justice and welfare. The Meta-Reflective Approach Gurindam 12 values can be reflected in building nationalism in the era of Industry 4.0. In conclusion, the values of ukhuwah wathoniah are relevant to understanding the phenomenon of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia as a country. This originated from a sense of togetherness of nations in the post-colonial archipelago of the Dutch East Indies and continues to grow to achieve common goals. Cultural works reflect the creativity of generations in their time. Thus, Raja Ali Haji's Gurindam 12 complements the Language Manual, which was used as a guide in the Sumpah Pemuda (Youth Oath) of October 28, 1928, to promote Malay as the national language of Indonesia. The rise and fall of Indonesia-Malaysia relations can be understood in the context of ukhuwah wathoniah and ukhuwah Islamiah.
本研究解释了Raja Ali Haji的诗Gurindam 12中ukhuwah wathoniah的价值。研究人员采用了分三步的文献回顾法。首先,探索与ukhuwah wathoniah相关的马来文化文本,并通过互联网、图书馆和与专家的科学对话收集数据。第二,揭示Gurindam 12中基本短语的含义。第三,构造找到的值。研究结果发现,Gurindam 12的ukhuwah wathoniah价值观包含基本价值观、实际操作价值观和反思元价值观。建立ukhuwah wathoniah的基本价值观是;知识,高贵,语言,目标是幸福和荣耀。在实际操作价值中,人们可以理解文本和语境问题,人性和团结问题,正义和福利问题。Gurindam 12价值观可以在工业4.0时代的民族主义建设中得到体现。总之,ukhuwah wathoniah的价值与理解印度尼西亚共和国作为一个国家的统一国家的现象有关。这源于后殖民时期荷属东印度群岛各国的团结意识,并继续发展以实现共同目标。文化作品反映了一代人在他们的时代的创造力。因此,Raja Ali Haji的Gurindam 12补充了语言手册,该手册被用作1928年10月28日的Sumpah Pemuda(青年誓言)的指南,以促进马来语成为印度尼西亚的国家语言。印尼和马来西亚关系的兴衰可以在“乌胡瓦瓦通尼亚”和“乌胡瓦伊斯兰”的背景下理解。
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引用次数: 1
The Perlon Unggahan Ritual: Understanding Gender Equality in the Blangkon Islamic Community (Study in Pakuncen Village, Jatilawang District, Banyumas Regency) Perlon Unggahan仪式:了解Blangkon伊斯兰社区的性别平等(在Banyumas reggency Jatilawang区Pakuncen村的研究)
Pub Date : 2022-06-29 DOI: 10.24090/ibda.v20i1.5522
Qembig Al Gezon, Aulia Fauziah Aldi, Nabilla Poetri Andini
This research aims to describe the division of the roles of men and women in the ritual procession of the Perlon unggahan of the Blangkhon Islamic community, and to describe the meaning of the division of the roles of men and women in the ritual of the Perlon unggahan of the Blanghon Islamic community. This research uses a qualitative method. Data collection methods were carried out by means of in-depth inter- views, observation, documentation studies, and literature studies. The results of the study show that one of the main values in the ritual of the Perlon unggahan is respect for women, that women are representatives of God because humans are born in the world through female intermedi- aries. This main value shows the existence of gender equality in the ritual of the Perlon unggahan where male followers do not dominate and women are not considered subordinated, because there are unique roles that can- not be performed by men such as women being allowed to purify them- selves and come to Kyai Bonoheling’s grave first, in the past while the men were in charge of coohing. In addition, men and women are treated equally, namely walhing barefoot carrying produce of the earth from the Cilacap Regency area to Pehuncen Village, Banyumas Regency. Both men and women are given the freedom to follow the ritual according to their wishes, without any coercion and social sanctions.
本研究旨在描述布兰洪伊斯兰社区Perlon unggahan仪式游行中男女角色的划分,并描述布兰洪伊斯兰社区Perlon unggahan仪式中男女角色划分的意义。本研究采用定性方法。资料收集方法采用深入访谈、观察、文献研究、文献研究等方法。研究结果表明,Perlon unggahan仪式的主要价值观之一是尊重女性,女性是上帝的代表,因为人类是通过女性中介出生在这个世界上的。这一主要价值表明了Perlon unggahan仪式中性别平等的存在,男性追随者不占主导地位,女性也不被认为是从属的,因为有一些独特的角色是男性不能扮演的,比如女性被允许净化自己,首先来到Kyai Bonoheling的坟墓前,而在过去,男性负责跳舞。此外,男女待遇平等,即赤脚走路,从Cilacap摄政地区拎着土产到Banyumas摄政的pehuncenen村。男人和女人都有按照自己的意愿进行仪式的自由,没有任何强迫和社会制裁。
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引用次数: 0
The Existence of Barzanji in The Modern Civilization as a Local Islamic Tradition in Bugis Land in the Frame of Postmodrnisme 后现代主义框架下《现代文明》中巴尔赞吉作为布吉地伊斯兰地方传统的存在
Pub Date : 2022-06-29 DOI: 10.24090/ibda.v20i1.6302
F. Fatimah, Winona Lutfiah
The tension between Islam and locality is an endless discussion. This cannot be separated from the classification of Islamologists. This classification creates a stereotype that Islam developing in Indonesia is considered an impure periphery of Islam. In addition, the threat to local Islamic traditions caused by the globalization development needs atten- tion because it threatens the existing diversity. This research is classified as qualitative.The data areobtained by the literature study method from written materials such as manuscripts, boohs, magazines, newspapers, and other documents. The data processing techniques arequoting, re- ducing data so that there is no overlapping data, classifying data, identi- fying data by re-cheching, and using the truly valid and relevant data. The results show that the existence of local Bugis culture, barzanji, still becomes a sacred ritual and a custom in the globalization development, so people who do not carry out the barzanji ritual in a traditional cer- emony are considered as violating customs. Barzanji persists in the glo- balization development because it is included in traditional rituals and has become a culture. Thus, the values of religious teachings will still exist if they are preached using cultural means. Besides, the existence of culture is also increasingly maintained because it is bound by religious values.
伊斯兰教和地方之间的紧张关系是一个无休止的讨论。这不能与伊斯兰学家的分类分开。这种分类造成了一种刻板印象,即在印度尼西亚发展的伊斯兰教被认为是伊斯兰教的不纯粹边缘。此外,全球化发展对地方伊斯兰传统的威胁也值得关注,因为它威胁到现有的多样性。这项研究属于定性研究。数据通过文献研究法从手稿、书籍、杂志、报纸和其他文件等书面材料中获得。数据处理技术包括引用数据、减少数据重叠、分类数据、重复检查识别数据、使用真正有效和相关的数据。研究结果表明,布吉族本土文化巴尔扎吉的存在在全球化发展中仍然成为一种神圣的仪式和习俗,因此在传统仪式中不进行巴尔扎吉仪式的人被认为是违反习俗的。巴尔赞吉之所以能坚持全球化的发展,是因为它被纳入了传统的仪式之中,成为一种文化。因此,宗教教义的价值如果用文化手段来传播,就仍然存在。此外,文化的存在也因为受到宗教价值观的束缚而越来越得到维持。
{"title":"The Existence of Barzanji in The Modern Civilization as a Local Islamic Tradition in Bugis Land in the Frame of Postmodrnisme","authors":"F. Fatimah, Winona Lutfiah","doi":"10.24090/ibda.v20i1.6302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24090/ibda.v20i1.6302","url":null,"abstract":"The tension between Islam and locality is an endless discussion. This cannot be separated from the classification of Islamologists. This classification creates a stereotype that Islam developing in Indonesia is considered an impure periphery of Islam. In addition, the threat to local Islamic traditions caused by the globalization development needs atten- tion because it threatens the existing diversity. This research is classified as qualitative.The data areobtained by the literature study method from written materials such as manuscripts, boohs, magazines, newspapers, and other documents. The data processing techniques arequoting, re- ducing data so that there is no overlapping data, classifying data, identi- fying data by re-cheching, and using the truly valid and relevant data. The results show that the existence of local Bugis culture, barzanji, still becomes a sacred ritual and a custom in the globalization development, so people who do not carry out the barzanji ritual in a traditional cer- emony are considered as violating customs. Barzanji persists in the glo- balization development because it is included in traditional rituals and has become a culture. Thus, the values of religious teachings will still exist if they are preached using cultural means. Besides, the existence of culture is also increasingly maintained because it is bound by religious values.","PeriodicalId":277667,"journal":{"name":"IBDA` : Jurnal Kajian Islam dan Budaya","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125288769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Treasures of Integral Medicine Between Islam and Local Bugis Bone Medicine in the Lontara Manuscript 隆塔拉手抄本中伊斯兰教与当地布吉士骨医学结合的医学瑰宝
Pub Date : 2022-06-29 DOI: 10.24090/ibda.v20i1.6326
Ruslan Sangaji, Nirwana Rasyid
This study aims to determine the Islamic medicine dimension which is integrated with the local medicine. The dimensions are impor- tant to hnow because they are parts of the human health sciences that are useful for the present. The data come from the lontara manuscriptof Inhoud Lontara’ No. 125 which contains 23 types of diseases and their treatment. This study uses a philological and anthropological approach. The findings illustrate that there are two medicine dimensions. Those are the medicine dimensions through gau-gauheng, and the medicine dimensions related to taneng-taneng pabbura. However, hnowledge of local medicine related to gau-gauheng is more lihely to be integrated with Islamic medicine. The term gau-gauheng refers to the meaning of “certain treatments”. Meanwhile, the term taneng-taneng pabbura refers to the meaning of “plants containing medical elements”. The integration of Islamic culture in the local Bugis culture is strongly influenced by the Islamization process in Bone. The identity of each culture continues to transform so cultural acculturation occurs. Thus, the integration of medical science shows the efforts of the Bugis people in Bone to treat and main- tain human health. The two concepts have complemented each other and have gone hand in hand for a long time before health and medical science progressed and developed today. Various information in the Bugis lontara manuscripthas carried the basics of natural care and treatment and has contributed to the realization of human health.
本研究旨在确定与当地医学相结合的伊斯兰医学维度。了解这些方面很重要,因为它们是人类健康科学的一部分,对目前很有用。数据来自Inhoud lontara第125期的lontara手稿,其中包含23种疾病及其治疗方法。本研究采用了语言学和人类学的方法。研究结果表明,存在两个医学维度。这些是通过高-高恒得到的医学维度,以及与高-高能pabbura相关的医学维度。然而,与gau- gaheng相关的地方医学知识更有可能与伊斯兰医学相结合。gau-gauheng这个词指的是“某些处理”的意思。同时,“丹能”一词指的是“含有药用成分的植物”。伊斯兰文化在当地布吉族文化中的融合受到Bone地区伊斯兰化进程的强烈影响。每一种文化的身份都在不断变化,因此文化适应就发生了。因此,医学科学的整合显示了布吉斯人在骨治疗和维护人类健康的努力。这两个概念相辅相成,在今天的卫生和医学进步和发展之前就已经齐头并进了很长时间。Bugis lontara手稿中的各种信息包含了自然护理和治疗的基本知识,有助于实现人类健康。
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引用次数: 0
Tradition of Besan Bali Marriage in the Muslim Community of Banjarnegara 班加内加拉穆斯林社区的贝桑巴利婚姻传统
Pub Date : 2022-06-06 DOI: 10.24090/ibda.v20i1.6353
H. Hariyanto
This article examines how the Besan Bali marriage tradition in the Muslim community of Banjarnegara and an overview of Islamic law. This type of research is a field research, using qualitative methods with a qualitative descriptive approach. The interview method was used to obtain direct data from the informants. The types of data are primary and secondary data. The results of this study show that the Besan Bali marriage tradition is a tradition of prohibition in marriages that occur between two brothers (besan) that someone who wants to hold a marriage is hindered if the-bride-to-be comes from the Besan family where previously her brother was married to her groom-to-be’s family and vice versa. If it is reviewed based on Islamic law, the prohibition of Besan Bali marriage is actually not in accordance with Islamic teachings, because the reason for the prohibition of Besan Bali marriage is not in accordance with Islamic teachings.
这篇文章探讨了Besan Bali婚姻传统如何在Banjarnegara的穆斯林社区和伊斯兰法律的概述。这种类型的研究是一种实地研究,使用定性方法和定性描述方法。采用访谈法从举报人处获取直接资料。数据的类型分为主数据和辅助数据。本研究的结果表明,Besan Bali的婚姻传统是一种禁止两兄弟(Besan)之间婚姻的传统,如果准新娘来自Besan家庭,她的兄弟以前嫁给了她的未婚夫的家庭,那么想要结婚的人就会受到阻碍,反之亦然。如果根据伊斯兰教法来审查,禁止Besan Bali婚姻实际上是不符合伊斯兰教教义的,因为禁止Besan Bali婚姻的原因是不符合伊斯兰教教义的。
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引用次数: 1
Local Islam and Javanese Culture Penetration: Muslim Alif Rebo Wage (Aboge) Negotiations in Identity Formation 地方伊斯兰教与爪哇文化渗透:认同形成中的穆斯林阿里夫·雷博·瓦格谈判
Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.24090/ibda.v20i1.6386
Ahmad Muttaqin, Nina Mariani Noor
This article aims to explain the efforts of Aboge Muslims as a group that gains penetration from mainstream culture to negotiate their identity. Aboge (Alif Rebo Wage) is a Muslim group in Java that has a Kejawen Islamic identity. In Banyumas District, Central Java, the Aboge identity was built based on the Penginyongan culture whose position is a subculture of Javanese. Using a critical paradigm with the theoretical approach of genetic structuralism developed by Pierre Bourdieu, this article shows that Aboge identity negotiations are carried out by capitalizing on the Penginyongan culture as a locality that has a strategy in the era of regional and village autonomy. The result of this study reveals that Aboge takes the space left by the Banyumasan community because it is inferior to standard Javanese. This is because Penginyongan culture, which includes language, tradition, and religion, tends to be positioned as marginal, assumed to be deviant, and misrepresented. Standard culture uses the instrument of power that is owned to maintain its dominance through the formation of a stratified structure. This structure is used to distribute other variations at different positions with the epicenter point filled by the standard culture. In the context of language, bandek Javanese (Yogyakarta and Solo) is the standard, outside of which includes the North Coast, East Java, and Banyumasan are dialects. Locality gained momentum during the period of regional and village autonomy which demanded its development to explore and accommodate local culture. Aboge with Penginyongan identity then becomes a manifestation that represents locality.
这篇文章旨在解释阿波热穆斯林作为一个从主流文化中获得渗透的群体,在协商他们的身份时所做的努力。Aboge (Alif Rebo Wage)是爪哇的一个穆斯林组织,拥有Kejawen伊斯兰身份。在中爪哇的Banyumas地区,Aboge身份是建立在作为爪哇亚文化的Penginyongan文化基础上的。本文运用布迪厄(Pierre Bourdieu)的遗传结构主义理论方法和批判范式,揭示了阿波热身份协商是利用彭宁永安文化作为一个在区域和村庄自治时代具有战略意义的地方而进行的。这项研究的结果表明,Aboge占据了Banyumasan社区留下的空间,因为它不如标准爪哇语。这是因为包括语言、传统和宗教在内的彭宁安文化往往被定位为边缘,被认为是越轨的,并被歪曲。标准文化利用其所拥有的权力工具,通过形成分层结构来维持其统治地位。这种结构用于在不同位置分布其他变体,中心点由标准文化填充。在语言的语境中,bandek爪哇语(日惹和梭罗)是标准,除此之外包括北海岸,东爪哇和Banyumasan是方言。地方化是在区域自治和村自治时期兴起的,这就要求地方化的发展要探索和容纳地方文化。具有彭宁安身份的Aboge便成为一种代表地方的表现形式。
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引用次数: 1
The Concept of Kawruh Jiwa and Pamomong in The Perspective of Ki Ageng Suryomentaram 从基阿庚Suryomentaram的角度看Kawruh Jiwa和Pamomong的概念
Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.24090/ibda.v20i1.6183
Subur Subur, Chubbi Syauqi
The purpose of this study is to describe one of the local wisdom or Javanese traditions, namely the concept of kawruh jiwa and pamomong in the perspective of Ki Ageng Suryomentaram, one of whose views is related to education. This study used a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. The data was collected through library research and literature searches related to the concept of kawruh jiwa and pamomong from Ki Ageng. The result of the study showed that the concept of kawruh jiwa and pamomong developed by Ki Ageng is cohesion that the Javanese people must-have. Both became the main philosophy of life for the Javanese. Kawruh jiwa is an aspect of feeling or roso so that humans understand themselves completely. Meanwhile, the concept of pamomong becomes an important principle for parents and educators in educating children or students. It is because pamomong is teaching to understand the right thing and think well. This means that kawruh jiwa and pamomong complete each other. Before becoming a good educator, everyone must understand themselves (kawruh jiwa).
本研究的目的是描述一个当地的智慧或爪哇传统,即kawruh jiwa和pamomong的概念在Ki Ageng Suryomentaram的角度,其中一个观点与教育有关。本研究采用定性方法和描述性方法。本研究的资料是透过图书馆研究及查阅与启阿庚的“kawruh jiwa”及“pamomong”概念相关的文献而得来。研究结果表明,基阿更形成的“kawruh jiwa”和“pamomong”概念是爪哇人必须具备的凝聚力。两者都成为爪哇人的主要生活哲学。Kawruh jiwa是感觉或情感的一个方面,使人类完全了解自己。与此同时,家长和教育者教育孩子或学生的重要原则也成为家长和教育者教育孩子或学生的重要原则。因为帕蒙教的是正确的理解和正确的思考。这意味着kawruh jiwa和pamomong是相互补充的。在成为一名优秀的教育者之前,每个人都必须了解自己。
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引用次数: 0
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IBDA` : Jurnal Kajian Islam dan Budaya
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