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2019 International Conference on Clean Electrical Power (ICCEP)最新文献

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Graphene-on-Silicon solar cells with graphite contacts 石墨触点的硅上石墨烯太阳能电池
Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICCEP.2019.8890134
L. Lancellotti, N. Lisi, P. D. Veneri, E. Bobeico, I. Matacena, P. Guerriero
This paper proposes an innovative technology for top contacting graphene-on-silicon Schottky solar cells, making use of graphite glue instead of the commonly used Ti/Au bilayer. Current-Voltage light characterization allow immediately to appreciate the advantage of the innovative contact evidencing the highest FF ever obtained in a graphene/Si solar cell with pristine (undoped) graphene and without graphene/silicon interlayer. To better understand the electrical behavior of our devices, solar cells realized either with gold contacts or with graphite contacts are compared by means of the impedance spectroscopy analysis too. It is shown that gold contacts give rise to strongly distorted impedance spectra and that such a distortion is due to the contact resistance. Conversely, graphite contacts result in extremely regular impedance spectra, as expected for ohmic behaving contacts.
本文提出了一种利用石墨胶代替常用的Ti/Au双分子层的硅上石墨烯肖特基太阳能电池顶接触技术。电流-电压光表征允许立即欣赏创新接触的优势,证明在原始(未掺杂)石墨烯和没有石墨烯/硅中间层的石墨烯/硅太阳能电池中获得的最高FF。为了更好地理解器件的电学行为,我们还通过阻抗谱分析对采用金触点和石墨触点实现的太阳能电池进行了比较。结果表明,金触点会产生强烈的阻抗谱畸变,这种畸变是由接触电阻引起的。相反,石墨触点产生非常规则的阻抗谱,正如欧姆行为触点所期望的那样。
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引用次数: 3
Frequency Support of Grid Connected Wind Turbine Based-DFIG 基于dfig的并网风电机组频率支持
Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICCEP.2019.8890110
Luis A. G. Gomez, L. F. N. Lourenço, M. Salles, A. Grilo, A. Sguarezi
The increase of the penetration levels of renewable energy sources (RES) in the interconnected grid poses a challenge for system operators. The variability inherent to RES such as wind power may cause key system parameters to trip outside of the allowable thresholds stablished by the grid codes. The objective of this work is to investigate the ability of wind farms equipped with Doubly Fed Induction Generators (DFIG) to participate in the primary frequency control of the grid. Three control strategies are implemented in the Rotor Side Converter (RSC) of the DFIG: inertia control, droop control and deloading and their performance are evaluated after a frequency disturbance occurs. For each of the considered strategies, multiple parameters were tested to identify how each strategy impacts the electric grid. The resulting analysis helps to determine if it is possible to perform the primary frequency control of an interconnected grid with RES.
可再生能源在互联电网中渗透水平的提高对系统运营商提出了挑战。可再生能源(如风力发电)固有的可变性可能导致关键系统参数超出电网规范规定的允许阈值。本研究的目的是研究配备双馈感应发电机(DFIG)的风电场参与电网一次频率控制的能力。在DFIG的转子侧变换器(RSC)中实现了惯量控制、下垂控制和减载三种控制策略,并在发生频率扰动后对它们的性能进行了评价。对于每一种考虑的策略,测试了多个参数,以确定每种策略如何影响电网。结果分析有助于确定是否有可能使用RES对互联电网进行主要频率控制。
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引用次数: 1
A novel sliding mode controller for DC-DC Boost converters 一种新型的DC-DC升压变换器滑模控制器
Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICCEP.2019.8890126
A. Cervone, D. D. Simone
The paper presents a novel sliding mode controller for a bidirectional boost converter. The proposed sliding surface has been analytically derived from the mathematical model of the structure and is guaranteed to be attractive and stable. Contrarily to other sliding mode strategies presented in the technical literature, the approach considers a combination of both the state variables of the converter. The corresponding control input can be easily supplied trough a standard pulse width modulation technique, guarantying a priori known maximum switching frequency and avoiding any insurgence of chattering. The critical point of the proposed control technique is represented by an explicit dependence on load resistance, which is easily solved with a simple online load estimation. The approach has been validated numerically and compared with a state-of-the-art sliding controller.
提出了一种新型的双向升压变换器滑模控制器。所提出的滑动面是由结构的数学模型解析导出的,保证了结构的吸引力和稳定性。与技术文献中提出的其他滑模策略相反,该方法考虑了转换器的两个状态变量的组合。相应的控制输入可以很容易地通过标准脉宽调制技术提供,保证先验已知的最大开关频率并避免任何抖动。该控制技术的临界点与负载阻力有显式的依赖关系,可以通过简单的在线负载估计来解决。该方法已经过数值验证,并与最先进的滑动控制器进行了比较。
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引用次数: 1
A centralized voltage optimization function exploiting DERs for distribution systems 利用DERs的配电系统集中电压优化函数
Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICCEP.2019.8890206
A. D. Di Fazio, M. Russo, G. Pisano, M. Santis
Renewable energy sources have reached such a high penetration level that significantly impacts on power system operation, in particular for medium and low voltage distribution systems where the vast majority of renewable energy generators are being connected. To cope with such an impact, higher levels of flexibility must be introduced in system operation, so as to avoid massive infrastructural investments to reinforce the network, and to assure system stability and security of supply. Introducing flexibility of both demand and distributed generation is the key to make distribution systems smarter. The installation of energy storage systems, for their inherent operational characteristics, may further favor this process. In this paper the flexibility potentially offered by distributed energy resources (DERs), that are active demand, distributed generators and energy storage systems, is properly modeled and exploited to tackle voltage regulation issues. In particular, the network is partitioned into zones to identify a limited number of pilot nodes whose voltage deviations are monitored and then minimized using a specific optimization function by acting on the flexibility offered by DERs. For demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed approach, the optimization function has been applied to a 24-nodes LV network in different operating conditions.
可再生能源已经达到了如此高的渗透水平,对电力系统的运行产生了重大影响,特别是对绝大多数可再生能源发电机连接的中低压配电系统。为应付这种影响,必须在系统运作中引入更高程度的灵活性,以避免大规模的基础设施投资来加强网络,并确保系统的稳定和供应的安全。引入需求和分布式发电的灵活性是实现配电系统智能化的关键。储能系统的安装,由于其固有的操作特性,可能进一步有利于这一过程。在本文中,分布式能源(DERs),即主动需求,分布式发电机和储能系统,可能提供的灵活性被适当地建模和利用来解决电压调节问题。特别是,将网络划分为多个区域,以识别有限数量的导频节点,这些导频节点的电压偏差被监控,然后使用特定的优化函数通过作用于DERs提供的灵活性来最小化导频节点。为了验证所提方法的有效性,将优化函数应用于不同运行条件下的24节点LV网络。
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引用次数: 4
On the Importance of Correlating Wind Speed and Wind Direction for Evaluating Uncertainty in Wind Turbine Power Output 风速与风向关联对风电输出不确定性评估的重要性
Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICCEP.2019.8890086
S. Djokic, M. Zou, D. Fang, V. D. Giorgio, R. Langella, A. Testa
This paper analyses importance of correlating wind speed (WS) and wind direction (WD) for a more confident evaluation of uncertainty in wind turbine (WT) power output ($mathrm {P}_{mathrm {o}mathrm {u}mathrm {t}}$). Using the available measurements of actual WTs, the paper first presents a new model for the analysis of the $mathrm {P}_{mathrm {o}mathrm {u}mathrm {t}}$-WS-WD correlations, based on Gaussian mixture Copula model (GMCM) and vine Copula (i.e., vine-GMCM framework). Afterwards, the paper compares results of a two-dimensional $mathrm {P}_{mathrm {o}mathrm {u}mathrm {t}}$-WS-WD model, previously proposed by some of the authors, with the cross-correlated three-dimensional $mathrm {P}_{mathrm {o}mathrm {u}mathrm {t}}$-WS-WD model, demonstrating that the ranges of variations of $mathrm {P}_{mathrm {o}mathrm {u}mathrm {t}}$ can be better modelled by considering not only wind speed, but also wind direction.
本文分析了风速(WS)和风向(WD)的关联对于更可靠地评估风力机(WT)输出功率($ mathm {P}_{ mathm {o} mathm {u} mathm {t}}$)的不确定性的重要性。利用实测的WTs数据,本文首先提出了一个基于高斯混合Copula模型(GMCM)和vine Copula(即vine-GMCM框架)的$ mathm {P}_{ mathm {o} mathm {u} mathm {t}}$-WS-WD相关性分析的新模型。随后,将部分作者提出的二维$ mathm {P}_{ mathm {o} mathm {u}}$-WS-WD模型的结果与交叉相关的三维$ mathm {P}_{ mathm {o} mathm {u}}}$-WS-WD模型的结果进行了比较,表明除了考虑风速外,还考虑风向,可以更好地模拟$ mathm {P}_{ mathm {o} mathm {u} mathm {t}}$的变化范围。
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引用次数: 0
A New Modification for TLBO Algorithm to Placement of Distributed Generation TLBO算法对分布式发电布局的新改进
Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICCEP.2019.8890101
Seyed Iman Taheri, M. Salles
Placement of Distributed Generators (DGs) can improve power quality characteristics of the distribution system. This paper presents a multi-objective modified-teaching-learning-based-optimization (MOTLBO) algorithm to the placement of DGs in a distribution system. Three objective functions are considered which are optimization of voltage profile and minimization of losses and cost of the distribution system. Two kinds of DGs which are photovoltaic units and fuel cell units are considered in this paper because they represent an established technology (photovoltaic) and a promising one (fuel cell). The original teaching-learning-based-optimization (TLBO) algorithm is modified in teaching and learning phases for improving the accuracy and convergence velocity of TLBO. The suggested algorithm is executed on a 70-bus-radial-distribution-system in comparison with other evolutionary methods. The superiority of the proposed algorithm is its accuracy and calculation velocity.
分布式发电机的配置可以改善配电系统的电能质量特性。提出了一种多目标修正教-学优化(MOTLBO)算法来求解配电系统中配电设备的配置问题。考虑了配电系统电压分布的优化、损耗和成本的最小化三个目标函数。本文考虑了光伏发电机组和燃料电池机组两种分布式发电机组,因为它们代表了一种成熟的技术(光伏)和一种有前途的技术(燃料电池)。为了提高TLBO算法的精度和收敛速度,在教学阶段和学习阶段对原有的基于教学的优化算法进行了改进。该算法在一个70总线的径向分布系统上运行,并与其他进化方法进行了比较。该算法的优点在于精度高、计算速度快。
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引用次数: 5
State of the Art on Modelling Inductive Power Transfer for EVs 电动汽车感应功率传输模型研究进展
Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICCEP.2019.8890072
D. Meco, A. Dolara, M. Longo, W. Yaici
The increasing diffusion of Electric Vehicles (EVs) is driving academic and institutional research towards exploring different possible ways of charging vehicles in a fast, reliable and safe way. For this reason, wireless power transfer systems have recently been receiving a lot of attention in the academic literature.This paper reviews the main analytic and computational tools that are typically used to perform analyses in the context of inductive power transfer systems. First, a selection of analytic models and numerical methods is analysed in detail, with a focus on the most widely used tools as well as some recent innovations.
随着电动汽车(ev)的日益普及,学术界和机构都在探索各种可能的快速、可靠和安全的汽车充电方式。由于这个原因,无线电力传输系统最近在学术文献中受到了很多关注。本文回顾了主要的分析和计算工具,通常用于在感应电力传输系统的背景下进行分析。首先,详细分析了分析模型和数值方法的选择,重点介绍了最广泛使用的工具以及最近的一些创新。
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引用次数: 0
Frequency Response and Inertia Analysis in Power Systems with High Wind Energy Integration 高风能集成度电力系统的频率响应和惯性分析
Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICCEP.2019.8890136
A. Femández-Guillamón, Á. Molina-García, A. Vigueras-Rodríguez, E. Gómez-Lázaro
In most of power systems, inertia has been usually estimated by considering only the rotating masses directly connected to the grid. However, the relevant integration of renewable energy sources into power systems, mainly wind and PV power plants decoupled from the grid by electronic converters, is decreasing the grid inertia and then affecting considerably both grid stability and reliability analysis. An alternative supply-side framework can be thus identified, where traditional generation is replaced by renewable energy sources. As an example of this integration process, renewables overtake coal and nuclear in EU for the first time during 2017. Under this new framework with a lack of rotating masses directly connected to the grid, terms such as ‘Hidden inertia’, ‘Synthetic inertia’ or ‘Virtual inertia’ are currently under discussion. Moreover, alternative spinning reserves must be also considered and included in power sytems to maintain power system reliability and stability. A detailed analysis to estimate the effect of low inertia parameter for frequency control purposes is discussed in this paper. Different scenarios are simulated and analysed, taking into account high wind energy integration, demand variations and frequency oscillations.
在大多数电力系统中,通常只考虑与电网直接相连的旋转质量来估计惯性。然而,将可再生能源纳入电力系统,主要是通过电子变流器与电网分离的风能和光伏发电厂,正在减少电网的惯性,从而对电网的稳定性和可靠性分析产生相当大的影响。因此,可以确定另一种供应方面的框架,用可再生能源取代传统的发电。作为这一整合过程的一个例子,2017年欧盟可再生能源首次超过煤炭和核能。在这个缺乏直接连接到网格的旋转质量的新框架下,诸如“隐藏惯性”、“合成惯性”或“虚拟惯性”等术语目前正在讨论中。此外,为了保证电力系统的可靠性和稳定性,电力系统还必须考虑并纳入备用旋转储备。本文详细分析了低惯性参数对频率控制的影响。考虑到高风能集成度、需求变化和频率振荡,模拟和分析了不同的情景。
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引用次数: 5
Battery Conditional Reliability Function Under an Inverse Gaussian model and its Bayes Estimation 反高斯模型下的电池条件可靠性函数及其贝叶斯估计
Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICCEP.2019.8890148
E. Chiodo, D. Lauria, F. Mottola, N. Andrenacci
This paper proposes a new methodological approach in the field of studies devoted to proper and accurate selection of a reliability model for battery systems. The study is performed with particular emphasis on the modeling and estimation of the Conditional Reliability Function, conceived as a key analytical tool in predicting the “Remaining useful life” of the battery, which is in turn an important information in order to identify the best maintenance strategy selection, or for inspection optimization, and also spare parts provision. Estimation of the Conditional Reliability Function is developed by means of a method based on the Inverse Gaussian Distribution and its Bayes Estimation. The performances of this estimation are developed and validated by means of extensive simulations and available experimental data. A brief account is reported of robustness analyses of the method with respect to the assumed prior Distribution.
本文提出了一种新的研究方法,致力于正确和准确地选择电池系统的可靠性模型。该研究特别强调了条件可靠性函数的建模和估计,该函数被认为是预测电池“剩余使用寿命”的关键分析工具,这反过来又是确定最佳维护策略选择或检查优化以及备件供应的重要信息。提出了一种基于反高斯分布及其贝叶斯估计的条件可靠度函数估计方法。通过大量的仿真和现有的实验数据,对该估计的性能进行了开发和验证。简要介绍了该方法相对于假定的先验分布的稳健性分析。
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引用次数: 1
Wind Speed Effect on the Conductor Temperature of a Distribution Line 风速对配电线路导线温度的影响
Pub Date : 2019-07-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICCEP.2019.8890090
R. Alberdi, I. Albizu, E. Fernandez, M. Bedialauneta, R. Fernandez, A. Mazón
Actual rating of the lines is important information for system operators. Dynamic line rating systems provide this information. The ampacity of the line it is related to the conductor temperature. This temperature can be calculated from meteorological measurements or by means of a Temperature Measurement System. Three different weather monitoring systems and one Temperature Measurement System have been installed along an overhead power line. These systems allow quantifying the uncertainty due to the spatial variability.
线路的实际额定值是系统操作员的重要信息。动态线路额定值系统提供了这些信息。线路的电容和导体的温度有关。这个温度可以通过气象测量或温度测量系统计算出来。三套不同的天气监测系统和一套温度测量系统已沿架空电力线安装。这些系统可以量化由于空间变异性而产生的不确定性。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
2019 International Conference on Clean Electrical Power (ICCEP)
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