The excessive exposure of blue light, originated from electronic gadgets like smartphones, laptops, and tablets, may contribute to sleep problems. Long exposure to blue-wavelength light from these devices affects sleep by suppressing melatonin hormone and cause neurophysiologic consequences. This literature review highlights the most recent findings on the relationship between sleep disruption and blue light exposure among the high school and college student population. A variety of scientific studies have shown that blue light exposure, especially before bedtime, can create circadian disruptions and inhibit melatonin secretion in brain, which ultimately result in deteriorated sleep quality and duration. Sleep deprivation in duration and quality of sleep is reflected in negative effects on mood, learning memory, and academic performance of a student from middle school to college. In general, the accumulating evidence indicates that, to promote adolescent and young adult health, it is necessary to pay attention to the impacts of blue light exposure from modern technologies.
{"title":"Impacts of Blue Light Exposure From Electronic Devices on Circadian Rhythm and Sleep Disruption in Adolescent and Young Adult Students","authors":"Mudassir Alam, Kashif Abbas, Yusra Sharf, Sarfaraz Khan","doi":"10.33069/cim.2024.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33069/cim.2024.0004","url":null,"abstract":"The excessive exposure of blue light, originated from electronic gadgets like smartphones, laptops, and tablets, may contribute to sleep problems. Long exposure to blue-wavelength light from these devices affects sleep by suppressing melatonin hormone and cause neurophysiologic consequences. This literature review highlights the most recent findings on the relationship between sleep disruption and blue light exposure among the high school and college student population. A variety of scientific studies have shown that blue light exposure, especially before bedtime, can create circadian disruptions and inhibit melatonin secretion in brain, which ultimately result in deteriorated sleep quality and duration. Sleep deprivation in duration and quality of sleep is reflected in negative effects on mood, learning memory, and academic performance of a student from middle school to college. In general, the accumulating evidence indicates that, to promote adolescent and young adult health, it is necessary to pay attention to the impacts of blue light exposure from modern technologies.","PeriodicalId":277997,"journal":{"name":"Chronobiology in Medicine","volume":"24 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140359188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. G. Hayrapetyan, L. Babayan, Jon K. Karapetyan, Vahe H. Babayan, Naira K. Atoyan, Narine A. Gasparian
This review paper explores the impact of fluctuations in environmental factors on human chrono-periodic systems. A multitude of external and internal environmental factors influence the organism throughout its lifespan, and many have the potential to disrupt human homeostasis. It would be inaccurate to assume that specific responses to each stimulus were developed and solidified during the evolutionary process. With the exception of genetic defects, there could not have been evolutionarily fixed pathological reactions in the body, as this would contradict the laws of selection. Therefore, all typical responses of the body to the stimulus should be considered primarily adaptive, i.e., physiological.
{"title":"Combined Influence of Fluctuations in the Local Atmosphere Conditions and Space Weather on the Chronoperiodic Systems in Patients With Cardiovascular Pathology","authors":"H. G. Hayrapetyan, L. Babayan, Jon K. Karapetyan, Vahe H. Babayan, Naira K. Atoyan, Narine A. Gasparian","doi":"10.33069/cim.2024.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33069/cim.2024.0001","url":null,"abstract":"This review paper explores the impact of fluctuations in environmental factors on human chrono-periodic systems. A multitude of external and internal environmental factors influence the organism throughout its lifespan, and many have the potential to disrupt human homeostasis. It would be inaccurate to assume that specific responses to each stimulus were developed and solidified during the evolutionary process. With the exception of genetic defects, there could not have been evolutionarily fixed pathological reactions in the body, as this would contradict the laws of selection. Therefore, all typical responses of the body to the stimulus should be considered primarily adaptive, i.e., physiological.","PeriodicalId":277997,"journal":{"name":"Chronobiology in Medicine","volume":"38 50","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140357953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ji Hyun Lee, Eui-Joong Kim, Kyu Young Lee, S. Bhang, Jae-won Choi
Objective: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent sleep disorder associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Severity of OSA is assessed using the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), but the optimal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) does not always correlate proportionally with AHI. This study aims to identify factors leading to the need for high CPAP pressure despite low AHI or vice versa.Methods: The study includes 91 patients diagnosed with OSA through polysomnography. Participants undergoing CPAP titration were categorized in three groups based on AHI (30/h) and optimal CPAP pressure (10 cm H2O); low AHI and high CPAP pressure group (LH group), high AHI and low CPAP pressure group (HL group), direct proportion group (DP group). The Kruskal–Wallis nonparametric statistical test is used to identify significant differences between the three groups.Results: Among the subjects, 78% were male, with no significant age or BMI differences between groups. There were 36 (39.6%) subjects with mild to moderate OSA and 55 (60.4%) subjects with severe OSA. The study revealed that patients requiring high CPAP pressure despite low AHI (LH group) had lower AHI, oxygen desaturation index, and various other parameters compared to other groups as expected. However, certain factors like the percentage of hypopnea in AHI, limb movement (LM) arousal index, and spontaneous arousal index were higher in the LH group.Conclusion: Patients with mild to moderate OSA requiring high CPAP pressure are more likely associated with specific aspects such as hypopnea in AHI, LM arousal, and spontaneous arousal index, presenting unpredictable outcomes.
{"title":"Association Between Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) Severity and Optimal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP); Do Severe OSA Patients Always Need High CPAP Pressure?","authors":"Ji Hyun Lee, Eui-Joong Kim, Kyu Young Lee, S. Bhang, Jae-won Choi","doi":"10.33069/cim.2024.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33069/cim.2024.0002","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent sleep disorder associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Severity of OSA is assessed using the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), but the optimal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) does not always correlate proportionally with AHI. This study aims to identify factors leading to the need for high CPAP pressure despite low AHI or vice versa.Methods: The study includes 91 patients diagnosed with OSA through polysomnography. Participants undergoing CPAP titration were categorized in three groups based on AHI (30/h) and optimal CPAP pressure (10 cm H2O); low AHI and high CPAP pressure group (LH group), high AHI and low CPAP pressure group (HL group), direct proportion group (DP group). The Kruskal–Wallis nonparametric statistical test is used to identify significant differences between the three groups.Results: Among the subjects, 78% were male, with no significant age or BMI differences between groups. There were 36 (39.6%) subjects with mild to moderate OSA and 55 (60.4%) subjects with severe OSA. The study revealed that patients requiring high CPAP pressure despite low AHI (LH group) had lower AHI, oxygen desaturation index, and various other parameters compared to other groups as expected. However, certain factors like the percentage of hypopnea in AHI, limb movement (LM) arousal index, and spontaneous arousal index were higher in the LH group.Conclusion: Patients with mild to moderate OSA requiring high CPAP pressure are more likely associated with specific aspects such as hypopnea in AHI, LM arousal, and spontaneous arousal index, presenting unpredictable outcomes.","PeriodicalId":277997,"journal":{"name":"Chronobiology in Medicine","volume":"22 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140360577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: The current study aims to explore the effects of sleep in the rocking bed on mood and attention.Methods: Thirty-nine young adults (14 with insomnia and 25 without insomnia) slept in the Sway Bed under three different conditions; 1) motionless condition, 2) continuously rocking condition, and 3) before-sleep rocking condition. In the motionless condition, participants slept without rocking for all night. In the continuously rocking condition, rocking started when lights out and stopped at wake-up time. In the before-sleep rocking condition, rocking started when lights out, but stopped after sleep onset. The Profile of Mood States and the computerized Comprehensive Attention Test were conducted before and after experimental sleep.Results: Under continuously rocking, depression, tension, anger, fatigue, confusion, and standard deviation of reaction time in divided attention were reduced. Under after-sleep bed condition, depression, tension, fatigue, confusion and omission errors in divided attention were reduced. There were no significant differences in after-sleep mood or attention changes between bed conditions. However, within those with insomnia, after-sleep improvement of depression and divided reduction were larger under continuously rocking conditions than under motionless conditions.Conclusion: Sleeping in the rocking bed improved negative affects and divided attention. The effects of rocking bed on depression and divided attention were prominent especially in those with insomnia. The current findings suggest that the sleep in the rocking bed may improve the depressive mood and the impaired attention of insomnia patients.
{"title":"The Effect of Rocking Bed on Mood and Attention","authors":"Hyerin Gu, J. Jung, Seog Ju Kim","doi":"10.33069/cim.2024.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33069/cim.2024.0003","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The current study aims to explore the effects of sleep in the rocking bed on mood and attention.Methods: Thirty-nine young adults (14 with insomnia and 25 without insomnia) slept in the Sway Bed under three different conditions; 1) motionless condition, 2) continuously rocking condition, and 3) before-sleep rocking condition. In the motionless condition, participants slept without rocking for all night. In the continuously rocking condition, rocking started when lights out and stopped at wake-up time. In the before-sleep rocking condition, rocking started when lights out, but stopped after sleep onset. The Profile of Mood States and the computerized Comprehensive Attention Test were conducted before and after experimental sleep.Results: Under continuously rocking, depression, tension, anger, fatigue, confusion, and standard deviation of reaction time in divided attention were reduced. Under after-sleep bed condition, depression, tension, fatigue, confusion and omission errors in divided attention were reduced. There were no significant differences in after-sleep mood or attention changes between bed conditions. However, within those with insomnia, after-sleep improvement of depression and divided reduction were larger under continuously rocking conditions than under motionless conditions.Conclusion: Sleeping in the rocking bed improved negative affects and divided attention. The effects of rocking bed on depression and divided attention were prominent especially in those with insomnia. The current findings suggest that the sleep in the rocking bed may improve the depressive mood and the impaired attention of insomnia patients.","PeriodicalId":277997,"journal":{"name":"Chronobiology in Medicine","volume":"114 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140360331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) has been reported as prodromal biomarker for neurodegenerative synucleinopathies. To early detect neurodegeneration in preclinical stage, pathophysiological changes of iRBD have been studied in many ways including structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional MRI (fMRI), and connectivity analyses. This review summarizes functional connectivity studies using resting-state fMRI in iRBD patients focused on motor-related network, compensatory mechanism of synucleinopathies, cognitive dysfunction, and non-motor symptoms.
{"title":"Brain Functional Connectivity Changes in Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder","authors":"Yoonha Hwang","doi":"10.33069/cim.2024.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33069/cim.2024.0005","url":null,"abstract":"The idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) has been reported as prodromal biomarker for neurodegenerative synucleinopathies. To early detect neurodegeneration in preclinical stage, pathophysiological changes of iRBD have been studied in many ways including structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional MRI (fMRI), and connectivity analyses. This review summarizes functional connectivity studies using resting-state fMRI in iRBD patients focused on motor-related network, compensatory mechanism of synucleinopathies, cognitive dysfunction, and non-motor symptoms.","PeriodicalId":277997,"journal":{"name":"Chronobiology in Medicine","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140361346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"No Light at Night and Bright Light in the Morning","authors":"Heon-Jeong Lee","doi":"10.33069/cim.2024.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33069/cim.2024.0007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":277997,"journal":{"name":"Chronobiology in Medicine","volume":"40 28","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140357816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a neurological disorder known to cause an uncomfortable feeling in the legs, that is alleviated by movement and the symptoms are worse at night or in the evening This study aims to find out the prevalence of restless legs syndrome in Pakistan and to investigate whether it has any association with depression, gender or age.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a sample size of 377 was calculated using Raosoft. However, 400 participants were included after informed verbal consent, but after 20 dropouts, 380 sample size was finalized. The diagnosis of RLS was done by International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group (IRLSSG) diagnostic criteria, the diagnosis of depression and its severity was checked by Becks Depression Inventory. A series of tests, namely, descriptive statistics, chi-square test, independent sample t-test, and one-way analysis of variance were calculated via SPSS Software version 27.Results: The prevalence of RLS in Pakistan is 23.7%. There was no difference in depression score with respect to RLS (F=0.270, p=0.604), and there was no difference in severity of depressive symptoms with respect to RLS (p=0.741). There was no difference in gender in prevalence of RLS (χ2=1.842, p=0.175). However, there is significant difference in RLS with respect to age (χ2=9.598, p=0.048).Conclusion: RLS is quite common in Pakistan with a prevalence of 23.7%. However, the onset of RLS is unrelated to depression and gender, but the prevalence of RLS increases with age. Future studies should focus on investigating severity of RLS and ways to prevent it. It is relation with age can be studied further to help with the prognosis.
{"title":"Incidence of Restless Legs Syndrome in Pakistan and Its Relationship With Depression, Gender, and Age: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Riha Zahid, Muhammad Sundar Ali","doi":"10.33069/cim.2023.0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33069/cim.2023.0033","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a neurological disorder known to cause an uncomfortable feeling in the legs, that is alleviated by movement and the symptoms are worse at night or in the evening This study aims to find out the prevalence of restless legs syndrome in Pakistan and to investigate whether it has any association with depression, gender or age.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a sample size of 377 was calculated using Raosoft. However, 400 participants were included after informed verbal consent, but after 20 dropouts, 380 sample size was finalized. The diagnosis of RLS was done by International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group (IRLSSG) diagnostic criteria, the diagnosis of depression and its severity was checked by Becks Depression Inventory. A series of tests, namely, descriptive statistics, chi-square test, independent sample t-test, and one-way analysis of variance were calculated via SPSS Software version 27.Results: The prevalence of RLS in Pakistan is 23.7%. There was no difference in depression score with respect to RLS (F=0.270, p=0.604), and there was no difference in severity of depressive symptoms with respect to RLS (p=0.741). There was no difference in gender in prevalence of RLS (χ2=1.842, p=0.175). However, there is significant difference in RLS with respect to age (χ2=9.598, p=0.048).Conclusion: RLS is quite common in Pakistan with a prevalence of 23.7%. However, the onset of RLS is unrelated to depression and gender, but the prevalence of RLS increases with age. Future studies should focus on investigating severity of RLS and ways to prevent it. It is relation with age can be studied further to help with the prognosis.","PeriodicalId":277997,"journal":{"name":"Chronobiology in Medicine","volume":"38 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140358043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marriyam Saif, Anam Aslam, Rida Zainab, Mahnoor Tariq, Khadija Sajid, Afifa Tanweer
This study is a review of articles from 1999 to 2023 that present how circadian rhythm and factors have created an impact on individuals. Chrononutrition is the latest concept of sleeping patterns and eating behaviors along with it. It includes meal frequency, regularity, and timing. Alteration in these can be a reason for healthy eating or risk of diseases. The pros and cons of chronotypes (morning and evening) and their relation with modernization are being studied. Meal skipping and its influence on body weight are deleterious for health and breakfast skipping and late dinners have a higher association with weight gain. Disruption in sleep and high-calorie consumption before bedtime causes disturbed and insufficient sleep. Nutrient intake is low in individuals who have poor sleep-wake cycles. Also, irregularity in the sleep-wake cycles and meal timings have an association with poor academic performance of students of school, college, and university levels. In conclusion, eating with a biological clock can help individuals reverse or recover from a disease and create a positive impact on academic performance.
{"title":"Disturbance in Chrononutrition and Its Influence on Body Weight and Academic Performance: A Review","authors":"Marriyam Saif, Anam Aslam, Rida Zainab, Mahnoor Tariq, Khadija Sajid, Afifa Tanweer","doi":"10.33069/cim.2023.0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33069/cim.2023.0026","url":null,"abstract":"This study is a review of articles from 1999 to 2023 that present how circadian rhythm and factors have created an impact on individuals. Chrononutrition is the latest concept of sleeping patterns and eating behaviors along with it. It includes meal frequency, regularity, and timing. Alteration in these can be a reason for healthy eating or risk of diseases. The pros and cons of chronotypes (morning and evening) and their relation with modernization are being studied. Meal skipping and its influence on body weight are deleterious for health and breakfast skipping and late dinners have a higher association with weight gain. Disruption in sleep and high-calorie consumption before bedtime causes disturbed and insufficient sleep. Nutrient intake is low in individuals who have poor sleep-wake cycles. Also, irregularity in the sleep-wake cycles and meal timings have an association with poor academic performance of students of school, college, and university levels. In conclusion, eating with a biological clock can help individuals reverse or recover from a disease and create a positive impact on academic performance.","PeriodicalId":277997,"journal":{"name":"Chronobiology in Medicine","volume":"104 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139134741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Boram Chae, Young-Min Park, So-Jin Lee, Jin-Seong Lee, Seungche Kang, Kyoung-Sae Na, Eui-Joong Kim, Ho-Kyoung Yoon
Objective: This study aimed to assess whether the use of melatonin as an initial insomnia treatment can enhance inflammatory status and quality of life (QoL). We also explored a potential correlation between these improvements and sleep pattern ameliorations and whether baseline status correlated to differences in sleep quality, inflammatory status, and QoL. Methods: We enrolled 67 subjects from 6 different hospitals who met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) insomnia criteria. The patients took 2 mg per day of prolonged-release melatonin (PRM) for 8 weeks. We administered the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to assess sleep quality and the WHO-5 Well-Being Index to assess QoL at baseline, week 4, and week 8. We measured tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels to determine inflammatory status at baseline and week 8.Results: The mean global PSQI score declined significantly from 13.97 to 10.39 (p<0.001) after 8 weeks of PRM treatment. The mean WHO-5 Well-Being Index score improved significantly from 7.30 to 11.0 (p<0.001) over the study period. The mean TNF-α nonsignificantly declined from 0.62 to 0.60 (p=0.28). The PSQI improvement over 8 weeks was correlated to the baseline PSQI score (r=0.40, p=0.001). The decrease in TNF-α over 8 weeks was correlated to the baseline TNF-α level (r=0.43, p<0.001).Conclusion: This study reported measurable improvement in sleep quality and QoL after 8 weeks of PRM. Although the decrease in TNF-α level over 8 weeks was not significant, it showed correlation to the baseline TNF-α level. PRM can prevent excessive inflammation and may be beneficial in chronic inflammation involving TNF-α.
{"title":"The Impact of Melatonin on Inflammatory Status and Quality of Life","authors":"Boram Chae, Young-Min Park, So-Jin Lee, Jin-Seong Lee, Seungche Kang, Kyoung-Sae Na, Eui-Joong Kim, Ho-Kyoung Yoon","doi":"10.33069/cim.2023.0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33069/cim.2023.0028","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study aimed to assess whether the use of melatonin as an initial insomnia treatment can enhance inflammatory status and quality of life (QoL). We also explored a potential correlation between these improvements and sleep pattern ameliorations and whether baseline status correlated to differences in sleep quality, inflammatory status, and QoL. Methods: We enrolled 67 subjects from 6 different hospitals who met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) insomnia criteria. The patients took 2 mg per day of prolonged-release melatonin (PRM) for 8 weeks. We administered the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to assess sleep quality and the WHO-5 Well-Being Index to assess QoL at baseline, week 4, and week 8. We measured tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels to determine inflammatory status at baseline and week 8.Results: The mean global PSQI score declined significantly from 13.97 to 10.39 (p<0.001) after 8 weeks of PRM treatment. The mean WHO-5 Well-Being Index score improved significantly from 7.30 to 11.0 (p<0.001) over the study period. The mean TNF-α nonsignificantly declined from 0.62 to 0.60 (p=0.28). The PSQI improvement over 8 weeks was correlated to the baseline PSQI score (r=0.40, p=0.001). The decrease in TNF-α over 8 weeks was correlated to the baseline TNF-α level (r=0.43, p<0.001).Conclusion: This study reported measurable improvement in sleep quality and QoL after 8 weeks of PRM. Although the decrease in TNF-α level over 8 weeks was not significant, it showed correlation to the baseline TNF-α level. PRM can prevent excessive inflammation and may be beneficial in chronic inflammation involving TNF-α.","PeriodicalId":277997,"journal":{"name":"Chronobiology in Medicine","volume":"95 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139131701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Devina Carolina Mastari, Windy Mariane Virenia Wariki, Ansye Momole, H. Khosama, Finny Warouw, J. M. Pertiwi
Objective: Insomnia serves as the most common sleep disorder. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) are amongst most popular treatment for insomnia. This research aimed to determine the comparative effectiveness of TMS and tDCS as therapies for insomnia.Methods: PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, Wiley Library Online, and Neurona were used to search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing TMS/tDCS with sham group in insomnia. Meta-analysis was done to determine the effectiveness of TMS and tDCS as a therapy for insomnia. Weighted mean difference were computed and reported with its 95% CI. Heterogeneity was reported with I2. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool. Subjective pooled-analysis was done using Mann-Whitney U test with p<0.05.Results: From a total 1,000 publications, 15 studies were included, revealing varying types of insomnia as follows: 26.7% comorbid depression, 13.3% comorbid pain, 13.3% involving athletes, 13.3% primary insomnia, 6.7% due to medication, 6.7% comorbid polio, 6.7% comorbid Sjogren’s syndrome, 6.7% comorbid stroke, and 6.7% comorbid Parkinson’s disease. From 15 studies, four homogenous articles were made for pooled-analyses, which included two studies on TMS and two studies on tDCS in insomnia comorbid depression. tDCS improved sleep onset latency, N2, and REM latency better than sham. TMS (2.29, 95% CI: 1.82–2.76) was superior to sham in improving the subjective quality of sleep, and tDCS (1.05, 0.68–1.43) with p=0.121.Conclusion: No significant differences were found between TMS and tDCS as therapies for insomnia. Most RCTs studying TMS/tDCS in insomnia reported high comorbidity with depression.
{"title":"A Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation as Therapy of Insomnia","authors":"Devina Carolina Mastari, Windy Mariane Virenia Wariki, Ansye Momole, H. Khosama, Finny Warouw, J. M. Pertiwi","doi":"10.33069/cim.2023.0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33069/cim.2023.0027","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Insomnia serves as the most common sleep disorder. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) are amongst most popular treatment for insomnia. This research aimed to determine the comparative effectiveness of TMS and tDCS as therapies for insomnia.Methods: PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, Wiley Library Online, and Neurona were used to search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing TMS/tDCS with sham group in insomnia. Meta-analysis was done to determine the effectiveness of TMS and tDCS as a therapy for insomnia. Weighted mean difference were computed and reported with its 95% CI. Heterogeneity was reported with I2. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool. Subjective pooled-analysis was done using Mann-Whitney U test with p<0.05.Results: From a total 1,000 publications, 15 studies were included, revealing varying types of insomnia as follows: 26.7% comorbid depression, 13.3% comorbid pain, 13.3% involving athletes, 13.3% primary insomnia, 6.7% due to medication, 6.7% comorbid polio, 6.7% comorbid Sjogren’s syndrome, 6.7% comorbid stroke, and 6.7% comorbid Parkinson’s disease. From 15 studies, four homogenous articles were made for pooled-analyses, which included two studies on TMS and two studies on tDCS in insomnia comorbid depression. tDCS improved sleep onset latency, N2, and REM latency better than sham. TMS (2.29, 95% CI: 1.82–2.76) was superior to sham in improving the subjective quality of sleep, and tDCS (1.05, 0.68–1.43) with p=0.121.Conclusion: No significant differences were found between TMS and tDCS as therapies for insomnia. Most RCTs studying TMS/tDCS in insomnia reported high comorbidity with depression.","PeriodicalId":277997,"journal":{"name":"Chronobiology in Medicine","volume":"120 41","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139134062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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