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Proceedings of the 31st European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics最新文献

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Coping with the demands of network management by autonomic functionalities and training 通过自主功能和培训来应对网络管理的需求
Pub Date : 2013-08-26 DOI: 10.1145/2501907.2501941
M. Liinasuo, Iina Aaltonen, Hannu Karvonen, L. Norros, Beatriz Fuentes
Telecommunication has experienced a rapid expansion with a huge increase in the amount of users, content, and utilized technologies. Consequently, the management of telecom networks has become more challenging. In this study, we have investigated what the demands of the domain are from the perspective of the professionals managing the network. Specifically, we have studied how the demands could be coped with by introducing autonomic network management functionalities or advanced training. The study is based on an extensive interview material about the demands of the telecom network management domain. We conclude that the challenges of the domain are originating both from humans and technology and the remedies vary accordingly. Autonomic functionalities and training could, however, mitigate several challenges found in the domain.
随着用户数量、内容和利用的技术的巨大增加,电信经历了迅速的扩张。因此,电信网络的管理变得更加具有挑战性。在本研究中,我们从管理网络的专业人员的角度调查了该领域的需求是什么。具体来说,我们研究了如何通过引入自主网络管理功能或高级培训来应对这些需求。本研究是基于对电信网络管理领域需求的广泛访谈资料。我们的结论是,该领域的挑战源于人类和技术,补救措施也相应不同。然而,自主功能和训练可以缓解该领域的一些挑战。
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引用次数: 2
User experience targets as design drivers: a case study on the development of a remote crane operator station 用户体验目标作为设计驱动:以远程起重机操作站开发为例
Pub Date : 2013-08-26 DOI: 10.1145/2501907.2501956
Hanna Koskinen, Hannu Karvonen, Helena Tokkonen
In recent years, the notion of user experience, or UX, as an essential aspect to be addressed in the design and development of technologies has been increasingly discussed. In this paper, we present a case study in which we have used UX targets as the main design drivers and focus areas in developing a new remote operator station user interface for container cranes. UX targets describe the experiential qualities to which the product design should aim at. However, taking UX targets into consideration during product design is challenging, because only little is known about how they would be best operationalized to serve the different phases of the design process. Through our case study, we describe how we identified relevant UX targets, how their content was defined, and how they were implemented into a new remote operator station concept that was then tested and evaluated by expert users.
近年来,用户体验(UX)的概念作为技术设计和开发中需要解决的一个重要方面得到了越来越多的讨论。在本文中,我们提出了一个案例研究,其中我们使用用户体验目标作为主要设计驱动因素和重点领域,以开发用于集装箱起重机的新型远程操作站用户界面。用户体验目标描述了产品设计应该瞄准的体验质量。然而,在产品设计过程中考虑用户体验目标是具有挑战性的,因为我们对如何最好地操作它们以服务于设计过程的不同阶段知之甚少。通过我们的案例研究,我们描述了我们如何确定相关的用户体验目标,如何定义其内容,以及如何将它们实现到一个新的远程操作站概念中,然后由专家用户进行测试和评估。
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引用次数: 21
Supporting learning within the workplace: device training in healthcare 支持工作场所内的学习:医疗保健设备培训
Pub Date : 2013-08-26 DOI: 10.1145/2501907.2501961
I. Iacovides, A. Cox, A. Blandford
The phrase "lifelong learning" places emphasis on the fact that learning continues beyond the classroom and formal educational environments, though it is often supported by training within the workplace. Continued professional development is particularly important within the context of healthcare, where technology is constantly evolving and errors run the risk of causing serious harm to patients. This paper considers the case of infusion device training within UK hospitals. Interviews were carried out with staff involved in medical device training and management across seven National Health Service trusts. The analysis indicates the range of training provided by different institutions and highlights important issues that influence how users develop their understanding of these devices. Further, the research indicates that while there is an increasing interest in e-learning as a way to overcome some of the challenges trainers face in relation to time and resources, there are also significant concerns which need to be addressed when considering this approach.
“终身学习”这一短语强调的是学习在课堂和正规教育环境之外继续进行,尽管它通常得到工作场所培训的支持。在医疗保健领域,持续的专业发展尤为重要,因为技术在不断发展,错误可能会对患者造成严重伤害。本文考虑了输液器培训在英国医院的情况。对参与医疗器械培训和管理的七个国家卫生服务信托机构的工作人员进行了访谈。该分析指出了不同机构提供的培训范围,并突出了影响用户如何发展对这些设备的理解的重要问题。此外,研究表明,尽管人们对电子学习越来越感兴趣,因为它可以克服培训师在时间和资源方面面临的一些挑战,但在考虑这种方法时,也需要解决一些重大问题。
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引用次数: 9
Interactions in an online community in ergonomics: from sharing information to comparing practices? 人机工程学在线社区的互动:从分享信息到比较实践?
Pub Date : 2013-08-26 DOI: 10.1145/2501907.2501955
Flore Barcellini, C. Delgoulet, D. Fréard, J. Nelson
The goal of our research is to characterize practices shared in an online community dedicated to ergonomics in order to understand how these online discussions are a means to construct co-elaborated knowledge about ergonomics and its practices. This communication presents a preliminary study of the nature (purpose of interactions, topics) and structure (relations between participants, purposes and topics) of exchanges on Ergoliste, a French speaking online mailing list dedicated to ergonomics. We show that the mailing list is mostly dominated by ergonomists (consultants, ergonomists working in private companies, institutions, students) seeking and sharing resources: information about jobs and resources (documentation, literature, etc.) and experiences about various topics (methodology, trades of ergonomics, specific tools or work settings...). It also opens some prospects for more longitudinal investigations of the contents of the list, to analyze more deeply how the list can be viewed as an efficient tool to co-elaborate knowledge about ergonomics and its development.
我们的研究目标是描述一个致力于人体工程学的在线社区中共享的实践,以了解这些在线讨论如何成为构建关于人体工程学及其实践的共同阐述知识的手段。这篇文章对Ergoliste(一个致力于人体工程学的法语在线邮件列表)上交流的性质(互动的目的、话题)和结构(参与者之间的关系、目的和话题)进行了初步研究。我们发现,邮件列表主要由人类工程学专家(顾问、在私营公司、机构工作的人类工程学专家、学生)主导,他们寻求和分享资源:关于工作和资源的信息(文档、文献等)和关于各种主题的经验(方法论、人类工程学行业、特定工具或工作环境……)。这也为对该清单的内容进行更多的纵向调查开辟了一些前景,以更深入地分析如何将该清单视为一种有效的工具,以共同阐述有关人体工程学及其发展的知识。
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引用次数: 3
A framework for design of an integrated system for decision support and training 决策支持和培训综合系统的设计框架
Pub Date : 2013-08-26 DOI: 10.1145/2501907.2501942
E. Dalinger
This paper introduces a cognitive engineering approach for requirements definition and design of an integrated system for decision support and training for critical situations. Effective decision support and training should be provided not only for predefined, routine work situations, but also for a range of situations, including emergencies and other unanticipated events where decision support can be most valuable. This applies in particular to the case of decision-making in dynamic, complex environments. The design of decision support systems (DSS) should take into account the cognitive demands of decision makers to support them in their work. A DSS that can support a decision maker in critical situations can also be used for training of expertise to handle these critical situations; hence, there can be a large advantage to combining a DSS and training system into one application. A methodological approach for the design of an integrated system for decision support and training was developed using methods from Cognitive Systems Engineering and incorporating the Naturalistic Decision Making approach. A special case of novel or emerging work domains was considered.
本文介绍了一种认知工程方法,用于需求定义和设计一个用于关键情况下决策支持和培训的集成系统。有效的决策支持和培训不仅应针对预先确定的日常工作情况,而且还应针对各种情况,包括紧急情况和其他未预料到的事件,在这些情况下,决策支持可能是最有价值的。这尤其适用于动态、复杂环境中的决策。决策支持系统的设计应考虑决策者的认知需求,以支持他们的工作。能够在危急情况下支持决策者的决策支助系统也可用于培训处理这些危急情况的专门知识;因此,将决策支持系统和培训系统结合到一个应用程序中会有很大的优势。利用认知系统工程的方法并结合自然主义决策方法,开发了一种用于设计决策支持和培训集成系统的方法学方法。考虑了一个新的或正在出现的工作领域的特殊情况。
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引用次数: 3
Mean head and shoulder heights when seated: subconscious postural cycles during discrete computerised stimuli 坐着时头肩平均高度:离散计算机化刺激下的潜意识姿势周期
Pub Date : 2013-08-26 DOI: 10.1145/2501907.2501957
H. Witchel, Carina E. I. Westling, R. Needham, A. Healy, N. Chockalingam
Discrete, three-minute, computer-presented stimuli (designed to range from engaging to incredibly boring) were used to elicit changes in cognitive/emotional states in seated, healthy volunteers. These stimuli did not require the use of a mouse, so movements were assumed to be non- instrumental. Stimuli included films, games, quizzes and music. Motion capture and video analysis were used to detect changes in head and shoulder position in response to the stimuli. Results include changes occurring between the first half and the second half of each of the main stimuli (i.e. arising in less than one minute as the volunteer "settles in"); in the second half of each stimulus, there were decreases in head height and shoulder height (i.e. position rather than movement). In conclusion, we speculate that non-instrumental changes in head height and shoulder height may suggest loss of vigilance or diminishing arousal in seated computer-users. Our unique contributions are: 1) discrete stimuli, were used on seated volunteers 2) without a mouse, to show that 3) modest (mm) head and shoulder movements in the vertical axis correlated with 4) subtle cyclical changes in boredom, not overall changes in fatigue. Future psychological validation of tutoring systems with discrete stimuli can use these postural parameters as part of a multimodal analysis of engagement.
研究人员利用计算机呈现的离散的三分钟刺激(设计范围从吸引人到令人难以置信的无聊)来引发坐着的健康志愿者的认知/情绪状态的变化。这些刺激不需要使用鼠标,所以运动被认为是非工具性的。刺激包括电影、游戏、测验和音乐。运动捕捉和视频分析用于检测头部和肩部位置对刺激的反应变化。结果包括在每个主要刺激的前半部分和后半部分之间发生的变化(即在志愿者“适应”后不到一分钟内发生的变化);在每次刺激的后半部分,头部高度和肩部高度(即位置而不是运动)都有所下降。总之,我们推测头部高度和肩部高度的非工具性变化可能表明坐着的电脑用户警觉性丧失或觉醒减弱。我们的独特贡献是:1)对坐着的志愿者使用离散刺激;2)没有鼠标;3)头部和肩膀在垂直轴上适度(毫米)的运动与4)无聊的微妙周期性变化相关,而不是疲劳的整体变化。未来对具有离散刺激的辅导系统的心理验证可以使用这些姿势参数作为参与的多模态分析的一部分。
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引用次数: 8
Understanding challenges and opportunities of preventive blood pressure self-monitoring at home 了解家庭预防性血压自我监测的挑战和机遇
Pub Date : 2013-08-26 DOI: 10.1145/2501907.2501962
E. Grönvall, N. Verdezoto
The herein presented study explores socio-technical complexities that may occur when introducing preventive health-measurement technologies in older adults' daily routines and everyday lives. Using mainly blood pressure measurements in private homes, the study applied qualitative and quantitative methods to understand existing challenges and uncover opportunities of self-monitoring technologies to support preventive healthcare activities among older adults. Emerging challenges from our study were: rule complexity for self-measuring, reliability of measurements, interpretation, understanding and health awareness, the sharing activity for prevention, motivational sources, the role of the doctor for prevention, older adult's use of technology, the home as a distributed information space, and visualization of health data. An awareness of these challenges can help designers to develop better tools to support people's preventive self-monitoring needs compared with existing solutions. Furthermore, supporting the active and informed citizen can improve older adult's care abilities, awareness and activation towards preventive care.
本文提出的研究探讨了在老年人的日常生活和日常生活中引入预防性健康测量技术时可能出现的社会技术复杂性。该研究主要使用私人家庭的血压测量,采用定性和定量方法来了解现有的挑战,并发现自我监测技术支持老年人预防性保健活动的机会。我们的研究面临的新挑战是:自我测量的规则复杂性、测量的可靠性、解释、理解和健康意识、预防的共享活动、动机来源、医生在预防中的角色、老年人对技术的使用、家庭作为分布式信息空间以及健康数据的可视化。与现有的解决方案相比,意识到这些挑战可以帮助设计师开发更好的工具来支持人们的预防性自我监控需求。此外,支持积极和知情的公民可以提高老年人的护理能力,意识和对预防保健的激活。
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引用次数: 24
An ethical boundary agent to prevent the abdication of responsibility in combat systems 在战斗系统中防止放弃责任的道德边界代理
Pub Date : 2013-08-26 DOI: 10.1145/2501907.2501949
T. D. Greef, A. Leveringhaus
Remote controlled combat systems and future autonomous systems create unprecedented capabilities to control the delivery of military force. However, there is a growing concern, which is only starting to be addressed now, that ethical values are violated as a result of high levels of autonomy and remote control. Before combat technologies can be deployed, we need to ensure that their usage enhances, rather than undermines, human decision-making capacities. To do this, we propose combining the idea of an ethical boundary agent with a partnership approach. The partnership approach is seen as a promising area for improved efficiency in interactive systems. In this paper, we claim that the ethical boundary agent safeguards compliance with implemented legal and moral boundaries. Hypothetically, such an agent prevents human operators from abdicating from their responsibilities. It does this by challenging operators to think critically about whether actions meet relevant ethical standards.
远程控制作战系统和未来的自主系统创造了前所未有的控制军事力量交付的能力。然而,人们越来越担心,由于高度自治和远程控制,道德价值观受到了侵犯,这一点现在才刚刚开始得到解决。在部署作战技术之前,我们需要确保它们的使用能够增强而不是削弱人类的决策能力。为此,我们建议将道德边界代理的概念与伙伴关系方法相结合。伙伴关系方法被视为提高互动系统效率的一个有希望的领域。在本文中,我们认为道德边界主体保证了法律和道德边界的遵守。假设,这样的代理可以防止人类操作员放弃他们的责任。它通过挑战经营者批判性地思考行为是否符合相关的道德标准来做到这一点。
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引用次数: 1
The environment: a source of capabilities for older adults? 环境:老年人能力的来源?
Pub Date : 2013-08-26 DOI: 10.1145/2501907.2501945
Fanny Le Morellec, M. Anastassova, P. Falzon
This article presents an exploratory study on older adults' mobility. The study was based on both observations in a complex built environment (a university hospital), and on an online questionnaire distributed to people aged 50 and more. The main objective of the two studies presented in this paper was to determine the difficulties encountered by older adults when moving outdoors and indoors. A secondary objective was to investigate the resources used in order to cope with the difficulties. The results shows that the main mobility obstacles for older adults are related, firstly, to the salience of landmarks and the spatial organization of the environment and, secondly, to the age-related decline in physical, sensory and physiological abilities. Our studies show that the main resources to overcome these obstacles are landmarks and personnel support in the hospital and Internet, GPS, plans and maps outdoors.
本文介绍了一项关于老年人活动能力的探索性研究。这项研究基于对一个复杂建筑环境(一所大学医院)的观察,以及对50岁及以上人群的在线问卷调查。本文提出的两项研究的主要目的是确定老年人在户外和室内活动时遇到的困难。第二个目标是调查为应付这些困难所使用的资源。结果表明,老年人的主要行动障碍主要与环境地标的显著性和空间组织有关,其次与年龄相关的身体、感官和生理能力下降有关。我们的研究表明,克服这些障碍的主要资源是医院的地标和人员支持、互联网、GPS、户外计划和地图。
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引用次数: 2
sCEthics: embedding ethical values in cognitive engineering 科学伦理学:在认知工程中嵌入伦理价值
Pub Date : 2013-08-26 DOI: 10.1145/2501907.2501935
T. D. Greef, Arvind Mohabir, I. Poel, Mark Antonius Neerincx
Contemporary and future technologies are getting more intelligent and connect easily to one another, potentially leading to conflicts with human ethical values. Value Sensitive Design (VSD) is promising for its focus on ethical values but lacks an explicit and systematical elicitation of requirements, which is targeted explicitly in the situated Cognitive Engineering (sCE) methodology. Therefore, a sCE tool was combined with VSD leading to the sCEthics design methodology that accounts for ethical values in an explicit and systematical way. This entailed implementing five requirements and these were evaluated with eleven participants. The results reveal that the implementation of requirements relating to values, policies and design patterns are seen as useful, but require minor revisions. The extended scenario system was not seen as very useful while both visualization overviews were perceived as extremely useful. These results show that sCEthics serves as a structured and guiding user-centered approach towards the design of ethical intelligent systems.
当代和未来的技术正变得越来越智能,彼此之间的连接也越来越容易,这可能会导致与人类道德价值观的冲突。价值敏感设计(VSD)因其对伦理价值的关注而有希望,但缺乏明确和系统的需求引出,这在认知工程(sCE)方法论中是明确的目标。因此,sCE工具与VSD相结合,形成了以明确和系统的方式解释伦理价值的科学伦理设计方法。这需要执行五项要求,并由11名参与者对这些要求进行评估。结果显示,与值、策略和设计模式相关的需求的实现被认为是有用的,但需要进行微小的修改。扩展的场景系统被认为不是很有用,而两个可视化概述被认为是非常有用的。这些结果表明,科学伦理是一种结构化的、以用户为中心的指导伦理智能系统设计的方法。
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引用次数: 9
期刊
Proceedings of the 31st European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics
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