Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1080/14616660110104814
Gary L. Brase, Rebecca L. Miller
Quid pro quo (QPQ) sexual harassment, in which sexual compliance is tied to some consequent behavior of the harassing party, can involve two types of social interactions: social exchanges or threats. Two experiments (N = 260) evaluated how QPQ sexual harassment statements were perceived as different types of social interactions due to the manipulation of three variables. Statements were predicted and found to be perceived differently across how they were posed (positive versus negative value statements), across surrounding work contexts (thriving versus failing), and across sex of the harassed perceiver. These differing perceptions also affected subsequent behaviors in reasoning about the harassment situation. Implications of these results are discussed, along with limitations and future research directions.
{"title":"Differences in the perception of and reasoning about quid pro quo sexual harassment","authors":"Gary L. Brase, Rebecca L. Miller","doi":"10.1080/14616660110104814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14616660110104814","url":null,"abstract":"Quid pro quo (QPQ) sexual harassment, in which sexual compliance is tied to some consequent behavior of the harassing party, can involve two types of social interactions: social exchanges or threats. Two experiments (N = 260) evaluated how QPQ sexual harassment statements were perceived as different types of social interactions due to the manipulation of three variables. Statements were predicted and found to be perceived differently across how they were posed (positive versus negative value statements), across surrounding work contexts (thriving versus failing), and across sex of the harassed perceiver. These differing perceptions also affected subsequent behaviors in reasoning about the harassment situation. Implications of these results are discussed, along with limitations and future research directions.","PeriodicalId":280659,"journal":{"name":"Psychology, Evolution & Gender","volume":"110 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134127075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1080/14616660010024409
J. P. Malcolm
There is confusion in research and clinical practice about married men who have sex with other men. They are seen variously as bisexuals, defensive homosexuals, or sex addicts. A series of survey-based investigations with 355 participants recruited through self-help groups, advertising, gay community contacts, and electronically via the Internet, explored processes of homosexual identify formation and psychological adjustment in these men. The population was found to have distinct subgroups, and processes of homosexual identity formation appeared understandable only by recourse to an underlying essentialist construct of sexual orientation. More homosexually oriented men manifested improved psychological adjustment following marital separation and this has implications for theoretical models of homosexuality and for prospective interventions with these men.
{"title":"Sexual identity development in behaviourally bisexual married men: Implications for essentialist theories of sexual orientation","authors":"J. P. Malcolm","doi":"10.1080/14616660010024409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14616660010024409","url":null,"abstract":"There is confusion in research and clinical practice about married men who have sex with other men. They are seen variously as bisexuals, defensive homosexuals, or sex addicts. A series of survey-based investigations with 355 participants recruited through self-help groups, advertising, gay community contacts, and electronically via the Internet, explored processes of homosexual identify formation and psychological adjustment in these men. The population was found to have distinct subgroups, and processes of homosexual identity formation appeared understandable only by recourse to an underlying essentialist construct of sexual orientation. More homosexually oriented men manifested improved psychological adjustment following marital separation and this has implications for theoretical models of homosexuality and for prospective interventions with these men.","PeriodicalId":280659,"journal":{"name":"Psychology, Evolution & Gender","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126572104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1080/14616660110104788
V. Grant
{"title":"'Dangerous' truth? Mealey, Segerstrale and the Nuffield Council Initiative","authors":"V. Grant","doi":"10.1080/14616660110104788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14616660110104788","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":280659,"journal":{"name":"Psychology, Evolution & Gender","volume":"320 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115227464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1080/14616660110054847
D. Luff
{"title":"Queers, dinosaurs and citizens: A review of Rethinking Sexuality by Diane Richardson","authors":"D. Luff","doi":"10.1080/14616660110054847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14616660110054847","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":280659,"journal":{"name":"Psychology, Evolution & Gender","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114269890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1080/14616660050082898
Louisa Shirley, A. Campbell
Current developmental theories of sex-typing suggest that children begin to play with same-sex others, and subsequently show a preference for sex-typed play after comprehending that they are themselves male or female. However, they neglect to explain how children show these preferences before labelling on the basis of sex, and why boys are more robust in their sex-typed behaviour. Further, there has been little attempt to investigate the possible beginnings of sex-typed behaviour in infancy, and no attempt to monitor preference for same-sex friends relative to sex-congruent activity preference. In this study, 3-month-old infants' sex-typed peer and activity preferences are investigated using a visual preference task. Both sexes preferred to attend to the male peers and these results are considered in an evolutionary context.
{"title":"Same-sex preference in infancy","authors":"Louisa Shirley, A. Campbell","doi":"10.1080/14616660050082898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14616660050082898","url":null,"abstract":"Current developmental theories of sex-typing suggest that children begin to play with same-sex others, and subsequently show a preference for sex-typed play after comprehending that they are themselves male or female. However, they neglect to explain how children show these preferences before labelling on the basis of sex, and why boys are more robust in their sex-typed behaviour. Further, there has been little attempt to investigate the possible beginnings of sex-typed behaviour in infancy, and no attempt to monitor preference for same-sex friends relative to sex-congruent activity preference. In this study, 3-month-old infants' sex-typed peer and activity preferences are investigated using a visual preference task. Both sexes preferred to attend to the male peers and these results are considered in an evolutionary context.","PeriodicalId":280659,"journal":{"name":"Psychology, Evolution & Gender","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122027647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1080/14616660010024580
M. Ross, Alan L. Wells
We argue that explanations of homosexual function in evolution have often been based on homosexual organization in Western societies and on modern homosexual subcultures. We suggest that if homosexual behaviour in humans did evolve in the past 3 million years of human development, we must seek its origin in the conditions of human organization of such times. Indian village society is one model that is available for examining homosexual exaptation. Here, homosexual behaviour is based on ability to have sex with males as well as with females, and marriage is related to family and social organization rather than sex. In such a system, sexual contact between males would have the advantages of promoting homosocial bonds in a male-dominated society, and of reducing rivalry over females. It may also have the advantage of providing acceptable sexual outlets given higher sexual drive or earlier sexual maturity in males. Thus, one explanation for the evolutionary development of homosexual behaviour is that it is an...
{"title":"The modernist fallacy in homosexual selection theories: Homosexual and homosocial exaptation in South Asian society","authors":"M. Ross, Alan L. Wells","doi":"10.1080/14616660010024580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14616660010024580","url":null,"abstract":"We argue that explanations of homosexual function in evolution have often been based on homosexual organization in Western societies and on modern homosexual subcultures. We suggest that if homosexual behaviour in humans did evolve in the past 3 million years of human development, we must seek its origin in the conditions of human organization of such times. Indian village society is one model that is available for examining homosexual exaptation. Here, homosexual behaviour is based on ability to have sex with males as well as with females, and marriage is related to family and social organization rather than sex. In such a system, sexual contact between males would have the advantages of promoting homosocial bonds in a male-dominated society, and of reducing rivalry over females. It may also have the advantage of providing acceptable sexual outlets given higher sexual drive or earlier sexual maturity in males. Thus, one explanation for the evolutionary development of homosexual behaviour is that it is an...","PeriodicalId":280659,"journal":{"name":"Psychology, Evolution & Gender","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132160164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1080/14616660110104797
P. Choi
{"title":"Genes and gender roles: Why is the nature argument so appealing?","authors":"P. Choi","doi":"10.1080/14616660110104797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14616660110104797","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":280659,"journal":{"name":"Psychology, Evolution & Gender","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133694232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1080/14616660110049573
R. Puhl, F. J. Boland
Introductory psychology students (120 females and 120 males) rated attractiveness and fecundity of one of six computer-altered female figures representing three body-weight categories (underweight, normal weight and overweight) and two levels of waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), one in the ideal range (0.72) and one in the non-ideal range (0.86). Both females and males judged underweight figures to be more attractive than normal or overweight figures, regardless of WHR. The female figure with the high WHR (0.86) was judged to be more attractive than the figure with the low WHR (0.72) across all body-weight conditions. Analyses of fecundity ratings revealed an interaction between weight and WHR such that the models did not differ in the normal weight category, but did differ in the underweight (model with WHR of 0.72 was less fecund) and overweight (model with WHR of 0.86 was more fecund) categories. These findings lend stronger support to sociocultural rather than evolutionary hypotheses.
{"title":"Predicting female physical attractiveness: Waist-to-hip ratio versus thinness","authors":"R. Puhl, F. J. Boland","doi":"10.1080/14616660110049573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14616660110049573","url":null,"abstract":"Introductory psychology students (120 females and 120 males) rated attractiveness and fecundity of one of six computer-altered female figures representing three body-weight categories (underweight, normal weight and overweight) and two levels of waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), one in the ideal range (0.72) and one in the non-ideal range (0.86). Both females and males judged underweight figures to be more attractive than normal or overweight figures, regardless of WHR. The female figure with the high WHR (0.86) was judged to be more attractive than the figure with the low WHR (0.72) across all body-weight conditions. Analyses of fecundity ratings revealed an interaction between weight and WHR such that the models did not differ in the normal weight category, but did differ in the underweight (model with WHR of 0.72 was less fecund) and overweight (model with WHR of 0.86 was more fecund) categories. These findings lend stronger support to sociocultural rather than evolutionary hypotheses.","PeriodicalId":280659,"journal":{"name":"Psychology, Evolution & Gender","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133290628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1080/14616660050082960
P. Nicolson
{"title":"Barriers to women's success: Are they natural or man-made?","authors":"P. Nicolson","doi":"10.1080/14616660050082960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14616660050082960","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":280659,"journal":{"name":"Psychology, Evolution & Gender","volume":"157 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114698317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1080/14616660110067384
A. Campbell
{"title":"X and Y: it's a jungle out there","authors":"A. Campbell","doi":"10.1080/14616660110067384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14616660110067384","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":280659,"journal":{"name":"Psychology, Evolution & Gender","volume":"80 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115772169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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