Vladimir Miruašvili, Aleksandr Haribegašvili, G. Kutelia
The article discusses various schematic diagrams of a reciprocating internal combustion engine (ICE) and shows their main disadvantages, in particular, low efficiency, which, depending on the type of modern ICE, ranges from 0.25 to 0.5. To increase this indicator, the search for more advanced ICE schemes continues. For this purpose, a new schematic diagram of a free-piston internal combustion engine (FPICE) is proposed, in which power is transferred by a hydraulic drive, as a result, the efficiency increases from 30 to 40%.
{"title":"Improving efficiency of internal combustion engine: Perspectives of application free piston engine in agricultural engineering","authors":"Vladimir Miruašvili, Aleksandr Haribegašvili, G. Kutelia","doi":"10.5937/poljteh2203067m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/poljteh2203067m","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses various schematic diagrams of a reciprocating internal combustion engine (ICE) and shows their main disadvantages, in particular, low efficiency, which, depending on the type of modern ICE, ranges from 0.25 to 0.5. To increase this indicator, the search for more advanced ICE schemes continues. For this purpose, a new schematic diagram of a free-piston internal combustion engine (FPICE) is proposed, in which power is transferred by a hydraulic drive, as a result, the efficiency increases from 30 to 40%.","PeriodicalId":281326,"journal":{"name":"Poljoprivredna tehnika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128001750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sunmola Abidemi, P. Tosin, Nwakuba Nnaemeka, Okosa Ikechukwu
The study examines the microbiological properties of cheese from soy milk as influenced by heat treatment durations and biological coagulant types. The soy milk was pasteurized at 65°C and subjected to further heat treatment for 15, 20, and 25 minutes with the addition of coagulants (lime juice, tamarind pulp and moringa seed paste) to respective samples and allowed to cool for 30 minutes before pressing out the whey. The initial properties of raw soy milk were determined to serve as control and the nine produced soy cheese samples were determined using a 3x3 factorial treatment design. The microbiological properties of the cheese were determined using standard methods. Results obtained were analyzed statistically to determine the influence of heat treatment duration and coagulant sample. The microbial analysis revealed that there was Coliform in soy cheese samples which were all less than 1.0 x 102 cfu/g except in F15, F20, and E25 which had 4.2 × 102 , 4.3 × 102 , and 2.1 × 102 cfu/g which are within the permissible limit of consumption. There were no Coliform bacteria in all samples except E15, F20, and F25 which had 1.6x103 , 1.4 x103 , and 4.0 x102 cfu/g, respectively which are also within the permissible limit of consumption. There was no yeast and mould growth on all the samples except E25 which is <1.0x102 cfu/g. This study is initiated to determine the effect of heat treatment and local coagulants on the microbial properties of Nigerian soft soy cheese. Hence, investigating the hygienic quality and safety of consuming the food product.
{"title":"Influence of heat treatment duration and biological coagulant types on the microbiological properties of Nigerian soft soy cheese","authors":"Sunmola Abidemi, P. Tosin, Nwakuba Nnaemeka, Okosa Ikechukwu","doi":"10.5937/poljteh2201034a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/poljteh2201034a","url":null,"abstract":"The study examines the microbiological properties of cheese from soy milk as influenced by heat treatment durations and biological coagulant types. The soy milk was pasteurized at 65°C and subjected to further heat treatment for 15, 20, and 25 minutes with the addition of coagulants (lime juice, tamarind pulp and moringa seed paste) to respective samples and allowed to cool for 30 minutes before pressing out the whey. The initial properties of raw soy milk were determined to serve as control and the nine produced soy cheese samples were determined using a 3x3 factorial treatment design. The microbiological properties of the cheese were determined using standard methods. Results obtained were analyzed statistically to determine the influence of heat treatment duration and coagulant sample. The microbial analysis revealed that there was Coliform in soy cheese samples which were all less than 1.0 x 102 cfu/g except in F15, F20, and E25 which had 4.2 × 102 , 4.3 × 102 , and 2.1 × 102 cfu/g which are within the permissible limit of consumption. There were no Coliform bacteria in all samples except E15, F20, and F25 which had 1.6x103 , 1.4 x103 , and 4.0 x102 cfu/g, respectively which are also within the permissible limit of consumption. There was no yeast and mould growth on all the samples except E25 which is <1.0x102 cfu/g. This study is initiated to determine the effect of heat treatment and local coagulants on the microbial properties of Nigerian soft soy cheese. Hence, investigating the hygienic quality and safety of consuming the food product.","PeriodicalId":281326,"journal":{"name":"Poljoprivredna tehnika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121094803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Information on physical properties of cocoyam is essential for efficient development of equipment / machines for its processing. In this work, some physical properties of Taro Cocoyam (Colocassia esculenta) were investigated using standard engineering principles. The results revealed that average length, width, thickness and unit mass obtained at the sample moisture content of 70.50 ± 3.8% (w.b.) were 63.67 ± 12.91 mm, 31.88 ± 5.99 mm, 34.27 ± 6.12 mm and 52.65 ± 22.59g, respectively. The values of computed geometric mean, arithmetic mean, square mean and equivalent diameters were 40.88 ± 6.55 mm, 43.27 ± 6.79 mm, 41.88 ± 6.62 mm and 42.01 ± 6.65 mm, respectively. The value of the sample distribution skewness was -0.29. The aspect ratio, sphericity, surface area, volume, solid density, bulk density, porosity and angle of repose were 0.55 ±0.13 (dec.), 65.46 ±10.26%, 5384.85 ±1646.64 mm2 , 38449.90 ±16926.30 mm3 , 0.0014 ± 0.0003 g / mm3 , 0.00085 ± 0.00015 g / mm3 , 60.7 ± 8.40% and 32.15 ± 4.510 , respectively. The coefficient of static friction on plywood, glass and galvanized iron surfaces were 0.22 ± 0.045, 0.15 ± 0.045 and 0.19± 0.046, respectively. The values of coefficient of variation for all the parameters, except unit mass, were low. This implies that the data were uniformly dispersed around their average values.
有关椰子物理特性的信息对于有效开发椰子加工设备/机器至关重要。本文采用标准工程原理研究了芋头的一些物理性质。结果表明，在样品含水量为70.50±3.8% (w.b.)时，样品的平均长度为63.67±12.91 mm，宽度为31.88±5.99 mm，厚度为34.27±6.12 mm，单位质量为52.65±22.59g。计算几何平均值、算术平均值、均数和等效直径分别为40.88±6.55 mm、43.27±6.79 mm、41.88±6.62 mm和42.01±6.65 mm。样本分布偏度的值为-0.29。长宽比、球度、表面积、体积、固体密度、容重、孔隙度和休止角分别为0.55±0.13(12.0%)、65.46±10.26%、5384.85±1646.64 mm2、38449.90±16926.30 mm3、0.0014±0.0003 g / mm3、0.00085±0.00015 g / mm3、60.7±8.40%和32.15±4.510。胶合板、玻璃和镀锌铁表面的静摩擦系数分别为0.22±0.045、0.15±0.045和0.19±0.046。除单位质量外，各参数的变异系数均较低。这意味着数据均匀地分布在它们的平均值周围。
{"title":"Some physical properties of taro cocoyam relevant to the design of its processing machines","authors":"E. Ubong, P. Tosin","doi":"10.5937/poljteh2204048a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/poljteh2204048a","url":null,"abstract":"Information on physical properties of cocoyam is essential for efficient development of equipment / machines for its processing. In this work, some physical properties of Taro Cocoyam (Colocassia esculenta) were investigated using standard engineering principles. The results revealed that average length, width, thickness and unit mass obtained at the sample moisture content of 70.50 ± 3.8% (w.b.) were 63.67 ± 12.91 mm, 31.88 ± 5.99 mm, 34.27 ± 6.12 mm and 52.65 ± 22.59g, respectively. The values of computed geometric mean, arithmetic mean, square mean and equivalent diameters were 40.88 ± 6.55 mm, 43.27 ± 6.79 mm, 41.88 ± 6.62 mm and 42.01 ± 6.65 mm, respectively. The value of the sample distribution skewness was -0.29. The aspect ratio, sphericity, surface area, volume, solid density, bulk density, porosity and angle of repose were 0.55 ±0.13 (dec.), 65.46 ±10.26%, 5384.85 ±1646.64 mm2 , 38449.90 ±16926.30 mm3 , 0.0014 ± 0.0003 g / mm3 , 0.00085 ± 0.00015 g / mm3 , 60.7 ± 8.40% and 32.15 ± 4.510 , respectively. The coefficient of static friction on plywood, glass and galvanized iron surfaces were 0.22 ± 0.045, 0.15 ± 0.045 and 0.19± 0.046, respectively. The values of coefficient of variation for all the parameters, except unit mass, were low. This implies that the data were uniformly dispersed around their average values.","PeriodicalId":281326,"journal":{"name":"Poljoprivredna tehnika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121287802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bioremediation technologies are an environmentally friendly approach for the treatment of polluted soils. This review take a look at the various remediation efforts by various scientist to ameliorate the effect of crude oil contamination on the environment. Contamination of the total environment (air, soil, water and biota) by crude oil has become a paramount interest in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. With the frequent reports of oil spillages in the Niger Delta area, there is need to seek for a cost effective method for remediation of crude oil impacted soils. Studies have revealed variable impacts of oil toxicity on the environment and exposed populations. Soil contamination is caused mainly by the leakage of underground storage tanks and pipes. The most common conventional method for the remediation of contaminated soils is excavation followed by landfilling or incineration and other technologies that have been widely practiced. Contaminated sites pose a threat to human life due to severe health problems caused by adverse health effects from exposure to soil contamination. Once it is being detected, assessment strategies, type of sampling, chemical analyses, evaluation of parameters and its effect must be done. Several technologies and parameters have been developed to treat petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil but the problem still exists.
{"title":"A review of bioreremediation of hydrocarbon contaminated soils in Niger Delta area of Nigeria","authors":"P. Ehiomogue, I. Ahuchaogu, Edwin Ahaneku","doi":"10.5937/poljteh2103023p","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/poljteh2103023p","url":null,"abstract":"Bioremediation technologies are an environmentally friendly approach for the treatment of polluted soils. This review take a look at the various remediation efforts by various scientist to ameliorate the effect of crude oil contamination on the environment. Contamination of the total environment (air, soil, water and biota) by crude oil has become a paramount interest in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. With the frequent reports of oil spillages in the Niger Delta area, there is need to seek for a cost effective method for remediation of crude oil impacted soils. Studies have revealed variable impacts of oil toxicity on the environment and exposed populations. Soil contamination is caused mainly by the leakage of underground storage tanks and pipes. The most common conventional method for the remediation of contaminated soils is excavation followed by landfilling or incineration and other technologies that have been widely practiced. Contaminated sites pose a threat to human life due to severe health problems caused by adverse health effects from exposure to soil contamination. Once it is being detected, assessment strategies, type of sampling, chemical analyses, evaluation of parameters and its effect must be done. Several technologies and parameters have been developed to treat petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil but the problem still exists.","PeriodicalId":281326,"journal":{"name":"Poljoprivredna tehnika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121317274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Profit maximization in the agricultural sector should go in the direction that will enable agricultural products to be marketed through a realistic distribution channel. This applies in particular to the distribution channel of the food supply. In addition, the food distribution system should focus on the dominant observation of the production of food produced inland. Food distribution should take into account market competition, distribution and logistics costs, the existence of unequal quantities of food shipments, etc. That is why it is of great importance to adopt realistic models that will appreciate modern innovative ways of logistics that will help real food distribution. In addition, up-to-date information and communication technologies should be respected to support such distribution approaches. This paper draws attention to the importance of implementing a possible new food distribution model based on an innovative approach.
{"title":"Innovative solution in the modeling of food distribution channels as a factor of successful organization of agricultural production","authors":"Stojanka Radović","doi":"10.5937/poljteh2003038r","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/poljteh2003038r","url":null,"abstract":"Profit maximization in the agricultural sector should go in the direction that will enable agricultural products to be marketed through a realistic distribution channel. This applies in particular to the distribution channel of the food supply. In addition, the food distribution system should focus on the dominant observation of the production of food produced inland. Food distribution should take into account market competition, distribution and logistics costs, the existence of unequal quantities of food shipments, etc. That is why it is of great importance to adopt realistic models that will appreciate modern innovative ways of logistics that will help real food distribution. In addition, up-to-date information and communication technologies should be respected to support such distribution approaches. This paper draws attention to the importance of implementing a possible new food distribution model based on an innovative approach.","PeriodicalId":281326,"journal":{"name":"Poljoprivredna tehnika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115775990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Egyptian clover (Trifolium alexandrinum) is the main and oldest cultivated winter forage leguminous crop in Egypt. It occupies about one third of the cultivated area with average of 1.63 million Feddan (Feddan= 4200 m2 ). With an estimated productivity of about 42.03 million tons of green fodder [7]. In last years, the forage mower conditioner machine used in Egypt to cutting the Egyptian clover crops. The mean objectives of the current research were evaluated the new and wear blades attached in the rotary drum mower conditioner. As well as, study the effect of new and wear blades on the productivity of green fodder under local conditions. The current research carried out in the Sakha Research Station, Egypt during session 2016/2017. The drum mower conditioner was operated by tractor to cut the Berseem Egyptian clover forage crops (Sacha-4) at three different moisture content 65.4%, 57.3 and 46.2 % (d.b.) at second cutting of Berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum). The results indicated that, the average maximum value was 4.96 ton/fed compared with 2.42 ton / fed for Alfalfa moisture content 56.3 %. This result indicated that the wear old blade or wear knife may be going to reduce the productivity as 49.9%. The average maximum value of fuel consumption was 23.04 l/fad compared to 15.4 l/fed for Berseem Egyptian clover forage crops (Sacha-4) moisture content 65.7 %. This result indicated that the old blade or wear knife may be going consumed low values of fuel consumption per L/fed. This result indicated that the old blade or wear knife may be going reduce the PTO power. The average values of clover forage crops of power requirement were 28.83 hp, 24.9 hp, and 25.0 hp for old knife compared with 47.67 hp, 39.8 hp and 38.27 hp for new blade at 65.7 %, 57.3 % and 46.2 % moisture content respectively. The aim of the present research is evaluated the performance of new and wear blades attached in the rotary drum mower conditioner. As well as, study the effect of new and old blades on the productivity of green fodder under local conditions.
埃及三叶草(Trifolium alexandrinum)是埃及种植的主要和最古老的冬季饲料豆科作物。约占耕地面积的三分之一，平均为163万费丹(费丹= 4200平方米)。估计产量约为4203万吨青饲料[7]。在过去的几年里，草料割草机在埃及用于切割埃及三叶草作物。本研究的平均目标是评估新叶片和磨损叶片附加在转鼓割草机的调节。同时，研究了当地条件下新叶片和磨损叶片对青饲料产量的影响。目前的研究在2016/2017年期间在埃及萨哈研究站进行。在拖拉机的驱动下，采用滚筒式割草机对三种不同含水率(65.4%、57.3%和46.2%)的埃及三叶草牧草(Sacha-4)进行二次刈割。结果表明，紫花苜蓿含水率为56.3%时，平均最大值为2.42 t /饲料，平均最大值为4.96 t /饲料;结果表明，磨损旧刃或磨损刀可能会使生产率降低49.9%。水分含量为65.7%的埃及三叶草饲料作物(Sacha-4)的平均耗油量最大值为15.4 l/饲料，平均耗油量最大值为23.04 l/饲料。这一结果表明，旧叶片或磨损叶片可能会消耗较低的油耗值。结果表明，旧刀或磨损刀可能会降低PTO功率。在水分含量为65.7%、57.3%和46.2%的条件下，三叶草饲料作物需要量的平均值分别为旧刀的28.83、24.9和25.0 hp和新刀的47.67、39.8和38.27 hp。本文对转鼓式割草机的新叶片和磨损叶片进行了性能评价。同时，研究了当地条件下新旧叶片对青饲料产量的影响。
{"title":"A study of rotary drum mower blade wear and its effects on forage productivity","authors":"M. El-Baily","doi":"10.5937/poljteh2203087e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/poljteh2203087e","url":null,"abstract":"Egyptian clover (Trifolium alexandrinum) is the main and oldest cultivated winter forage leguminous crop in Egypt. It occupies about one third of the cultivated area with average of 1.63 million Feddan (Feddan= 4200 m2 ). With an estimated productivity of about 42.03 million tons of green fodder [7]. In last years, the forage mower conditioner machine used in Egypt to cutting the Egyptian clover crops. The mean objectives of the current research were evaluated the new and wear blades attached in the rotary drum mower conditioner. As well as, study the effect of new and wear blades on the productivity of green fodder under local conditions. The current research carried out in the Sakha Research Station, Egypt during session 2016/2017. The drum mower conditioner was operated by tractor to cut the Berseem Egyptian clover forage crops (Sacha-4) at three different moisture content 65.4%, 57.3 and 46.2 % (d.b.) at second cutting of Berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum). The results indicated that, the average maximum value was 4.96 ton/fed compared with 2.42 ton / fed for Alfalfa moisture content 56.3 %. This result indicated that the wear old blade or wear knife may be going to reduce the productivity as 49.9%. The average maximum value of fuel consumption was 23.04 l/fad compared to 15.4 l/fed for Berseem Egyptian clover forage crops (Sacha-4) moisture content 65.7 %. This result indicated that the old blade or wear knife may be going consumed low values of fuel consumption per L/fed. This result indicated that the old blade or wear knife may be going reduce the PTO power. The average values of clover forage crops of power requirement were 28.83 hp, 24.9 hp, and 25.0 hp for old knife compared with 47.67 hp, 39.8 hp and 38.27 hp for new blade at 65.7 %, 57.3 % and 46.2 % moisture content respectively. The aim of the present research is evaluated the performance of new and wear blades attached in the rotary drum mower conditioner. As well as, study the effect of new and old blades on the productivity of green fodder under local conditions.","PeriodicalId":281326,"journal":{"name":"Poljoprivredna tehnika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115821705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Nwankwojike, O. Onwuka, O. Egwuagu, E. Chibuike
This study involves development and integration of a rotary vacuum drum filter to an existing milling and sieving machine to enable full mechanized/continuous milling, sieving, dewatering and water recycling operation in slurry starch production from cereal grains. The resulting milling-sieving-dewatering machine consists of a water dispenser, burr mill, screw press-sieve, rotary drum, 0.5hp 65 kPa vacuum pump and 4.5 HP electric motor as major components that were sequentially assembled to enable flow of material by gravity. This integrated machine operates with an average throughput and extraction efficiency of 70.44 kg/hr and 98.48% respectively while 31.52% constitutes the average moisture content of slurry starch cake processed with it. The innovation induced over 5.39 hours saving and 10% reduction in moisture content of the slurry starch while retaining less than 2% food loss associated with its seed machine. Thereby improving the shelf life/storage potential and mobility of the processed grain slurry starch cake. Water consumption during grain slurry starch production was drastically reduced with this machine because it recycles the water drained after dewatering back to its dispenser for milling and sieving. It also reduced drudgery and improved hygiene through elimination of human contact involved in loading/discharging of intermediate processed grain among the three most strenuous and time consuming unit operations in grain slurry starch processing. Therefore, the recommendation of this novel milling-sieving-dewatering machine for effective grain slurry starch production.
{"title":"Development and performance evaluation of integrated milling-sieving-dewatering machine for grain slurry starch production","authors":"B. Nwankwojike, O. Onwuka, O. Egwuagu, E. Chibuike","doi":"10.5937/poljteh2201053b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/poljteh2201053b","url":null,"abstract":"This study involves development and integration of a rotary vacuum drum filter to an existing milling and sieving machine to enable full mechanized/continuous milling, sieving, dewatering and water recycling operation in slurry starch production from cereal grains. The resulting milling-sieving-dewatering machine consists of a water dispenser, burr mill, screw press-sieve, rotary drum, 0.5hp 65 kPa vacuum pump and 4.5 HP electric motor as major components that were sequentially assembled to enable flow of material by gravity. This integrated machine operates with an average throughput and extraction efficiency of 70.44 kg/hr and 98.48% respectively while 31.52% constitutes the average moisture content of slurry starch cake processed with it. The innovation induced over 5.39 hours saving and 10% reduction in moisture content of the slurry starch while retaining less than 2% food loss associated with its seed machine. Thereby improving the shelf life/storage potential and mobility of the processed grain slurry starch cake. Water consumption during grain slurry starch production was drastically reduced with this machine because it recycles the water drained after dewatering back to its dispenser for milling and sieving. It also reduced drudgery and improved hygiene through elimination of human contact involved in loading/discharging of intermediate processed grain among the three most strenuous and time consuming unit operations in grain slurry starch processing. Therefore, the recommendation of this novel milling-sieving-dewatering machine for effective grain slurry starch production.","PeriodicalId":281326,"journal":{"name":"Poljoprivredna tehnika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117148851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Ekpo, L. Orakwe, Ndamzi Tom-Cyprain, C. Umobi, John Maduegbuna
Climatic conditions and geologic formations have been found to influence the nature of soils formed. Therefore, this study seeks to study the physical and chemical properties of the soils derived from the different geologic formations of a typical West African rainforest agroecological zone. 90 soil samples were generated from the field using standard field procedures. Standard laboratory method was used in carrying out the physico-chemical analysis of the collected soil samples. The results obtained showed the range of some selected soil properties coarse sand (32.25 to 61.62), fine sand (18.17 to 29.87%), total sand (62.22 to 85.93), silt (2.88 to 19.86%), Clay (10.3 to 18.46%), the structural code (1.77 to 3.77), porosity (50.55 to 61.20%), permeability (2.98 to 9.27 cm/hr), bulk density (1.35 to 1.57g/cm3 ) and a permeability class (1.77 to 2.87 cm/hr), pH (5.22 to 5.62), organic matter (5.17 to 6.60%), available phosphorus (19.43 to 28.37%), calcium (4.98 to 19.11%), magnesium (1.39 to 3.34%), sodium (0.06 to 2.8%), potassium (0.04 to 0.29%) and ECEC (8.96 to 17.14 Cmolc/kg). The results indicate the different physico-chemical properties of the formed from the different geologic formation of the study area. There is no statistical difference on the soils across the depth of the each geologic formation. The results obtained show that geologic formation have impact on the physicochemical properties of the soils. The results obtained in this research can served as a guide in soil management, utilization and conservation.
{"title":"Physico-chemical properties of soils derived from different geologic formations in typical rainfall agro-ecological zone","authors":"A. Ekpo, L. Orakwe, Ndamzi Tom-Cyprain, C. Umobi, John Maduegbuna","doi":"10.5937/poljteh2301016e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/poljteh2301016e","url":null,"abstract":"Climatic conditions and geologic formations have been found to influence the nature of soils formed. Therefore, this study seeks to study the physical and chemical properties of the soils derived from the different geologic formations of a typical West African rainforest agroecological zone. 90 soil samples were generated from the field using standard field procedures. Standard laboratory method was used in carrying out the physico-chemical analysis of the collected soil samples. The results obtained showed the range of some selected soil properties coarse sand (32.25 to 61.62), fine sand (18.17 to 29.87%), total sand (62.22 to 85.93), silt (2.88 to 19.86%), Clay (10.3 to 18.46%), the structural code (1.77 to 3.77), porosity (50.55 to 61.20%), permeability (2.98 to 9.27 cm/hr), bulk density (1.35 to 1.57g/cm3 ) and a permeability class (1.77 to 2.87 cm/hr), pH (5.22 to 5.62), organic matter (5.17 to 6.60%), available phosphorus (19.43 to 28.37%), calcium (4.98 to 19.11%), magnesium (1.39 to 3.34%), sodium (0.06 to 2.8%), potassium (0.04 to 0.29%) and ECEC (8.96 to 17.14 Cmolc/kg). The results indicate the different physico-chemical properties of the formed from the different geologic formation of the study area. There is no statistical difference on the soils across the depth of the each geologic formation. The results obtained show that geologic formation have impact on the physicochemical properties of the soils. The results obtained in this research can served as a guide in soil management, utilization and conservation.","PeriodicalId":281326,"journal":{"name":"Poljoprivredna tehnika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126497854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A novel continuous process milling-sieving machine specially developed recently for processing Bambara nut to flour was assessed for economic viability in this study with multi-criteria cost-benefit analysis measures in order to advance its acceptance and commercialization. This involved determination and assessment of its payback period, accounting rate of return, net present value and benefit cost ratio using the prevailing economic indicators/market prices of materials in Abia State of Nigeria between January and December, 2020. The decision measures applied include that the payback period of this machine must be less than its expected useful life of ten years and its benefit cost ratio must be greater than one. In addition, the investment's rate of return must be greater than the upper limits of Nigerian banks' lending and fixed deposit interest rates in order to justify its possible funding from personal savings and bank credits. Results showed that this innovation is economically viable due to its payback period of 1.5years and benefit cost ratio of 1.69 are as desired. Also the 46.89% accounting rate of return of this machinery outweighed Nigerian banks maximum fixed deposits return of 17% and prime lending rate of 29%. Thus, adoption of this novel milling-sieving machine is recommended for Bambara flour production because of its positive economic potential.
{"title":"Economic viability assessment of Bambara nut milling-sieving machine","authors":"I. Ikechukwu, B. Nwankwojike, Ibiam Abam","doi":"10.5937/poljteh2201090i","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/poljteh2201090i","url":null,"abstract":"A novel continuous process milling-sieving machine specially developed recently for processing Bambara nut to flour was assessed for economic viability in this study with multi-criteria cost-benefit analysis measures in order to advance its acceptance and commercialization. This involved determination and assessment of its payback period, accounting rate of return, net present value and benefit cost ratio using the prevailing economic indicators/market prices of materials in Abia State of Nigeria between January and December, 2020. The decision measures applied include that the payback period of this machine must be less than its expected useful life of ten years and its benefit cost ratio must be greater than one. In addition, the investment's rate of return must be greater than the upper limits of Nigerian banks' lending and fixed deposit interest rates in order to justify its possible funding from personal savings and bank credits. Results showed that this innovation is economically viable due to its payback period of 1.5years and benefit cost ratio of 1.69 are as desired. Also the 46.89% accounting rate of return of this machinery outweighed Nigerian banks maximum fixed deposits return of 17% and prime lending rate of 29%. Thus, adoption of this novel milling-sieving machine is recommended for Bambara flour production because of its positive economic potential.","PeriodicalId":281326,"journal":{"name":"Poljoprivredna tehnika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125853282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Marković, R. Koprivica, B. Veljković, M. Gavrilović, D. Vujičić, U. Pešović, Siniša Ranđić
Losses in the production of oilseed rape can occur before harvest, caused by the spontaneous opening of mature pods and the fall of seeds on the ground. Different seed pods, among other things, ripen on the same plant at different times. So, in the cultivation of similar crops, one of the most critical moments is determining the right time for harvesting, because late harvest implies overripeness and opening of the shell, which leads to seed spoilage, losses and mechanical damage during threshing. One way of monitoring seed shedding and thus potential losses is by placing a container between rows of oilseed rape plants and monitor the number of seeds that fall from open shells. The presented model of the system, which consists of sensor devices with associated cameras, positioned above the position, has a function to transmit images of the current state. Central to this paper is an image analysis application that can be performed near sites on computer-aided devices within Fog Computing. In this way, the results of the analysis of images on the number of seeds in the container are obtained almost immediately and can be forwarded to the Cloud platform or directly to the user who will take appropriate action. By obtaining timely information on the number of scattered seeds, it is possible to organize the harvest in an optimal way in order to avoid losses and prevent over-ripeness of oilseed rape.
{"title":"Detection of oil rape seed losses before harvest by Image analysis within Fog computing","authors":"D. Marković, R. Koprivica, B. Veljković, M. Gavrilović, D. Vujičić, U. Pešović, Siniša Ranđić","doi":"10.5937/poljteh2204028m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/poljteh2204028m","url":null,"abstract":"Losses in the production of oilseed rape can occur before harvest, caused by the spontaneous opening of mature pods and the fall of seeds on the ground. Different seed pods, among other things, ripen on the same plant at different times. So, in the cultivation of similar crops, one of the most critical moments is determining the right time for harvesting, because late harvest implies overripeness and opening of the shell, which leads to seed spoilage, losses and mechanical damage during threshing. One way of monitoring seed shedding and thus potential losses is by placing a container between rows of oilseed rape plants and monitor the number of seeds that fall from open shells. The presented model of the system, which consists of sensor devices with associated cameras, positioned above the position, has a function to transmit images of the current state. Central to this paper is an image analysis application that can be performed near sites on computer-aided devices within Fog Computing. In this way, the results of the analysis of images on the number of seeds in the container are obtained almost immediately and can be forwarded to the Cloud platform or directly to the user who will take appropriate action. By obtaining timely information on the number of scattered seeds, it is possible to organize the harvest in an optimal way in order to avoid losses and prevent over-ripeness of oilseed rape.","PeriodicalId":281326,"journal":{"name":"Poljoprivredna tehnika","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133957779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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