Abstract:This essay surveys the archeological understanding of Chavín de Huántar (900 BC-AD 0) conducting an inquiry into the means of intelligibility offered by archeology and finding that without the deployment of Inca civilization categories of huaca, ayllu, tinku, and others, Chavín would remain shrouded in darkness. Here, I delve into the problematic question of the consumption of the mescaline cactus San Pedro with regard to the art and meaning of Chavín. This article brings up five key problems pertaining to our understanding of Chavín. First, was Chavín a huaca/oracle? What is the link between monumental architecture and "religion?" How is religious authority acquired and deployed in the Andes? How do we interpret Chavín's art and architecture without deploying Inca cosmology? Of what does Chavín's iconography speak?
摘要:本文考察了对Chavín de Huántar(公元前900年-公元0年)的考古认识，并对考古学提供的理解手段进行了探讨，发现如果没有华卡、ayllu、tinku等印加文明类别的部署，Chavín将仍然笼罩在黑暗之中。在这里，我深入研究了食用墨斯卡林仙人掌圣佩德罗与Chavín的艺术和意义有关的问题。本文提出了与我们对Chavín的理解有关的五个关键问题。首先，Chavín是一个花卡/神谕吗?纪念性建筑与“宗教”之间的联系是什么?宗教权威是如何在安第斯山脉获得和部署的?我们如何在不运用印加宇宙观的情况下解读Chavín的艺术和建筑?Chavín的图像说明了什么?
{"title":"Chavín: How Do We Understand Thee? An Inquiry into the Jaguar and the San Pedro Cactus","authors":"Sara Castro-klaren","doi":"10.1353/rvs.2021.0041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/rvs.2021.0041","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This essay surveys the archeological understanding of Chavín de Huántar (900 BC-AD 0) conducting an inquiry into the means of intelligibility offered by archeology and finding that without the deployment of Inca civilization categories of huaca, ayllu, tinku, and others, Chavín would remain shrouded in darkness. Here, I delve into the problematic question of the consumption of the mescaline cactus San Pedro with regard to the art and meaning of Chavín. This article brings up five key problems pertaining to our understanding of Chavín. First, was Chavín a huaca/oracle? What is the link between monumental architecture and \"religion?\" How is religious authority acquired and deployed in the Andes? How do we interpret Chavín's art and architecture without deploying Inca cosmology? Of what does Chavín's iconography speak?","PeriodicalId":281386,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Estudios Hispánicos","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114012720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"La memoria de los otros. Relatos y resignificaciones de la Transición española en la novela actual by Violeta Ros Ferrer (review)","authors":"Irene Domingo","doi":"10.1353/rvs.2021.0055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/rvs.2021.0055","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":281386,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Estudios Hispánicos","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114511582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This article examines the appropriation of Andean cultural models among Nasa activists of the Consejo Regional Indígena del Cauca (CRIC) in Colombia. Culturally, the Nasa have little to do with Andean communities, being much more similar to the cultures of the peoples of the Amazonian lowlands in their oral traditions and their lifeways. Beginning in the 1990s, Nasa intellectuals began to conduct research into what they called cosmovision and, as a result of cultural exchanges with Andean researchers from Ecuador and Bolivia, adopted lo andino as a political strategy that allowed them to imagine a desired future. This brief essay inquires into how appropriate it is to include Colombia—and more specifically, Colombian Native peoples—in the Andean cultural sphere, and then proceeds to examine how Nasa intellectuals have appropriated Andean cultural motifs.
摘要:本文考察了安第斯文化模式在哥伦比亚康赛乔地区Indígena del Cauca (CRIC)的Nasa活动家中的挪用。在文化上，美国国家航空航天局与安第斯社区关系不大，在口头传统和生活方式上与亚马逊低地人民的文化更相似。从20世纪90年代开始，美国国家航空航天局的知识分子开始研究他们所谓的“宇宙观”，并与来自厄瓜多尔和玻利维亚的安第斯研究人员进行文化交流，将“火星”作为一种政治策略，使他们能够想象一个理想的未来。这篇简短的文章探讨了将哥伦比亚——更具体地说，哥伦比亚土著人民——纳入安第斯文化领域的合适程度，然后继续研究美国宇航局的知识分子是如何挪用安第斯文化主题的。
{"title":"Is Colombia Andean? Depends Who's Talking","authors":"J. Rappaport","doi":"10.1353/rvs.2021.0050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/rvs.2021.0050","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article examines the appropriation of Andean cultural models among Nasa activists of the Consejo Regional Indígena del Cauca (CRIC) in Colombia. Culturally, the Nasa have little to do with Andean communities, being much more similar to the cultures of the peoples of the Amazonian lowlands in their oral traditions and their lifeways. Beginning in the 1990s, Nasa intellectuals began to conduct research into what they called cosmovision and, as a result of cultural exchanges with Andean researchers from Ecuador and Bolivia, adopted lo andino as a political strategy that allowed them to imagine a desired future. This brief essay inquires into how appropriate it is to include Colombia—and more specifically, Colombian Native peoples—in the Andean cultural sphere, and then proceeds to examine how Nasa intellectuals have appropriated Andean cultural motifs.","PeriodicalId":281386,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Estudios Hispánicos","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125529592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Book In Movement: Autonomous Politics and the Lettered City Underground by Magalí Rabasa (review)","authors":"Jane D. Griffin","doi":"10.1353/rvs.2021.0056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/rvs.2021.0056","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":281386,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Estudios Hispánicos","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122426194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:We are adept readers of the fifty some exiemplos of Don Juan Manuel's fourteenth-century El Conde Lucanor; these exempla and the prologue that precedes them constitute a classic of medieval Spanish literature. This article analyzes the proverb books in this work, Books II-IV, to argue that the lack of studies on these sections amounts to a reading problem—or, more precisely, a failure to conceive of reading and the way meaning is produced and conveyed to readers in an appropriately ample sense. I begin with the familiar corteza y meollo hermeneutic to examine not what the proverbs mean but how they mean and through what processes they convey meaning. These processes include an uncovering, two-part hermeneutic: conveying meaning as though by accident or revelation; and through sonority, or by means of confusion via the combination of literal instances and metaphoric interpretation in which the metaphoric is the easier meaning to comprehend. Medieval readers may have read with a single goal, such as finding the author's intended meaning, engaging in the author's intended reading process, or locating what was most personally useful in that reading. However, a reader's purpose may instead have been dual, multiple, or undetermined; indeed, experiencing meaning in reading may have even meant going nowhere or failing to take away any content in particular.
{"title":"Meaning and Reading in the Proverbs of El Conde Lucanor","authors":"Heather Bamford","doi":"10.1353/rvs.2021.0039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/rvs.2021.0039","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:We are adept readers of the fifty some exiemplos of Don Juan Manuel's fourteenth-century El Conde Lucanor; these exempla and the prologue that precedes them constitute a classic of medieval Spanish literature. This article analyzes the proverb books in this work, Books II-IV, to argue that the lack of studies on these sections amounts to a reading problem—or, more precisely, a failure to conceive of reading and the way meaning is produced and conveyed to readers in an appropriately ample sense. I begin with the familiar corteza y meollo hermeneutic to examine not what the proverbs mean but how they mean and through what processes they convey meaning. These processes include an uncovering, two-part hermeneutic: conveying meaning as though by accident or revelation; and through sonority, or by means of confusion via the combination of literal instances and metaphoric interpretation in which the metaphoric is the easier meaning to comprehend. Medieval readers may have read with a single goal, such as finding the author's intended meaning, engaging in the author's intended reading process, or locating what was most personally useful in that reading. However, a reader's purpose may instead have been dual, multiple, or undetermined; indeed, experiencing meaning in reading may have even meant going nowhere or failing to take away any content in particular.","PeriodicalId":281386,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Estudios Hispánicos","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126352702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This article studies the practices of drinking, drunkenness, and making sense of these experiences through narrative in an Andean urban context, specifically in the chronicles of Víctor Hugo Viscarra. The study places these practices in the context of historical and anthropological studies of drinking in the Andean region, from colonial times until the present, outlining remarkable continuities between the sixteenth and the twenty-first centuries. Different functions of drinking and drunkenness are addressed: questioning authority, influencing social bonds, and searching for knowledge through near-death experience and the communication with the otherworldly. Drinking practices emerge as central to understanding the experience of marginality in an Andean urban context. The use of el hampa boliviano—the oral and local linguistic variant used by the marginalized in La Paz—in these written narratives is key for making sense of the drinking practices and for construction of a loosely articulated collectivity, which challenges the colonial categories of caste in Andean society and redeploys, with a decolonial potential, the Marxian category of Lumpenproletariat. While acknowledging the motley sexual, racial, and gender identities that constitute it, Viscarra's chronicles evoke a specific collectivity of an Andean city, defined by poverty and marginality, shared drinking practices, and common language use.
{"title":"\"Vida de artistas\": La borrachera andina en el ámbito del hampa boliviano","authors":"I. Feldman","doi":"10.1353/rvs.2021.0045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/rvs.2021.0045","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article studies the practices of drinking, drunkenness, and making sense of these experiences through narrative in an Andean urban context, specifically in the chronicles of Víctor Hugo Viscarra. The study places these practices in the context of historical and anthropological studies of drinking in the Andean region, from colonial times until the present, outlining remarkable continuities between the sixteenth and the twenty-first centuries. Different functions of drinking and drunkenness are addressed: questioning authority, influencing social bonds, and searching for knowledge through near-death experience and the communication with the otherworldly. Drinking practices emerge as central to understanding the experience of marginality in an Andean urban context. The use of el hampa boliviano—the oral and local linguistic variant used by the marginalized in La Paz—in these written narratives is key for making sense of the drinking practices and for construction of a loosely articulated collectivity, which challenges the colonial categories of caste in Andean society and redeploys, with a decolonial potential, the Marxian category of Lumpenproletariat. While acknowledging the motley sexual, racial, and gender identities that constitute it, Viscarra's chronicles evoke a specific collectivity of an Andean city, defined by poverty and marginality, shared drinking practices, and common language use.","PeriodicalId":281386,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Estudios Hispánicos","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114406977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Forgotten Futures, Colonized Pasts: Transnational Collaboration in Nineteenth-Century Greater Mexico by Cara Anne Kinnally (review)","authors":"Ty West","doi":"10.1353/rvs.2021.0062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/rvs.2021.0062","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":281386,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Estudios Hispánicos","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125259941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Visiones de los Andes: Ensayos críticos sobre el concepto de paisaje y región ed. by Ximena Briceño and Jorge Coronado (review)","authors":"Jack D. Martínez Arias","doi":"10.1353/rvs.2021.0058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/rvs.2021.0058","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":281386,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Estudios Hispánicos","volume":"207 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123232268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:As the twenty-first century progresses, renewed theoretical developments and critical reflections are broadening explanatory horizons of cultural traditions that seemed to have already been sufficiently studied. Andean culture, consolidated as an exclusively highland phenomenon, offers a privileged field of study for problematizing the status of established knowledge. This paper discusses the Altiplano exceptionalism attributed to Andean cultures based on two masterful interventions, that of the French anthropologist Thierry Saignes, and that of the Peruvian writer Gamaliel Churata. While Saignes first pointed out the urgency of repairing the "radical ignorance that we have about Andean-Oriental societies" (Los Andes orientales: historia de un olvido); Churata explored an inter-Andean cultural circuit that both Peruvian and Bolivian historiography had made invisible: the prolific (and yet uncanny) interaction that since pre-Hispanic times was practiced between the eastern and western flanks of the Andean mountains.
摘要:随着21世纪的发展，新的理论发展和批判性反思正在拓宽对文化传统的解释视野，这些文化传统似乎已经得到了充分的研究。安第斯文化作为一种特有的高地现象而得到巩固，为对既定知识的地位提出问题提供了一个优越的研究领域。本文以法国人类学家Thierry Saignes和秘鲁作家Gamaliel Churata两位大师的介入为基础，讨论了安第斯文化的高原例外主义。虽然塞涅斯首先指出了修复“我们对安第斯-东方社会的彻底无知”的紧迫性(Los Andes orientales: historia de un olvido);丘拉塔探索了安第斯山脉之间的文化循环，秘鲁和玻利维亚的史学都忽略了这一点:自前西班牙时代以来，安第斯山脉东西两侧之间就存在着丰富(但又不可思议)的相互作用。
{"title":"El debate andino amazónico abordado desde el pensamiento vinculante y post-antropocéntrico de Gamaliel Churata","authors":"Elizabeth Monasterios-Pérez","doi":"10.1353/rvs.2021.0048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/rvs.2021.0048","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:As the twenty-first century progresses, renewed theoretical developments and critical reflections are broadening explanatory horizons of cultural traditions that seemed to have already been sufficiently studied. Andean culture, consolidated as an exclusively highland phenomenon, offers a privileged field of study for problematizing the status of established knowledge. This paper discusses the Altiplano exceptionalism attributed to Andean cultures based on two masterful interventions, that of the French anthropologist Thierry Saignes, and that of the Peruvian writer Gamaliel Churata. While Saignes first pointed out the urgency of repairing the \"radical ignorance that we have about Andean-Oriental societies\" (Los Andes orientales: historia de un olvido); Churata explored an inter-Andean cultural circuit that both Peruvian and Bolivian historiography had made invisible: the prolific (and yet uncanny) interaction that since pre-Hispanic times was practiced between the eastern and western flanks of the Andean mountains.","PeriodicalId":281386,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Estudios Hispánicos","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123518129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hercules and the King of Portugal: Icons of Masculinity and Nation in Calderón's Spain by Dian Fox (review)","authors":"Emily S. Beck","doi":"10.1353/rvs.2021.0052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/rvs.2021.0052","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":281386,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Estudios Hispánicos","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120955945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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