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Modeling of the Spread of Malaria in the Bangka Belitung Islands Province Using the SEIR Method 使用 SEIR 方法模拟疟疾在邦加-勿里洞群岛省的传播情况
Pub Date : 2024-04-05 DOI: 10.29303/emj.v7i1.189
Nikken Halim, Marwah Hotimah Nada Putri, Irfaliani Alviari, Fadillah Luthfiyah, Hera Septiani, B. D. A. Prayanti
Malaria is an infectious disease caused by plasmodium through the bite of the Anopheles sp mosquito. female (Roach, 2012). Malaria disease which hit the Bangka Belitung Islands Province in 2005 experienced a spike, reaching 36,901 people out of 981,573 residents and claimed the lives of 12 local residents. In 2011, the Bangka Belitung Islands Province was declared an endemic area for malaria. This research aims to model and interpret the spread of malaria using the SEIR model and predict the spread of malaria using parameter estimates. The steps in analyzing the SEIR model on the spread of malaria are making assumptions, forming a SEIR model, determining the equilibrium point and analyzing the stability of the equilibrium point, determining the basic reproduction number, and carrying out a simulation of the SEIR model that has been obtained. The SEIR model is classified into 4 classes, namely Susceptible (susceptible individuals), Exposed (individuals who have symptoms), Infected (infected individuals), and Recovered (recovered individuals). The data used in this research is data on the number of Susceptible, Exposed, Infected and Recovered malaria cases in 2022 obtained from the Bangka Belitung Islands Provincial Health Service. The SEIR mathematical model is used to calculate the equilibrium point and basic reproduction number. Based on the SEIR model simulation results, it was found that the susceptible population decreased from the 0th month to the 48th month. As for the exposed population, there were 9,623 people in month 0, but in this condition the population decreased drastically per month. Furthermore, for the infected population there were 129 people in month 0, but in this condition the number of infected decreased drastically per month along with the decrease in the exposed population. For individuals who recovered, there was a decrease from the 0th month to the 48th month.
疟疾是一种由疟原虫通过雌性按蚊叮咬引起的传染病(Roach,2012 年)。2005 年,疟疾肆虐班卡岛省,发病人数激增,981,573 名居民中有 36,901 人感染了疟疾,12 名当地居民因此丧生。2011 年,班卡岛被宣布为疟疾流行区。本研究旨在利用 SEIR 模型对疟疾的传播进行建模和解释,并利用参数估计对疟疾的传播进行预测。对疟疾传播的 SEIR 模型进行分析的步骤包括假设、形成 SEIR 模型、确定平衡点并分析平衡点的稳定性、确定基本繁殖数,以及对得到的 SEIR 模型进行模拟。SEIR 模型分为 4 个等级,即 Susceptible(易感者)、Exposed(有症状者)、Infected(感染者)和 Recovered(康复者)。本研究使用的数据是从邦加-伯利通群岛省卫生局获得的 2022 年疟疾易感者、暴露者、感染者和康复者的病例数。SEIR 数学模型用于计算平衡点和基本繁殖数。根据 SEIR 模型模拟结果发现,从第 0 个月到第 48 个月,易感人群有所减少。至于暴露人群,第 0 个月有 9 623 人,但在这种情况下,人群数量逐月急剧下降。此外,感染人群在第 0 个月有 129 人,但在这种情况下,感染人数随着暴露人群的减少而逐月急剧下降。就康复者而言,从第 0 个月到第 48 个月,人数有所减少。
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引用次数: 0
Analisis Dinamik Model Predator-prey dengan Perilaku Anti Predator serta Efek Allee pada Prey 具有反捕食行为和猎物阿利效应的捕食者-猎物模型的动态分析
Pub Date : 2024-01-13 DOI: 10.29303/emj.v6i2.191
Hady Rasikhun, M. D. Putra, Rizka Rizqi Robbi
Kami mempelajari model predator-prey dengan perilaku anti-predator dan efek Allee pada prey. Efek Allee merupakan fenomena ekologi yang menggambarkan penurunan pertumbuhan populasi karena berkurangnya kepadatan suatu populasi spesies,  sedangkan perilaku anti predator adalah perilaku prey untuk melindungi diri dari predator. Kami menemukan 4 titik kesetimbangan, yaitu titik kepunahan kedua spesies , dua titik kepunahan predator  dan ) dan satu titik koeksistensi kedua spesies . Kestabilan  dan  tergantung dari parameter yang diberikan, sedangkan titik  selalu tidak stabil. Selanjutnya kami melakukan simulasi numerik dengan metode Runge-Kutta menggunakan bahasa pemrograman Python untuk mengkonfirmasi analisis model secara grafis.
我们研究的是一个捕食者-猎物模型,其中包含猎物的反捕食行为和阿利效应。阿利效应是一种生态现象,描述了由于物种种群密度降低而导致种群增长下降的情况,而反捕食行为则是猎物保护自己免受捕食者侵害的行为。我们发现了 4 个平衡点,即两个物种的灭绝点、两个捕食者灭绝点和一个两个物种的共存点。和的稳定性取决于给定的参数,而点始终是不稳定的。此外,我们还使用 Python 编程语言,用 Runge-Kutta 方法进行了数值模拟,以证实模型的图形分析。
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引用次数: 0
Model Regresi Cox Untuk Data Masa Studi (Studi Kasus: Data Masa Studi Mahasiswa Fakultas Teknik Universitas Bangka Belitung) 学习阶段数据的 Cox 回归模型(案例研究:班加勿里洞大学工程学院学生的学习阶段数据)
Pub Date : 2023-12-31 DOI: 10.29303/emj.v6i2.170
Ineu Sulistiana, Elyas Kustiawan, Ririn Amelia
Student study time is the time needed by students to complete their education, which starts from the time they enter college until they are declared graduated or have completed their study period. In the study period data, survival time observations were only carried out partially or not until the failure event. In other words, termination occurs until the observation deadline. This termination occurred due to several factors that allegedly influenced the student's study period. Using study period data for students of the Faculty of Engineering, University of Bangka Belitung, class of 2015/2016, this study used the Kaplan Meier Estimation to see the survival function of each factor causing the length of study period graphically and the Log Rank Test statistically. Meanwhile, to look at the factors that determine the length of a student's study period, researchers used the Cox Regression and Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) models to find the best model. The results of the data analysis show that there are differences in the survival function in each category for all variables graphically, while the statistical comparison of the results of the estimation of the survival function curve based on gender and organizational status is not significantly different. The results of the analysis also show that the proportional hazard assumption is fulfilled through the cumulative hazard log so that categorical variables can be used in the Cox Regression model. Based on the results of the likelihood estimation, the variables that have a significant effect on the study period of Engineering Faculty students are majors and GPA variables. Furthermore, from the interpretation of the model parameters, it is obtained that the Hazard Ratio (HR) value for the study period of Mechanical, Mining and Electrical Engineering students is faster than that of Civil Engineering students, while students with GPA ≥ 3.00 have a shorter study period than students with GPA < 3.00.
学生学习时间是指学生完成学业所需的时间,从进入大学开始,直到宣布毕业或完成学业为止。在学习期数据中,生存时间观测只进行了部分,或直到失败事件发生时才进行。换句话说,在观察截止日期之前,观察都是终止的。这种终止发生的原因据称是影响学生学习期的几个因素。本研究使用邦加勿里洞大学工程学院2015/2016级学生的学习时间数据,使用卡普兰-梅尔估计法(Kaplan Meier Estimation)从图形上观察造成学习时间长短的各因素的生存函数,并使用对数秩检验法(Log Rank Test)进行统计。同时,为了研究决定学生学习时间长短的因素,研究人员使用了考克斯回归和最大似然估计(MLE)模型来寻找最佳模型。数据分析结果表明,从图形上看,各类变量的生存函数都存在差异,而基于性别和组织状况的生存函数曲线估计结果的统计比较没有明显差异。分析结果还表明,通过累积危险对数,比例危险假设得到了满足,因此分类变量可以用于 Cox 回归模型。根据似然估计的结果,对工学院学生学习时间有显著影响的变量是专业和 GPA 变量。此外,通过对模型参数的解释,可以得出机械工程、采矿工程和电气工程专业学生学习时间的危险比(HR)值快于土木工程专业学生,而 GPA≥3.00 的学生学习时间短于 GPA<3.00 的学生。
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引用次数: 0
Modelling the Recovery of Malaria Patients in West Lombok District Using Cox Regression 利用考克斯回归建立西龙目岛地区疟疾患者康复模型
Pub Date : 2023-12-31 DOI: 10.29303/emj.v6i2.173
Siti Dwi Khairun Rahmatin Usman, M. Hadijati, Nurul Fitriyani
Malaria is one of the health problems in West Lombok Regency. There are 413 positive malaria cases, so it is necessary to research the models and factors affecting malaria sufferers' recovery. The analysis used is survival analysis using the Cox Proportional Hazard Regression method. The data used in this study is in the form of secondary data obtained from medical record data from all patients with malaria disease in West Lombok Regency from 2019 to 2020, with dependent variables in the form of recovery time of malaria patients and nine independent variables that are suspected of affecting the recovery of malaria sufferers. This study aims to determine a recovery model for malaria sufferers based on Cox regression and determine the factors that influence the recovery of malaria sufferers in West Lombok Regency. Based on the survival analysis results with the Cox Proportional hazard Regression method, the best model was obtained with two significant variables affecting the recovery time of malaria patients: the parasite type variable and the incidence of pregnancy or not getting pregnant. The model can be interpreted based on hazard ratio values that the variable type of parasite category Plasmodium vivax has a probability of being able to recover within one month of treatment by 2,542 times faster than Plasmodium falciparum. In comparison, the type of parasite in the Plasmodium mix category has a probability of being able to recover within one month of treatment 1.108 times faster than Plasmodium vivax,  and for the pregnant or non-pregnant variables for the category of pregnant patients had a 2,307 times faster probability of recovery within one month of treatment compared to non-pregnant patients.
疟疾是西龙目岛地区的健康问题之一。疟疾阳性病例有 413 例,因此有必要研究影响疟疾患者康复的模式和因素。使用的分析方法是利用考克斯比例危险回归法进行生存分析。本研究使用的数据以二手数据的形式从西龙目岛地区2019年至2020年所有疟疾疾病患者的病历数据中获取,因变量以疟疾患者的康复时间为形式,9个自变量疑似影响疟疾患者的康复。本研究旨在根据 Cox 回归确定疟疾患者的康复模型,并确定影响西龙目岛地区疟疾患者康复的因素。 根据使用 Cox 比例危险回归法进行的生存分析结果,得出了影响疟疾患者康复时间的两个重要变量的最佳模型:寄生虫类型变量和怀孕或未怀孕的发生率。根据危险比值可以解释该模型,即寄生虫类型变量间日疟原虫在治疗后一个月内痊愈的概率比恶性疟原虫快 2 542 倍。相比之下,混合疟原虫类别的寄生虫在治疗后一个月内痊愈的概率是间日疟原虫的 1.108 倍,而怀孕或未怀孕变量类别的怀孕患者在治疗后一个月内痊愈的概率是未怀孕患者的 2 307 倍。
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引用次数: 0
Modifikasi Algoritma Edmonds Karp untuk Menentukan Aliran Maksimum Pada Jaringan Distribusi Air PDAM (Studi Kasus Jaringan Telaga Sari PDAM Giri Menang Mataram) 修改 Edmonds Karp 算法以确定 PDAM 输水管网的最大流量(Giri Menang PDAM Mataram 的 Telaga Sari 管网案例研究)
Pub Date : 2023-12-31 DOI: 10.29303/emj.v6i2.134
Husnul Hotimah, syamsul bahri, Lailia Awalushaumi
Clean water is the main and basic need for humans which is of concern to the government. Distribution network system is a very important part to delivering water to all consumers. The lack of water discharge distribution in several areas, especially at the end of the pipeline service, is cause by not optimal water distribution, the flow rate of sorce and leak in pipeline effect. This research has to analyze the optimal network model and determine the maximum flow rate  from the PDAM pipeline using modified Edmonds Karp algorithm. Modified Edmonds Karp algorithm is a method for calculating maximum flow of a network. Based on analysis of modified Edmonds Karp algorithm there is a less efficient us of pipe in PDAM network and result of maximum flow from the network is 202,30 liter/second. This means it can be adding flow discharge to the water distribution pipe by PDAM for expedite the flow to consumer with the addition of flow should not exceed 202,30 liter/second.
清洁的水是人类最主要、最基本的需求,也是政府关注的问题。配水管网系统是向所有用户供水的重要组成部分。在一些地区,特别是在管道服务的末端,水的排放分布不足,其原因是水的分布不理想、水的流速和管道的泄漏效应。本研究必须分析最优网络模型,并使用修正的 Edmonds Karp 算法确定 PDAM 管道的最大流量。修正的 Edmonds Karp 算法是一种计算网络最大流量的方法。根据修改后的 Edmonds Karp 算法分析,PDAM 管网中管道的使用效率较低,管网的最大流量结果为 202.30 升/秒。这意味着可以通过 PDAM 增加配水管的流量排放,以加快流向用户的流量,增加的流量不应超过 202.30 升/秒。
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引用次数: 0
Co-Existing Point of Equilibrium in Discretization of Fractional-Order Prey and Predator Model 分数阶食饵和捕食者模型离散化中的共存平衡点
Pub Date : 2023-06-28 DOI: 10.29303/emj.v6i1.169
Rio Satriyantara, Dara Puspita Anggraeni, Irma Risvana Dewi, Alfian Eka Utama
In this work, a discretization process of a fractional-order prey and predator model is discussed. The aim of this work is to describe the population phenomenon which contains prey and predator. In this research, the prey and predator model by Ghosh et al. (2017) is used. The model has an unique form because it contains prey refuge and additional food to predator. In order to give more details on prey and predator population, the model then modified into fractional order and then discretized. The discretization model has three points of equilibrium and one of them named co-existing point of equilibrium. The numerical simulation is used to perform the stability. The numerical simulation is controlled by using mathematical programming language. It resulted that the co-existing point of equilibrium tends to be stable or converge if a small value of  (time step) is selected. Otherwise, if a larger value of  is selected, then oscillatory is appeared which means the point of equilibrium become unstable or diverge.
本文讨论了分数阶捕食者和猎物模型的离散化过程。这项工作的目的是描述包含猎物和捕食者的种群现象。本研究使用Ghosh et al.(2017)的猎物和捕食者模型。该模型具有独特的形式,因为它包含了猎物的避难所和捕食者的额外食物。为了得到更多关于猎物和捕食者种群的细节,将模型修正为分数阶,然后离散化。离散化模型有三个平衡点,其中一个称为共存平衡点。通过数值模拟对其稳定性进行了验证。采用数学编程语言控制数值模拟。结果表明,如果选取较小的(时间步长),则共存平衡点趋于稳定或收敛。否则,如果选择较大的值,则出现振荡,即平衡点变得不稳定或发散。
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引用次数: 0
Optimization of water flow on Regency Municipality Waterworks-network of Jonggat Central Lombok Regency using Ford Fulkerson Algorithm and Dinic Algorithm 利用Ford Fulkerson算法和Dinic算法优化龙目岛钟嘉市中央行政区市政自来水管网的水流量
Pub Date : 2023-06-27 DOI: 10.29303/emj.v6i1.157
Lilis Sriwahyuni, M. Marwan, Z. Awanis
Clean water is essential for humans which must be fulfilled for humans survival. The population in Jonggat, Central Lombok, increases from year to year which causes the using of clean water get an increase too. The necessity of rising clean water is not in line with the availability of water in nature, therefore the PDAM (Regency Municipality Waterworks) manages existing water resource. Then, it will be distributed to consumers. The purpose of this research is to determine the optimal solution in the distribution of clean water in Jonggat using Ford Fulkerson algorithm and Dinic algorithm. Both Ford Fulkerson algorithm and Dinic algorithm are methods used to calculate the maximum flow in a network. Based on the results of research using Python software on the Ford Fulkerson algorithm, the maximum current is 133 liters/second, while using the Dinic algorithm, the maximum current is 133.49 liters/second. Meanwhile, the average water flow is delivered by PDAM is 95 liters/second. It means, it can be added the amount of flow in the clean water distribution pipe by the PDAM. It’s for facilitating the flow of water that reaches consumers with the addition of a flow that cannot exceed 133.49 liters/second. Keywords:  Network flow, Maximum flow, Ford Fulkerson algorithm, Dinic algorithm
清洁的水对人类来说是必不可少的,是人类生存所必须满足的。龙目岛中部Jonggat的人口每年都在增加,这导致清洁水的使用量也在增加。上升的清洁水的必要性与自然界中水的可用性不一致,因此PDAM(摄政市自来水厂)管理现有的水资源。然后,它将被分发给消费者。本研究的目的是利用Ford Fulkerson算法和Dinic算法确定Jonggat清洁水分配的最优解。Ford Fulkerson算法和Dinic算法都是计算网络中最大流量的方法。基于Python软件对Ford Fulkerson算法的研究结果,最大电流为133升/秒,而使用Dinic算法,最大电流为133.49升/秒。同时,PDAM的平均水流量为95升/秒。即通过PDAM可以增加清水配水管的流量。它是为了方便到达消费者的水流,增加的流量不能超过133.49升/秒。关键词:网络流,最大流量,Ford Fulkerson算法,Dinic算法
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引用次数: 0
Peramalan Harga Beras dengan Metode Double Exponential Smoothing dan Fuzzy Time Series (Study Kasus : Harga Beras di Kota Mataram)
Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.29303/emj.v5i2.123
Sulpaiyah Sulpaiyah, syamsul bahri, Lisa Harsyiah
Rice has become the main staple food for almost the entire population of Indonesia. However, in Indonesia, the price of food commodities (rice) often fluctuates in price. Due to the rapid fluctuation of rice prices and the uncertainty in the future, it is necessary to forecast rice prices. This study aims to predict the price of rice in the city of Mataram using the Holt double exponential smoothing method and the Cheng fuzzy time series. The model's performance is based on Mean Squared Error (MSE) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) indicators. Forecasting model based on Holt's double exponential smoothing method, the MSE value is 705967.4994 and the MAPE value is 7.91%. On the other hand, based on Cheng's fuzzy time series method, the performance of the forecasting model based on the MSE indicator is 566312.340 and based on the MAPE value of 6.75%. Based on these results, Cheng's fuzzy time series method is more accurate than Holt's double exponential smoothing method. Keywords: Double Exponential Smoothing Holt, Fuzzy Time Series Cheng, Rice Price, MAPE, MSE
大米已经成为几乎所有印尼人的主食。然而,在印度尼西亚,粮食商品(大米)的价格经常波动。由于大米价格的快速波动和未来的不确定性,有必要对大米价格进行预测。本研究旨在利用Holt双指数平滑法和Cheng模糊时间序列对马塔兰市的大米价格进行预测。该模型的性能基于均方误差(MSE)和平均绝对百分比误差(MAPE)指标。基于Holt双指数平滑法的预测模型,MSE值为705967.4994,MAPE值为7.91%。另一方面,基于Cheng的模糊时间序列方法,基于MSE指标的预测模型的性能为566312.340,基于MAPE值为6.75%。基于这些结果,Cheng的模糊时间序列方法比Holt的双指数平滑方法更精确。关键词:双指数平滑Holt,模糊时间序列Cheng,稻米价格,MAPE, MSE
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引用次数: 1
Modeling the Number of Infant Mortality in East Lombok using Geographically Weighted Poisson Regression 利用地理加权泊松回归对东龙目岛婴儿死亡率进行建模
Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.29303/emj.v5i2.138
Baiq Urfa Justitiaski, N. Fitriyani, Syamsul Bahri
Infant mortality is death that occurs at the age of 0 to 1 year. According to the Provincial Health Office, East Lombok is the district with the largest infant mortality rate in NTB. Several factors influence infant mortality: childbirth with medical assistance, low birth weight, health facilities, health workers, and exclusive breastfeeding. These factors have a spatial influence because each region has different geographical, socio-cultural, and economic conditions. Therefore, the method that can be used is GWPR because it can model data with the response variable with a Poisson distribution and pay attention to location or spatial aspects. This study aims to determine the infant mortality model in East Lombok using Geographically Weighted Poisson Regression (GWPR) and to determine the factors that significantly influence the number of infant deaths in East Lombok. Based on the research conducted showed that low birth weight is the only factor that significantly affected infant mortality in 8 sub-districts, including Keruak, Sakra, West Sakra, East Sakra, Terara, Sukamulia, Selong, and Labuhan Haji. The model obtained gives a good estimator, with an R^2 value of 76,44%.
婴儿死亡率是指0至1岁之间发生的死亡。据省卫生局称,东龙目岛是北结核省婴儿死亡率最高的地区。影响婴儿死亡率的因素有几个:在医疗协助下分娩、低出生体重、卫生设施、卫生工作者和纯母乳喂养。这些因素具有空间影响,因为每个区域具有不同的地理、社会文化和经济条件。因此,可以使用GWPR方法,因为它可以用泊松分布的响应变量对数据进行建模,并且关注位置或空间方面。本研究旨在利用地理加权泊松回归(GWPR)确定东龙目岛婴儿死亡率模型,并确定影响东龙目岛婴儿死亡人数的显著因素。根据所进行的研究表明,低出生体重是唯一显著影响8个街道婴儿死亡率的因素,包括Keruak、Sakra、West Sakra、East Sakra、Terara、Sukamulia、Selong和Labuhan Haji。所得到的模型给出了一个很好的估计量,其R^2值为76,44%。
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引用次数: 0
Application of the Greedy Algorithm for Graph Coloring of the Grobogan Regency Map 贪心算法在Grobogan摄象图上色中的应用
Pub Date : 2022-12-30 DOI: 10.29303/emj.v5i2.149
Ade Ima Afifa Himayati, Muhammad Adib Jauhari Dwi Putra, Erik Maurten Firdaus, Muhammad Faudzi Bahari
Peta wilayah kecamatan pada Kabupaten Grobogan dalat dioptimalisasi dengan algoritma Greedy. Titik pada graf mewakili kecamatan dan garis mewakili dua wilayah yang berbatasan langsung. Algoritma Greedy adalah salah satu algoritma yang dikembangkan untuk menyelesaikan masalah pewarnaan graf untuk dapat menghasilkan warna minimal yang digunakan tanpa ada warna yang sama pada wilayahyang berbatasan langsung. Algoritma Greedy menggunakan himpunan kandidat warna dan solusi dalam penyelesaiannya. Pewarnaan dilakukan pada titik dengan derajat terbesar dilanjutkan dengan pemeriksaan kelayakan warna dengan prinsip tidak ada titik bertetangga memiliki warna yang sama. Warna yang dihasilkan masuk dalam himpunan solusi. Proses dilanjutkan sampai semua titik selesai diwarnai. Pewarnaan wilayah di kabupaten Grobogan menghasilkan empat warna dengan Algoritma greedy sebagai solusi minimal warna yang diperoleh
格罗博根行政区的分区图可以通过 "贪婪 "算法进行优化。图中的节点代表分区,线条代表直接相邻的两个区域。贪婪算法是为解决图形着色问题而开发的算法之一,它能够在直接相邻区域不使用相同颜色的情况下生成最少的颜色。贪心算法在其解决方案中使用一组候选颜色和解决方案。着色在阶数最大的点上进行,然后进行颜色可行性检查,原则是相邻点不能有相同的颜色。最后得到的颜色将被纳入解决方案集。该过程一直持续到所有点都着色完毕。格罗博根地区的区域着色采用了贪婪算法,获得了四种颜色,是颜色最少的解决方案。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
EIGEN MATHEMATICS JOURNAL
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