Pub Date : 1998-04-24DOI: 10.1109/SECON.1998.673276
G. Semmel, D. G. Linton
Statistical software testing presents two difficulties for the tester: (1) establishing accurate user profiles (i.e. usage probabilities), and (2) incurring lengthy test times. An algorithm, named the frequency count method (FCM), is developed which addresses both difficulties simultaneously. FCM finds usage probabilities within predetermined ranges and concurrently minimizes the amount of testing time. First, FCM randomly generates a large number of matrices for a given Markov chain with constrained usage probabilities. For each one-step transition matrix associated with the given Markov chain usage model, FCM simulates the steps of the chain. FCM flags the usage matrix which requires the minimum expected amount of testing time (assuming no failures) and ensures theoretical and calculated stationary probability values are within some preset precision. Thus, by generating test sequences from the usage probabilities of the flagged matrix, the expected minimum statistical testing time is achieved. This minimum time is optimal with respect to the transition probability ranges and the given execution times. Employing a 5-state usage model with numerical values for the transition probability bounds and code execution times, the FCM algorithm is illustrated and the expected minimum testing time is calculated.
{"title":"Determining optimal testing times for Markov chain usage models [software testing]","authors":"G. Semmel, D. G. Linton","doi":"10.1109/SECON.1998.673276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SECON.1998.673276","url":null,"abstract":"Statistical software testing presents two difficulties for the tester: (1) establishing accurate user profiles (i.e. usage probabilities), and (2) incurring lengthy test times. An algorithm, named the frequency count method (FCM), is developed which addresses both difficulties simultaneously. FCM finds usage probabilities within predetermined ranges and concurrently minimizes the amount of testing time. First, FCM randomly generates a large number of matrices for a given Markov chain with constrained usage probabilities. For each one-step transition matrix associated with the given Markov chain usage model, FCM simulates the steps of the chain. FCM flags the usage matrix which requires the minimum expected amount of testing time (assuming no failures) and ensures theoretical and calculated stationary probability values are within some preset precision. Thus, by generating test sequences from the usage probabilities of the flagged matrix, the expected minimum statistical testing time is achieved. This minimum time is optimal with respect to the transition probability ranges and the given execution times. Employing a 5-state usage model with numerical values for the transition probability bounds and code execution times, the FCM algorithm is illustrated and the expected minimum testing time is calculated.","PeriodicalId":281991,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings IEEE Southeastcon '98 'Engineering for a New Era'","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124979529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-04-24DOI: 10.1109/SECON.1998.673292
I. Shahin, N. Botros
We present an algorithm for an isolated-word text-dependent speaker identification under normal and four stressful styles. The styles which are designed to simulate speech produced under real stressful conditions are: shout, slow, loud, and soft. The algorithm is based on the hidden Markov model (HMM) with a cepstral stress compensation technique. Comparing the HMM without cepstral stress compensation with the HMM combined with cepstral stress compensation, the recognition rate has improved with a little increase in the computations. The recognition rate has improved: from 90% to 93% in normal style, from 19% to 73% in shout style, from 62% to 84% in slow style, from 38% to 75% in loud style, and from 30% to 81% in soft style. The cepstral coefficients and transitional coefficients are combined to form an observation vector of the hidden Markov model. This algorithm is tested on a limited number of speakers due to our limited data base.
{"title":"Text-dependent speaker identification using hidden Markov model with stress compensation technique","authors":"I. Shahin, N. Botros","doi":"10.1109/SECON.1998.673292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SECON.1998.673292","url":null,"abstract":"We present an algorithm for an isolated-word text-dependent speaker identification under normal and four stressful styles. The styles which are designed to simulate speech produced under real stressful conditions are: shout, slow, loud, and soft. The algorithm is based on the hidden Markov model (HMM) with a cepstral stress compensation technique. Comparing the HMM without cepstral stress compensation with the HMM combined with cepstral stress compensation, the recognition rate has improved with a little increase in the computations. The recognition rate has improved: from 90% to 93% in normal style, from 19% to 73% in shout style, from 62% to 84% in slow style, from 38% to 75% in loud style, and from 30% to 81% in soft style. The cepstral coefficients and transitional coefficients are combined to form an observation vector of the hidden Markov model. This algorithm is tested on a limited number of speakers due to our limited data base.","PeriodicalId":281991,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings IEEE Southeastcon '98 'Engineering for a New Era'","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123331705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-04-24DOI: 10.1109/SECON.1998.673353
S. Wunnava, M. Woon Choy
With recent innovations in Internet, Intranet, and World Wide Web, and user friendly capabilities of dynamic HTML, video streaming schemes, and virtual reality based 3D modeling, it is now completely possible to conduct electronic commerce on the Internet. 3D dynamic images of consumer products can be housed on remote file servers and can be observed by the clients elsewhere. The remote clients can also interactively communicate with the host server to observe and monitor the functional behavior of the product under consideration, leading to the concept of electronic commerce. The author discusses the network based electronic commerce concepts, common gateway interface and video streaming methodologies suitable for electronic commerce.
{"title":"Network based intelligent electronic commerce","authors":"S. Wunnava, M. Woon Choy","doi":"10.1109/SECON.1998.673353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SECON.1998.673353","url":null,"abstract":"With recent innovations in Internet, Intranet, and World Wide Web, and user friendly capabilities of dynamic HTML, video streaming schemes, and virtual reality based 3D modeling, it is now completely possible to conduct electronic commerce on the Internet. 3D dynamic images of consumer products can be housed on remote file servers and can be observed by the clients elsewhere. The remote clients can also interactively communicate with the host server to observe and monitor the functional behavior of the product under consideration, leading to the concept of electronic commerce. The author discusses the network based electronic commerce concepts, common gateway interface and video streaming methodologies suitable for electronic commerce.","PeriodicalId":281991,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings IEEE Southeastcon '98 'Engineering for a New Era'","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126348298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-04-24DOI: 10.1109/SECON.1998.673304
Huai Wei, G. Zhu, I. Bartarseh, J. Vaidya
The conventional voltage source inverter for motor drive encountered severe problems such as high EMI, wide range of harmonics, heavy acoustic noise and low efficiency. Resonant DC-link inverter technique becomes dominate in solving the above problems due to its simplicity in both power stage topology and control strategy. In this paper, operation principle of resonant DC-link inverter is analyzed. A design procedure of this type inverter for high power application (200 HP) is presented. PSPICE simulation on the designed resonant DC-link inverter has been conducted to verify its availability for high power application. The improvements in motor drive by using resonant DC-link inverter is shown by comparing the PSPICE simulation results of conventional hard switching inverter.
{"title":"Analysis, design and simulation of a resonant DC link inverter for high power, high frequency brushless DC motor","authors":"Huai Wei, G. Zhu, I. Bartarseh, J. Vaidya","doi":"10.1109/SECON.1998.673304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SECON.1998.673304","url":null,"abstract":"The conventional voltage source inverter for motor drive encountered severe problems such as high EMI, wide range of harmonics, heavy acoustic noise and low efficiency. Resonant DC-link inverter technique becomes dominate in solving the above problems due to its simplicity in both power stage topology and control strategy. In this paper, operation principle of resonant DC-link inverter is analyzed. A design procedure of this type inverter for high power application (200 HP) is presented. PSPICE simulation on the designed resonant DC-link inverter has been conducted to verify its availability for high power application. The improvements in motor drive by using resonant DC-link inverter is shown by comparing the PSPICE simulation results of conventional hard switching inverter.","PeriodicalId":281991,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings IEEE Southeastcon '98 'Engineering for a New Era'","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127553795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-04-24DOI: 10.1109/SECON.1998.673321
Wen Whe Sue, Zhi-Ming Lin, C. H. Huang
The architecture of folded-cascode op-amp is commonly used in many analog applications. The cascode arrangement has high open-loop voltage gain in the low frequency range that make it easy to be designed as a high-speed operational amplifier. In this paper, we present the design of a fully differential folded-cascode operational amplifier that improves the limitation on the swing of the output signal of a common cascode architecture. The DC open-loop gain of the circuit is 4.7 K.
{"title":"A high DC-gain folded-cascode CMOS operational amplifier","authors":"Wen Whe Sue, Zhi-Ming Lin, C. H. Huang","doi":"10.1109/SECON.1998.673321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SECON.1998.673321","url":null,"abstract":"The architecture of folded-cascode op-amp is commonly used in many analog applications. The cascode arrangement has high open-loop voltage gain in the low frequency range that make it easy to be designed as a high-speed operational amplifier. In this paper, we present the design of a fully differential folded-cascode operational amplifier that improves the limitation on the swing of the output signal of a common cascode architecture. The DC open-loop gain of the circuit is 4.7 K.","PeriodicalId":281991,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings IEEE Southeastcon '98 'Engineering for a New Era'","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131221298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-04-24DOI: 10.1109/SECON.1998.673311
B. S. Motlagh, R. Demara
Analytical models were developed and simulations of memory latency were performed for Uniform Memory Access (UMA), Non-Uniform Memory Access (NUMA), Local-Remote-Global (LRG), and Replicated Concurrent-Read (RCR) architectures for hit rates from 0.1 to 0.9 in steps of 0.1, memory access times of 10 nsec to 100 nsec, proportions of read/write access from 0.01 to 0.1, and block sizes of 8 to 64 words. The RCR architecture based on redundant inexpensive DRAM is shown to provide favourable performance over UMA and NUMA architectures for application and system parameters in the range evaluated. RCR outperforms LRG architectures when the hit rates of the processor cache exceed 80% and hit rates of replicated memory exceed 25%. Inclusion of a small replicated memory at each processor significantly reduces expected access time since all replicated memory READ access hits become independent of global traffic. For configurations of up to 32 processors, results show that latency is further reduced by distinguishing burst-mode transfers between isolated memory accesses and those which are incrementally outside the working set.
{"title":"Memory latency in distributed shared-memory multiprocessors","authors":"B. S. Motlagh, R. Demara","doi":"10.1109/SECON.1998.673311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SECON.1998.673311","url":null,"abstract":"Analytical models were developed and simulations of memory latency were performed for Uniform Memory Access (UMA), Non-Uniform Memory Access (NUMA), Local-Remote-Global (LRG), and Replicated Concurrent-Read (RCR) architectures for hit rates from 0.1 to 0.9 in steps of 0.1, memory access times of 10 nsec to 100 nsec, proportions of read/write access from 0.01 to 0.1, and block sizes of 8 to 64 words. The RCR architecture based on redundant inexpensive DRAM is shown to provide favourable performance over UMA and NUMA architectures for application and system parameters in the range evaluated. RCR outperforms LRG architectures when the hit rates of the processor cache exceed 80% and hit rates of replicated memory exceed 25%. Inclusion of a small replicated memory at each processor significantly reduces expected access time since all replicated memory READ access hits become independent of global traffic. For configurations of up to 32 processors, results show that latency is further reduced by distinguishing burst-mode transfers between isolated memory accesses and those which are incrementally outside the working set.","PeriodicalId":281991,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings IEEE Southeastcon '98 'Engineering for a New Era'","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117081719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-04-24DOI: 10.1109/SECON.1998.673350
R. Garcia, M. Sadiku
Summary form only given. This paper illustrates the combination of a fuzzy inference system with a Monte Carlo method to solve Laplace's equation. Fuzzy inference systems are found to be widely used in the area of control systems. As a general remark, fuzzy system applications can occur where expert knowledge can be translated into a cognitive set of rules. This tool along with a Monte Carlo method which employs Markov Chains is considered as an effective technique in whole field computation of boundary-value problems.
{"title":"Two-part solution of Laplace's equation: an adaptive fuzzy system front-end with a Markov chain back-end","authors":"R. Garcia, M. Sadiku","doi":"10.1109/SECON.1998.673350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SECON.1998.673350","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. This paper illustrates the combination of a fuzzy inference system with a Monte Carlo method to solve Laplace's equation. Fuzzy inference systems are found to be widely used in the area of control systems. As a general remark, fuzzy system applications can occur where expert knowledge can be translated into a cognitive set of rules. This tool along with a Monte Carlo method which employs Markov Chains is considered as an effective technique in whole field computation of boundary-value problems.","PeriodicalId":281991,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings IEEE Southeastcon '98 'Engineering for a New Era'","volume":"178 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121832661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-04-24DOI: 10.1109/SECON.1998.673332
A. Zooghby, Y.G. Christodoulou, M. Georgiopoulos
A neural network approach to the problem of finding the weights of one and two-dimensional adaptive arrays is presented. In modern cellular, satellite mobile communications systems, and in GPS systems, both the desired and interfering signals change their directions continuously. Therefore, a fast tracking system is needed to constantly track the users, and then adapt the radiation pattern of the antenna to direct multiple narrow beams to the desired users and nulls to the sources of interference. In the approach suggested in this paper, the computation of the optimum weights is viewed as a mapping problem which can be modeled using a suitable artificial neural network trained with input output pairs. Three-layer radial basis function neural networks (RBFNN) are used in the design of one and two-dimensional array antennas. The results obtained from this network are in excellent agreement with the Wiener solution. The networks implementing these functions are successful in tracking mobile users as they move across the antenna's field of view.
{"title":"A novel approach to adaptive nulling with neural networks","authors":"A. Zooghby, Y.G. Christodoulou, M. Georgiopoulos","doi":"10.1109/SECON.1998.673332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SECON.1998.673332","url":null,"abstract":"A neural network approach to the problem of finding the weights of one and two-dimensional adaptive arrays is presented. In modern cellular, satellite mobile communications systems, and in GPS systems, both the desired and interfering signals change their directions continuously. Therefore, a fast tracking system is needed to constantly track the users, and then adapt the radiation pattern of the antenna to direct multiple narrow beams to the desired users and nulls to the sources of interference. In the approach suggested in this paper, the computation of the optimum weights is viewed as a mapping problem which can be modeled using a suitable artificial neural network trained with input output pairs. Three-layer radial basis function neural networks (RBFNN) are used in the design of one and two-dimensional array antennas. The results obtained from this network are in excellent agreement with the Wiener solution. The networks implementing these functions are successful in tracking mobile users as they move across the antenna's field of view.","PeriodicalId":281991,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings IEEE Southeastcon '98 'Engineering for a New Era'","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127621602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-04-24DOI: 10.1109/SECON.1998.673354
M. Sadiku, S. Subramanian, A. Bhadra
Although Gigabit Ethernet has been wrongly perceived as a competitor to asynchronous transfer mode (ATM), each has its own place in the grand scheme. This perceived competition has caused users to hesitate in their migration to ATM. This study presents a reality check on the two technologies. It addresses the pros and cons of selecting each network based on some criteria.
{"title":"Gigabit Ethernet and ATM in high speed arena","authors":"M. Sadiku, S. Subramanian, A. Bhadra","doi":"10.1109/SECON.1998.673354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SECON.1998.673354","url":null,"abstract":"Although Gigabit Ethernet has been wrongly perceived as a competitor to asynchronous transfer mode (ATM), each has its own place in the grand scheme. This perceived competition has caused users to hesitate in their migration to ATM. This study presents a reality check on the two technologies. It addresses the pros and cons of selecting each network based on some criteria.","PeriodicalId":281991,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings IEEE Southeastcon '98 'Engineering for a New Era'","volume":"53 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128049786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1998-04-24DOI: 10.1109/SECON.1998.673303
R. Siegert, Osman Abdalla Abaker Mohammed
This paper is part of an ongoing research in the design of SPICE Models for the simulation of nonlinear protective devices. These simulations are used to verify, in a nondestructive way, the behavior and characteristics of new or improved protective circuitry. Manufacturers as well as end-users have long seen the benefits of giving special importance to simulations as part of their design criteria in order to fulfil electromagnetic compatibility standards and industrial regulations. The ultimate goal of this conducted research is to establish accurate models of existing protective devices such as metal oxide varistors, spark-gaps and transient voltage suppressor diodes.
{"title":"Computer based simulation for optimizing overvoltage protective devices for low voltage applications","authors":"R. Siegert, Osman Abdalla Abaker Mohammed","doi":"10.1109/SECON.1998.673303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SECON.1998.673303","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is part of an ongoing research in the design of SPICE Models for the simulation of nonlinear protective devices. These simulations are used to verify, in a nondestructive way, the behavior and characteristics of new or improved protective circuitry. Manufacturers as well as end-users have long seen the benefits of giving special importance to simulations as part of their design criteria in order to fulfil electromagnetic compatibility standards and industrial regulations. The ultimate goal of this conducted research is to establish accurate models of existing protective devices such as metal oxide varistors, spark-gaps and transient voltage suppressor diodes.","PeriodicalId":281991,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings IEEE Southeastcon '98 'Engineering for a New Era'","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134421623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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