Pub Date : 1979-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1979.7568848
Alvin W. Paul
The Federal Communications Commission minimizes electromagnetic interference from radiating radio frequency devices by means of an equipment authorization program involving compliance with technical standards. Without the legislative authority to establish standards for susceptibility the FCC launched an inquiry to determine, among other issues, if voluntary standards might be preferable to mandatory standards to best prove the public interest in this instance. The FCC, as a regulatory agency, exercises its authority in the control of electromagnetic interference through a cooperative effort with both users and industry. By requiring adherence to performance standards, the Commission avoids inhibiting design latitude. The technical standards in our rules set forth our requirements. They do not dictate design methods for their achievement. Technical parameters, required limits and procedures for compliance are set forth in our rules. These concern interference related factors such as power, bandwidth, frequency stability and emission limitations.
{"title":"Can Interference Be Regulated?","authors":"Alvin W. Paul","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1979.7568848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1979.7568848","url":null,"abstract":"The Federal Communications Commission minimizes electromagnetic interference from radiating radio frequency devices by means of an equipment authorization program involving compliance with technical standards. Without the legislative authority to establish standards for susceptibility the FCC launched an inquiry to determine, among other issues, if voluntary standards might be preferable to mandatory standards to best prove the public interest in this instance. The FCC, as a regulatory agency, exercises its authority in the control of electromagnetic interference through a cooperative effort with both users and industry. By requiring adherence to performance standards, the Commission avoids inhibiting design latitude. The technical standards in our rules set forth our requirements. They do not dictate design methods for their achievement. Technical parameters, required limits and procedures for compliance are set forth in our rules. These concern interference related factors such as power, bandwidth, frequency stability and emission limitations.","PeriodicalId":283257,"journal":{"name":"1979 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114237541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1979-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1979.7568855
R. Spiegel, E. Cooper, E. Bronaugh, D. R. Kerns
The design, development, and construction details of a probe for measuring electric fields between 200 V/m and 200 kV/m with a nominal measurement error of one percent are described. The probe is comprised of two small hemispheres, less than four centimetres in radius, which are separated by a small insulated gap. The electronics are placed inside the sphere, and a fiber optic link carries the field strength information to the remote receiver/display unit.
{"title":"An Improved Optically Isolated ELF Electric Field Sensor","authors":"R. Spiegel, E. Cooper, E. Bronaugh, D. R. Kerns","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1979.7568855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1979.7568855","url":null,"abstract":"The design, development, and construction details of a probe for measuring electric fields between 200 V/m and 200 kV/m with a nominal measurement error of one percent are described. The probe is comprised of two small hemispheres, less than four centimetres in radius, which are separated by a small insulated gap. The electronics are placed inside the sphere, and a fiber optic link carries the field strength information to the remote receiver/display unit.","PeriodicalId":283257,"journal":{"name":"1979 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124864469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1979-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1979.7568853
H. Echigo, M. Murata, Y. Nagasawa, R. Sato
To analyze the unwanted electromagnetic waves radiated by electric machines and electronic equipments, it is essential that surface current distributions on their metal conductors should be measured in detail, because the electromagnetic field is determined by the current distribution. For determining the current distribution, authors developed a new kind of probes which can measure the density and direction of the current on the metal bodies.
{"title":"A New Probe for the Measurement of the VHF Surface Currents on the Metal Body","authors":"H. Echigo, M. Murata, Y. Nagasawa, R. Sato","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1979.7568853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1979.7568853","url":null,"abstract":"To analyze the unwanted electromagnetic waves radiated by electric machines and electronic equipments, it is essential that surface current distributions on their metal conductors should be measured in detail, because the electromagnetic field is determined by the current distribution. For determining the current distribution, authors developed a new kind of probes which can measure the density and direction of the current on the metal bodies.","PeriodicalId":283257,"journal":{"name":"1979 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115958314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1979-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1979.7568837
D. Sailors
The sensitivity of the circuit compatibility calculation at hf to input correlation coefficients is examined. The results show that the values of the correlation coefficients used have significant effect. But the change in circuit compatibility during the daytime was primarily due to the change in the correlation coefficient between the signal-to-noise ratio (S-N) and the interference-to-noise ratio (I-N) rather than the correlation between the interfering and desired path MUFs.
{"title":"Influence of the Correlation Coefficients in Determining Circuit Compatibility at HF","authors":"D. Sailors","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1979.7568837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1979.7568837","url":null,"abstract":"The sensitivity of the circuit compatibility calculation at hf to input correlation coefficients is examined. The results show that the values of the correlation coefficients used have significant effect. But the change in circuit compatibility during the daytime was primarily due to the change in the correlation coefficient between the signal-to-noise ratio (S-N) and the interference-to-noise ratio (I-N) rather than the correlation between the interfering and desired path MUFs.","PeriodicalId":283257,"journal":{"name":"1979 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"8 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123731218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1979-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1979.7568811
W. Johnson, R. Terhune
A series of optical and electrical experiments on the transient electrical behavior of the automotive distributor have been carried out. These experiments were guided by the now available increased understanding of corona and other preelectrical breakdown phenomena.lUsing these ideas and simplified models, it was possible to interpret many experimental observations. The objective of this work was to reduce the EMR (Electromagnetic Radiation) associated with the distributor. Since earlier work indicated that most of this EMR was associated with the initial breakdown," this investigation concentrated on arc initiating processes. Major conclusions from this study are listed below. 1. The breakdown is accompanied by an initial current surge which lasts for a few nanoseconds. Unlike the final arc which appears as a ribbon, this transient discharge occupies the whole volume between the anode and the cathode. 2. Breakdown cannot occur until a threshold voltage is exceeded. Even then a separate triggering event is needed. EMR can be reduced considerably by triggering the breakdown near threshold conditions. 3. The source of the EMR is the current surge associated with the discharging of the capacitance of the leads close to rotor. The nonlinear switching process occurs more slowly when breakdown occurs near threshold. It also occurs more slowly as the gap is increased. 4. When silicone coated or nonmetallic cathodes are used, breakdown occurs close to threshold conditions. It is surmized that the triggering electrons are provided by unusual electric field induced emission effects associated with static charging of surfaces. 5. Typically, breakdown with brass cathodes was observed to occur at voltages 50% to 200% above their threshold voltages. Also, the photoemission efficiency of brass cathodes is low, making optical triggering difficult.
{"title":"Arc Initiating Processes in the Automotive Distributor","authors":"W. Johnson, R. Terhune","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1979.7568811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1979.7568811","url":null,"abstract":"A series of optical and electrical experiments on the transient electrical behavior of the automotive distributor have been carried out. These experiments were guided by the now available increased understanding of corona and other preelectrical breakdown phenomena.lUsing these ideas and simplified models, it was possible to interpret many experimental observations. The objective of this work was to reduce the EMR (Electromagnetic Radiation) associated with the distributor. Since earlier work indicated that most of this EMR was associated with the initial breakdown,\" this investigation concentrated on arc initiating processes. Major conclusions from this study are listed below. 1. The breakdown is accompanied by an initial current surge which lasts for a few nanoseconds. Unlike the final arc which appears as a ribbon, this transient discharge occupies the whole volume between the anode and the cathode. 2. Breakdown cannot occur until a threshold voltage is exceeded. Even then a separate triggering event is needed. EMR can be reduced considerably by triggering the breakdown near threshold conditions. 3. The source of the EMR is the current surge associated with the discharging of the capacitance of the leads close to rotor. The nonlinear switching process occurs more slowly when breakdown occurs near threshold. It also occurs more slowly as the gap is increased. 4. When silicone coated or nonmetallic cathodes are used, breakdown occurs close to threshold conditions. It is surmized that the triggering electrons are provided by unusual electric field induced emission effects associated with static charging of surfaces. 5. Typically, breakdown with brass cathodes was observed to occur at voltages 50% to 200% above their threshold voltages. Also, the photoemission efficiency of brass cathodes is low, making optical triggering difficult.","PeriodicalId":283257,"journal":{"name":"1979 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127885110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1979.7568822
R. Taylor, James S. Hill
In situ, aircraft flight measurements were made in 1976 and 1977 by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) of the radio-frequency environment over USA urban areas within the emergency distress search and rescue frequency bands at 121.5 and 243.0 MHz. This paper analyzes test results reported previously1-3 for USA East Coast and Midwest flight surveys; presented also are test results obtained in May 1977 for the USA West Coast during the NASA, ASSESS-II, Space Shuttle/Spacelab simulation aircraft flights. The USA West Coast flights include data at 121.5/243 MHz during an extensive series of aircraft-flyover passes for the Los Angeles, CA urban area. The USA East Coast/Midwest measurements show correlation with population count.
{"title":"Airborne Surveys of USA Urban Areas at 121.5/243 MHz","authors":"R. Taylor, James S. Hill","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1979.7568822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1979.7568822","url":null,"abstract":"In situ, aircraft flight measurements were made in 1976 and 1977 by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) of the radio-frequency environment over USA urban areas within the emergency distress search and rescue frequency bands at 121.5 and 243.0 MHz. This paper analyzes test results reported previously1-3 for USA East Coast and Midwest flight surveys; presented also are test results obtained in May 1977 for the USA West Coast during the NASA, ASSESS-II, Space Shuttle/Spacelab simulation aircraft flights. The USA West Coast flights include data at 121.5/243 MHz during an extensive series of aircraft-flyover passes for the Los Angeles, CA urban area. The USA East Coast/Midwest measurements show correlation with population count.","PeriodicalId":283257,"journal":{"name":"1979 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124775321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1979.7568790
A. Anderson, E. Mumme
During liftoff, the Space Shuttle may be struck by lightning. This paper describes Martin Marietta's innovative lightning protection design for the External Tank portion of the Shuttle System. The theory logic and testing which substantiated the design are also discussed.
{"title":"Lightning Protection Design External Tank (Space Shuttle)","authors":"A. Anderson, E. Mumme","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1979.7568790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1979.7568790","url":null,"abstract":"During liftoff, the Space Shuttle may be struck by lightning. This paper describes Martin Marietta's innovative lightning protection design for the External Tank portion of the Shuttle System. The theory logic and testing which substantiated the design are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":283257,"journal":{"name":"1979 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126071241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1979.7568821
D. R. Hersey
Radio frequency interference at NASA's deep space stations has become a serious problem. A radio spectrum surveillance capability at these stations is needed to determine the sources of interference so that preventative measures can be taken. The first phase of a program to develop this capability was the development of a low cost surveillance station now in operation at the Goldstone Deep Space Communication Complex near Barstow, California. This interim surveillance station is described and findings from the use of this equipment are presented.
{"title":"Radio Spectrum Surveillance Station","authors":"D. R. Hersey","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1979.7568821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1979.7568821","url":null,"abstract":"Radio frequency interference at NASA's deep space stations has become a serious problem. A radio spectrum surveillance capability at these stations is needed to determine the sources of interference so that preventative measures can be taken. The first phase of a program to develop this capability was the development of a low cost surveillance station now in operation at the Goldstone Deep Space Communication Complex near Barstow, California. This interim surveillance station is described and findings from the use of this equipment are presented.","PeriodicalId":283257,"journal":{"name":"1979 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129567512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：