Pub Date : 1979-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1979.7568847
M. Frazier
The electromagnetic fields associated with HVDC converters and transmission lines constitute a unique environment for persons with implanted cardiac pacemakers. A measurement program has been conducted to assess the potential interfering effects of these harmonically rich fields on implanted pacemakers. The experimental procedures that were employed take into account the combined effects of the electric and magnetic fields. The effect of the resulting body current on the response of six pacemakers was assessed in the laboratory, using a previously developed model to relate body current to pacemaker pickup voltage. The results show that R-wave pacemaker reversion can be expected at some locations within the converter facility, but that a large safety margin for unperturbed pacemaker operation exists beneath the transmission lines.
{"title":"The Effect of Electric and Magnetic Fields Near HVDC Converter Terminal on Implanted Cardiac Pacemakers","authors":"M. Frazier","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1979.7568847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1979.7568847","url":null,"abstract":"The electromagnetic fields associated with HVDC converters and transmission lines constitute a unique environment for persons with implanted cardiac pacemakers. A measurement program has been conducted to assess the potential interfering effects of these harmonically rich fields on implanted pacemakers. The experimental procedures that were employed take into account the combined effects of the electric and magnetic fields. The effect of the resulting body current on the response of six pacemakers was assessed in the laboratory, using a previously developed model to relate body current to pacemaker pickup voltage. The results show that R-wave pacemaker reversion can be expected at some locations within the converter facility, but that a large safety margin for unperturbed pacemaker operation exists beneath the transmission lines.","PeriodicalId":283257,"journal":{"name":"1979 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"413 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115924302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1979-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1979.7568779
C. L. Smith
In considering the problem of the response of a set of whips or monopole-type structures to an. EMP event, it is not always possible to neglect the interaction of nearby elements. Situations where mutual interaction must be considered occur where a large number of antennas are installed in close proximity as on board a ship and in circular arrays. Other possibilities are the "Antenna Farm" and a parking lot where there are light poles relatively near one another. This paper develops the theory for determining the open circuit voltages and short circuit currents for such a collection of "antennas" with special attention to the Circularly Disposed Array Antenna (CDAA) or Wullenweber. In most instances, the effects of interaction of nearby objects with an antenna in the presence of an EMP event may be neglected without serious error. However, in some cases, the field itself is quite well defined, more so than is the case of the "statistical event" used in most EMP assessments, and the elements of the victim field are sufficiently close that strong interactions may be expected. It is the latter situation which has recently become of interest and to which the methods outlined in this paper are directed. The solution is given in the frequency domain, but may be readily converted to the time domain by well-known methods.
{"title":"EMP Response Prediction for Closely Spaced Monopole-Type Structures","authors":"C. L. Smith","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1979.7568779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1979.7568779","url":null,"abstract":"In considering the problem of the response of a set of whips or monopole-type structures to an. EMP event, it is not always possible to neglect the interaction of nearby elements. Situations where mutual interaction must be considered occur where a large number of antennas are installed in close proximity as on board a ship and in circular arrays. Other possibilities are the \"Antenna Farm\" and a parking lot where there are light poles relatively near one another. This paper develops the theory for determining the open circuit voltages and short circuit currents for such a collection of \"antennas\" with special attention to the Circularly Disposed Array Antenna (CDAA) or Wullenweber. In most instances, the effects of interaction of nearby objects with an antenna in the presence of an EMP event may be neglected without serious error. However, in some cases, the field itself is quite well defined, more so than is the case of the \"statistical event\" used in most EMP assessments, and the elements of the victim field are sufficiently close that strong interactions may be expected. It is the latter situation which has recently become of interest and to which the methods outlined in this paper are directed. The solution is given in the frequency domain, but may be readily converted to the time domain by well-known methods.","PeriodicalId":283257,"journal":{"name":"1979 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"172 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124749899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1979-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1979.7568856
Jack Hafer
This paper establishes test methods and procedures used to characterize the response of an Electroexplosive Subsystem (EES) when placed in an RF field in the frequency range of 250 kHz to 40 GHz. The complete test program consists of various tests required to collect the incremental results. The various tests may be performed in any order. RF impedance measurements are performed on each bridgewire of the electroexplosive device (EED) as a means of determining test frequencies.
{"title":"A Technique for Evaluating an Electroexplosive Subsystem Performance when Placed in an Electromagnetic Field","authors":"Jack Hafer","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1979.7568856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1979.7568856","url":null,"abstract":"This paper establishes test methods and procedures used to characterize the response of an Electroexplosive Subsystem (EES) when placed in an RF field in the frequency range of 250 kHz to 40 GHz. The complete test program consists of various tests required to collect the incremental results. The various tests may be performed in any order. RF impedance measurements are performed on each bridgewire of the electroexplosive device (EED) as a means of determining test frequencies.","PeriodicalId":283257,"journal":{"name":"1979 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"152 12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125895237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1979-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1979.7568827
D. A. Bull, B. W. Smithers
Interactions between co-sited antennas on airframes can seriously limit the performance of control, guidance and communications systems. Much ground and in-flight data has been gathered and laboratory investigations have indicated where improvements can be made. Empirical formulae have been developed which are applicable for both in-band and out-of-band frequencies.
{"title":"Antenna-to-Antenna Coupling in Aircraft Radio Systems","authors":"D. A. Bull, B. W. Smithers","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1979.7568827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1979.7568827","url":null,"abstract":"Interactions between co-sited antennas on airframes can seriously limit the performance of control, guidance and communications systems. Much ground and in-flight data has been gathered and laboratory investigations have indicated where improvements can be made. Empirical formulae have been developed which are applicable for both in-band and out-of-band frequencies.","PeriodicalId":283257,"journal":{"name":"1979 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121719848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1979-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1979.7568784
D. Bodnar, H. W. Denny, B. M. Jenkins
A specialized test fixture for measuring the shielding effectiveness of conductively loaded plastic panels was designed and constructed. This fixture is described in detail. With this fixture, the shielding effectiveness of several test panels was measured over the frequency range of 10 MHz to 1000 MHz. Typical results are presented.
{"title":"Shielding Effectiveness Measurements on Conductive Plastics","authors":"D. Bodnar, H. W. Denny, B. M. Jenkins","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1979.7568784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1979.7568784","url":null,"abstract":"A specialized test fixture for measuring the shielding effectiveness of conductively loaded plastic panels was designed and constructed. This fixture is described in detail. With this fixture, the shielding effectiveness of several test panels was measured over the frequency range of 10 MHz to 1000 MHz. Typical results are presented.","PeriodicalId":283257,"journal":{"name":"1979 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122113860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1979-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1979.7568825
G. Capraro, C. Paul
A study of the feasibility of developing a wire routing algorithm to minimize wire-coupled interference is discussed. An optimal wire routing algorithm is presented which generates a wire bundle (harness) configuration that minimizes the wire-coupled interference and satisfies certain physical constraints such as allowable bundle segment paths. The wire coupling model and the compatibility criteria are also discussed. It is shown that the optimal wire routing problem can be reduced to an iterative tree building algorithm. Implementation of the algorithm for a digital computer is briefly discussed and an example is presented.
{"title":"Design of Wire Routing for EMC","authors":"G. Capraro, C. Paul","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1979.7568825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1979.7568825","url":null,"abstract":"A study of the feasibility of developing a wire routing algorithm to minimize wire-coupled interference is discussed. An optimal wire routing algorithm is presented which generates a wire bundle (harness) configuration that minimizes the wire-coupled interference and satisfies certain physical constraints such as allowable bundle segment paths. The wire coupling model and the compatibility criteria are also discussed. It is shown that the optimal wire routing problem can be reduced to an iterative tree building algorithm. Implementation of the algorithm for a digital computer is briefly discussed and an example is presented.","PeriodicalId":283257,"journal":{"name":"1979 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129778829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1979-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1979.7568833
M. Lustgarten
Results of measurements of receiver intermodulation products are reviewed. A large number of products were identified, many of which could result in degradation of performance of communications receivers collocated with transmitters using the same or adjacent tuning ranges. Probable mechanisms are described and suggestions provided for ranking the relative significance of the various interactions.
{"title":"Significant Receiver Intermodulation (RIM) Products","authors":"M. Lustgarten","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1979.7568833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1979.7568833","url":null,"abstract":"Results of measurements of receiver intermodulation products are reviewed. A large number of products were identified, many of which could result in degradation of performance of communications receivers collocated with transmitters using the same or adjacent tuning ranges. Probable mechanisms are described and suggestions provided for ranking the relative significance of the various interactions.","PeriodicalId":283257,"journal":{"name":"1979 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125756402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1979-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1979.7568789
E. Schulte
NASA JSC and SAE Committee AE-4L have provided useful documents which define severe high-current test waveforms for lightning damage effects testing. The defined waveforms pose a challenge to laboratory simulation facilities when attempts are made to simulate the complex waveforms in their entirety. This paper discusses the need and impact of combined waveform testing. It also presents the results of successful efforts to combine a high-peak current, an intermediate current, a continuing current, and a high-current restrike.
NASA JSC和SAE委员会AE-4L提供了有用的文件，定义了雷电损坏效果测试的严重大电流测试波形。当试图完整地模拟复杂波形时，定义的波形对实验室模拟设施提出了挑战。论述了组合波形测试的必要性和影响。它还介绍了成功结合峰值电流、中间电流、持续电流和大电流重击的结果。
{"title":"Multiple-Component Lightning High-Current Testing","authors":"E. Schulte","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1979.7568789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1979.7568789","url":null,"abstract":"NASA JSC and SAE Committee AE-4L have provided useful documents which define severe high-current test waveforms for lightning damage effects testing. The defined waveforms pose a challenge to laboratory simulation facilities when attempts are made to simulate the complex waveforms in their entirety. This paper discusses the need and impact of combined waveform testing. It also presents the results of successful efforts to combine a high-peak current, an intermediate current, a continuing current, and a high-current restrike.","PeriodicalId":283257,"journal":{"name":"1979 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126932949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1979-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1979.7568813
G. Kunkel
The effects which corrosion can have on a gasketed joint is documented. This documentation is in the form of illustrating previous published work and the results of moisture and salt spray tests which were performed on gasketed joints. The results include conclusions and recommendations based upon the referenced previously published information and the testing reported in the paper. The recommendations list a series of gasket materials and surface plating which can be successfully used without experiencing excessive corrosion as a function of the required environment and level of shielding.
{"title":"Corrosion Effects on EMI Gasketed Joints","authors":"G. Kunkel","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1979.7568813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1979.7568813","url":null,"abstract":"The effects which corrosion can have on a gasketed joint is documented. This documentation is in the form of illustrating previous published work and the results of moisture and salt spray tests which were performed on gasketed joints. The results include conclusions and recommendations based upon the referenced previously published information and the testing reported in the paper. The recommendations list a series of gasket materials and surface plating which can be successfully used without experiencing excessive corrosion as a function of the required environment and level of shielding.","PeriodicalId":283257,"journal":{"name":"1979 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"270 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120898066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1979-10-01DOI: 10.1109/ISEMC.1979.7568846
I. Sreenivasiah, D. Chang, M. Ma
Currently there is considerable interest in developing a method to measure the radiated EM emissions and EM susceptibility of electronic equipment. Rectangular coaxial TEM cells developed at NBS for this purpose have been found to be quite satisfactory in establishing standard test field environment for such measurements. One must have a method to obtain the free space radiation characteristics of a test object from measurements taken inside such a cell. To do this we may consider a typical equipment under test (EUT) to consist of an electrically small box housing low frequency AC circuits. The current carrying conductors in each AC circuit may be replaced by equivalent electric/ magnetic dipoles with appropriate phases, and all such dipoles may be combined into a system consisting of three orthogonal electric and three orthogonal magnetic dipoles each excited with arbitrary phase.
{"title":"Emission of Electrically Small Radiating Sources from Tests Inside a TEM Cell","authors":"I. Sreenivasiah, D. Chang, M. Ma","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1979.7568846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1979.7568846","url":null,"abstract":"Currently there is considerable interest in developing a method to measure the radiated EM emissions and EM susceptibility of electronic equipment. Rectangular coaxial TEM cells developed at NBS for this purpose have been found to be quite satisfactory in establishing standard test field environment for such measurements. One must have a method to obtain the free space radiation characteristics of a test object from measurements taken inside such a cell. To do this we may consider a typical equipment under test (EUT) to consist of an electrically small box housing low frequency AC circuits. The current carrying conductors in each AC circuit may be replaced by equivalent electric/ magnetic dipoles with appropriate phases, and all such dipoles may be combined into a system consisting of three orthogonal electric and three orthogonal magnetic dipoles each excited with arbitrary phase.","PeriodicalId":283257,"journal":{"name":"1979 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1979-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133774500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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