Pub Date : 2018-06-18DOI: 10.15406/FRCIJ.2018.06.00208
M. A. Ocaña, Iñaki Rivera Beiras
After the death of the dictator Francisco Franco in 1975, the need and urgency to normalize various issues and hot issues of Spanish public life were notorious. The political changes that were coming, the resolution of the problems posed by the historical nationalities of the State, the unavoidable Spanish opening to the exterior,1 the recognition and legalization of political parties and workers’ unions,2 the renovation, depuration and regulation of police apparatuses,3–8 the construction of a democratic magistracy,9 the amnesty for political prisoners and the urgency to carry out a penance reform,10–16 among many other issues not mentioned here, make up a picture that illustrates, precisely, to the context in which the new State-form was built, which would be reflected in the constitutional pact.
{"title":"Jail in spain times of economic crisis","authors":"M. A. Ocaña, Iñaki Rivera Beiras","doi":"10.15406/FRCIJ.2018.06.00208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/FRCIJ.2018.06.00208","url":null,"abstract":"After the death of the dictator Francisco Franco in 1975, the need and urgency to normalize various issues and hot issues of Spanish public life were notorious. The political changes that were coming, the resolution of the problems posed by the historical nationalities of the State, the unavoidable Spanish opening to the exterior,1 the recognition and legalization of political parties and workers’ unions,2 the renovation, depuration and regulation of police apparatuses,3–8 the construction of a democratic magistracy,9 the amnesty for political prisoners and the urgency to carry out a penance reform,10–16 among many other issues not mentioned here, make up a picture that illustrates, precisely, to the context in which the new State-form was built, which would be reflected in the constitutional pact.","PeriodicalId":284029,"journal":{"name":"Foresic Research & Criminology International Journal","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127684402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-13DOI: 10.15406/frcij.2018.06.00207
Bogomolov Dv, Putincev Va, Golubev Am, Sundukov Dv
{"title":"Determination of the duration of dying and death rate due to morphological signs","authors":"Bogomolov Dv, Putincev Va, Golubev Am, Sundukov Dv","doi":"10.15406/frcij.2018.06.00207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/frcij.2018.06.00207","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":284029,"journal":{"name":"Foresic Research & Criminology International Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129878225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-06DOI: 10.15406/frcij.2018.06.00206
D. Ross, Michael H. Hazlett
Excited delirium syndrome (ExDS) has been defined as the sudden death of an individual involving an acute (minutes to hours) transient disturbance in consciousness and cognition, marked by disorientation, disorganized and inconsistent thought processes, inability to distinguish reality from hallucinations, disturbances in speech, disorientation to time and place, and misidentification of individuals.1 In a majority of these deaths the individual exhibited violent behaviors, struggled with police, correction officers, or medical personnel during control and physical restraint of the person, within a matter of several minutes after the cessation of the struggle the person is observed to be in cardiopulmonary arrest and resuscitation is usually unsuccessful. Frequently an autopsy does not reveal anatomic evidence to show trauma or natural disease or toxicological findings sufficient to explain the death. Commonly, pathologists cite the symptoms of ExDS on the death certificate as contributing factors of the death.2–4 Deaths associated with ExDS were first reported in a case report in 1849 when psychiatrist Dr. Luther Bell at the McClean Asylum for the Insane in Massachusetts described the condition of 40 mentally ill patients who died from a fatal new disease.5 Common features observed in these patient’s deaths included: fever, rapid pulse, increasing confusion, loss of appetite and sleep, mania, and violent behaviors. Patients condition deteriorated over several weeks before dying. The clinical condition was referred to as Bell’s Mania or acute exhaustive mania and is considered the forerunner of the syndrome of ExDS.1,2,4,6 Other case reports described similar symptoms of Bell’s Mania and were referred to as acute delirious mania, lethal catatonia, acute psychotic furors exhaustive syndrome, and typhoma. As new antipsychotic medications emerged through the 1950s, the incidence of deaths associated with Bell’s Mania declined. By the mid-1980s a number of deaths associated with cocaine use were reported by Fishbain and Wetli and they described symptoms associated with chronic stimulant abuse as excited delirium.7 Common factors observed in these deaths included: acute drug intoxication, mental illness, agitation, hyperactivity, violence, bizarre and self-injurious behaviors, hallucinations, delusions, paranoia, and elevated body temperature.
{"title":"Assessing the symptoms associated with excited delirium syndrome and the use of conducted energy weapons","authors":"D. Ross, Michael H. Hazlett","doi":"10.15406/frcij.2018.06.00206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/frcij.2018.06.00206","url":null,"abstract":"Excited delirium syndrome (ExDS) has been defined as the sudden death of an individual involving an acute (minutes to hours) transient disturbance in consciousness and cognition, marked by disorientation, disorganized and inconsistent thought processes, inability to distinguish reality from hallucinations, disturbances in speech, disorientation to time and place, and misidentification of individuals.1 In a majority of these deaths the individual exhibited violent behaviors, struggled with police, correction officers, or medical personnel during control and physical restraint of the person, within a matter of several minutes after the cessation of the struggle the person is observed to be in cardiopulmonary arrest and resuscitation is usually unsuccessful. Frequently an autopsy does not reveal anatomic evidence to show trauma or natural disease or toxicological findings sufficient to explain the death. Commonly, pathologists cite the symptoms of ExDS on the death certificate as contributing factors of the death.2–4 Deaths associated with ExDS were first reported in a case report in 1849 when psychiatrist Dr. Luther Bell at the McClean Asylum for the Insane in Massachusetts described the condition of 40 mentally ill patients who died from a fatal new disease.5 Common features observed in these patient’s deaths included: fever, rapid pulse, increasing confusion, loss of appetite and sleep, mania, and violent behaviors. Patients condition deteriorated over several weeks before dying. The clinical condition was referred to as Bell’s Mania or acute exhaustive mania and is considered the forerunner of the syndrome of ExDS.1,2,4,6 Other case reports described similar symptoms of Bell’s Mania and were referred to as acute delirious mania, lethal catatonia, acute psychotic furors exhaustive syndrome, and typhoma. As new antipsychotic medications emerged through the 1950s, the incidence of deaths associated with Bell’s Mania declined. By the mid-1980s a number of deaths associated with cocaine use were reported by Fishbain and Wetli and they described symptoms associated with chronic stimulant abuse as excited delirium.7 Common factors observed in these deaths included: acute drug intoxication, mental illness, agitation, hyperactivity, violence, bizarre and self-injurious behaviors, hallucinations, delusions, paranoia, and elevated body temperature.","PeriodicalId":284029,"journal":{"name":"Foresic Research & Criminology International Journal","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133196430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-04DOI: 10.15406/FRCIJ.2018.06.00205
K. Kaya, M. K. Gülmen, Eren Akgündüz, E. B. Çelik, A. Hilal
Senility is a process which must be evaluated with the dimensions of physical, psychological and social. Most studies about senility discuss physiological dimension at senility definition and classification. Senility in physiological dimension represents changes seen with chronological ages; chronologic senility is defined as being over age 65. Gerontologists classify senility as early senility period between ages of 65-74; middle senility period between ages of 75-84 and late senility period over the age of 85.1–3 Elderly population is increasing in our country as well as at worldwide. At the year of 1985, people over the age of 65 forms 4.2% of Turkish population. This ratio is now 7.4% according to 2012 data. This ratio is expected to be as 12% at the year of 2020.4 Geriatric trauma cases is increasing everyday because of increased time of life and increased ratio of elderly people due to improved lifestyle conditions. For this reason this subject is being of more interest to forensic sciences. Despite the fact that trauma is considered as a situation specific to young population; it has the 5th place at leading causes of deaths among the people over 65 years in western societies.5
{"title":"Geriatric traumas in the judicial reports of Adana, Turkey","authors":"K. Kaya, M. K. Gülmen, Eren Akgündüz, E. B. Çelik, A. Hilal","doi":"10.15406/FRCIJ.2018.06.00205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/FRCIJ.2018.06.00205","url":null,"abstract":"Senility is a process which must be evaluated with the dimensions of physical, psychological and social. Most studies about senility discuss physiological dimension at senility definition and classification. Senility in physiological dimension represents changes seen with chronological ages; chronologic senility is defined as being over age 65. Gerontologists classify senility as early senility period between ages of 65-74; middle senility period between ages of 75-84 and late senility period over the age of 85.1–3 Elderly population is increasing in our country as well as at worldwide. At the year of 1985, people over the age of 65 forms 4.2% of Turkish population. This ratio is now 7.4% according to 2012 data. This ratio is expected to be as 12% at the year of 2020.4 Geriatric trauma cases is increasing everyday because of increased time of life and increased ratio of elderly people due to improved lifestyle conditions. For this reason this subject is being of more interest to forensic sciences. Despite the fact that trauma is considered as a situation specific to young population; it has the 5th place at leading causes of deaths among the people over 65 years in western societies.5","PeriodicalId":284029,"journal":{"name":"Foresic Research & Criminology International Journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121209069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-31DOI: 10.15406/frcij.2018.06.00204
K. Narayan., Varsha V. Kumar, Girish Hemadala, S. Murgod, M. SaiKavya
Identification of an individual by using diverse characteristics is a never ending challenging task. Dentist have a significant role in recognition process as oral cavity constitutes major evidence sites like lip, palate, teeth which has unique morphological features that differentiates from one person from another.1 Though several personal identification methods like chelioscopy, rugoscopy, bite mark analysis, DNA sampling, photography are greatly substantial in the recent years, an older yet highly significant individualistic method which plays a major part in personal identification either in the crime investigation or civil negotiations are Finger-patterns. Finger-patterns represent a set of minute raised ridges appearing as epidermal configuration on the volar aspect of the palmar and plantar regions that are highly constant and unique for each individual.2 Oral soft tissue examination for identification fails to reproduce details in accuracy and may not be an efficient method in cases of decomposed, burnt or buried bodies. In such scenario dental hard structures chiefly enamel being patterned hard tissue due to arrangement of enamel rod ends resist high decomposition and heat, found to be unique for every individual provides a key proof of identity.3
{"title":"Role of ectodermal derivatives as a personal identification tool-a forensic perspective","authors":"K. Narayan., Varsha V. Kumar, Girish Hemadala, S. Murgod, M. SaiKavya","doi":"10.15406/frcij.2018.06.00204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/frcij.2018.06.00204","url":null,"abstract":"Identification of an individual by using diverse characteristics is a never ending challenging task. Dentist have a significant role in recognition process as oral cavity constitutes major evidence sites like lip, palate, teeth which has unique morphological features that differentiates from one person from another.1 Though several personal identification methods like chelioscopy, rugoscopy, bite mark analysis, DNA sampling, photography are greatly substantial in the recent years, an older yet highly significant individualistic method which plays a major part in personal identification either in the crime investigation or civil negotiations are Finger-patterns. Finger-patterns represent a set of minute raised ridges appearing as epidermal configuration on the volar aspect of the palmar and plantar regions that are highly constant and unique for each individual.2 Oral soft tissue examination for identification fails to reproduce details in accuracy and may not be an efficient method in cases of decomposed, burnt or buried bodies. In such scenario dental hard structures chiefly enamel being patterned hard tissue due to arrangement of enamel rod ends resist high decomposition and heat, found to be unique for every individual provides a key proof of identity.3","PeriodicalId":284029,"journal":{"name":"Foresic Research & Criminology International Journal","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133757162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-30DOI: 10.15406/frcij.2018.06.00203
M. Arteaga
Psychiatrists are often requested for medical examination to assess children who may have been physically or sexually abused. The purpose of the evaluation may be clinical, to determine if the child has an emotional disorder and the reason for this disorder; or forensic, to determine if the abuse occurred and who might be the abuser. An important clinical and forensic aspect in the evaluation of these children is due to the credibility of the children’s testimony.1 Fantastical pseudology goes by multiple different names including pathologic lying and mythomania.2 According to Delbrück, the fantastical pseudology would be ‘The urgent to pathological lying and exaggeration’ and for Dupré, ‘mythomania’ is defined as’ Constitutional tendency to the alteration of truth, to fabulation, to lie and to the creation of imaginary fables’, so both terms are used as synonyms.3 In the reported case, fantastical pseudology is illustrated as a manifestation of infantile testimony followed by discussion of its characteristics and the possible differential diagnosis.
{"title":"Fantastical pseudology in forensic psychiatric exploration","authors":"M. Arteaga","doi":"10.15406/frcij.2018.06.00203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/frcij.2018.06.00203","url":null,"abstract":"Psychiatrists are often requested for medical examination to assess children who may have been physically or sexually abused. The purpose of the evaluation may be clinical, to determine if the child has an emotional disorder and the reason for this disorder; or forensic, to determine if the abuse occurred and who might be the abuser. An important clinical and forensic aspect in the evaluation of these children is due to the credibility of the children’s testimony.1 Fantastical pseudology goes by multiple different names including pathologic lying and mythomania.2 According to Delbrück, the fantastical pseudology would be ‘The urgent to pathological lying and exaggeration’ and for Dupré, ‘mythomania’ is defined as’ Constitutional tendency to the alteration of truth, to fabulation, to lie and to the creation of imaginary fables’, so both terms are used as synonyms.3 In the reported case, fantastical pseudology is illustrated as a manifestation of infantile testimony followed by discussion of its characteristics and the possible differential diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":284029,"journal":{"name":"Foresic Research & Criminology International Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125890631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-29DOI: 10.15406/frcij.2018.06.00202
J. J. Sáez
The cutting of vegetation has been considered one of the greatest impacts that the human being has made on the ecosystem.1 The change of the land use (harvesting, deforestation, and conversion of grasslands and wetlands), has been reduced the stock of global terrestrial plant in 45% in the last 200 years, with a third of these being achieved in the twentieth century.2 The flora and vegetation are a fundamental pillar for the concept of ecosystem service, they purify the air and water, generate oxygen, stabilizes the soil and serves as habitat for the animals.3 Considering the importance of this ecosystem several countries consider the cutting of vegetation and plants as illegal.4–7 An example is what happens in Chile, where the cut of native vegetation might be considered as an environmental damage. In Chile the environmental damage is regulated by the law No. 19,300 (General Bases of Environment), where it is designated that all the negligent or that willfully cause damage to the environment, will be obliged to repair it materially, at their cost, if this possible, and compensate it in accordance with the law.8,9 Environmental damage involves the obvious transgression to the constitutional right to live in an environment without pollution.8 In this way, the 19,300 law defines environmental damage for all legal purposes as “any loss, decrease, detriment or significant impairment inferred to the environment or to one or more of its components (article 2 letter e)”. Within the environmental damage there is the destruction of native vegetation.
{"title":"A method to rebuild vegetation formations to determinate environmental damage","authors":"J. J. Sáez","doi":"10.15406/frcij.2018.06.00202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/frcij.2018.06.00202","url":null,"abstract":"The cutting of vegetation has been considered one of the greatest impacts that the human being has made on the ecosystem.1 The change of the land use (harvesting, deforestation, and conversion of grasslands and wetlands), has been reduced the stock of global terrestrial plant in 45% in the last 200 years, with a third of these being achieved in the twentieth century.2 The flora and vegetation are a fundamental pillar for the concept of ecosystem service, they purify the air and water, generate oxygen, stabilizes the soil and serves as habitat for the animals.3 Considering the importance of this ecosystem several countries consider the cutting of vegetation and plants as illegal.4–7 An example is what happens in Chile, where the cut of native vegetation might be considered as an environmental damage. In Chile the environmental damage is regulated by the law No. 19,300 (General Bases of Environment), where it is designated that all the negligent or that willfully cause damage to the environment, will be obliged to repair it materially, at their cost, if this possible, and compensate it in accordance with the law.8,9 Environmental damage involves the obvious transgression to the constitutional right to live in an environment without pollution.8 In this way, the 19,300 law defines environmental damage for all legal purposes as “any loss, decrease, detriment or significant impairment inferred to the environment or to one or more of its components (article 2 letter e)”. Within the environmental damage there is the destruction of native vegetation.","PeriodicalId":284029,"journal":{"name":"Foresic Research & Criminology International Journal","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133581130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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