Colorectal carcinoma is one of the most common malignant tumors of gastrointestinal tract and is a contributing factor of cancer mortality in Myanmar. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 is a proteolytic enzyme which breaks down extracellular matrix leading to tumor progression, contri-buting as a potential prognostic marker nowadays. The study was aimed to determine MMP-9 immunoexpression in colorectal adenocarcinoma and its association with Astler-Coller staging. A cross-sectional descrip-tive study was done on 42 specimens of colorectal adenocarcinoma. All tissue specimens were studied with haematoxylin and eosin to categorize histological types and grades. Out of 42 cases, 21.4% were well differentiated, 57.2% were moderately differentiated and 21.4% were poorly differentiated. According to Astler-Coller staging, 11.9% were found to be in stage B1, 40.5% in stage B2, 7.1% in stage C1, 33.3% in stage C2 and 7.1% in stage D. 81% (34/42) of colorectal carcinoma showed positive MMP-9 immunoexpression. Positive MMP-9 immuno-expression was seen in 91% of conventional adenocarcinoma, 40% of mucinous carcinoma and no cases signet ring carcinoma. The findings of the study pointed out that MMP-9 immunoexpression was positively associated with histological types of colorectal adenocarcinoma (p=0.001). MMP-9 immunoexpression was positive in 88.9% of well differentiated adenocarcinoma, 91.7% of moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma and 44.4% of poorly-differentiated adenocarcinoma (p=0.007). Regarding the immunoexpression of MMP-9 in different Astler-Coller staging, positive MMP-9 immunoexpression was seen in 60% of the cases in stage B1, 76.5% in stage B2, 66.7% in stage C1, 92.9% in stage C2 and 100% in stage D. The findings of the study can be extrapolated to predict prognosis and help in better management of colorectal adenocarcinoma by introducing targeted therapy against MMP-9 in future.
{"title":"Immunoexpression of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in Colorectal Adenocarcinoma","authors":"","doi":"10.34299/mhsrj.00958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34299/mhsrj.00958","url":null,"abstract":"Colorectal carcinoma is one of the most common malignant tumors of gastrointestinal tract and is a contributing factor of cancer mortality in Myanmar. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 is a proteolytic enzyme which breaks down extracellular matrix leading to tumor progression, contri-buting as a potential prognostic marker nowadays. The study was aimed to determine MMP-9 immunoexpression in colorectal adenocarcinoma and its association with Astler-Coller staging. A cross-sectional descrip-tive study was done on 42 specimens of colorectal adenocarcinoma. All tissue specimens were studied with haematoxylin and eosin to categorize histological types and grades. Out of 42 cases, 21.4% were well differentiated, 57.2% were moderately differentiated and 21.4% were poorly differentiated. According to Astler-Coller staging, 11.9% were found to be in stage B1, 40.5% in stage B2, 7.1% in stage C1, 33.3% in stage C2 and 7.1% in stage D. 81% (34/42) of colorectal carcinoma showed positive MMP-9 immunoexpression. Positive MMP-9 immuno-expression was seen in 91% of conventional adenocarcinoma, 40% of mucinous carcinoma and no cases signet ring carcinoma. The findings of the study pointed out that MMP-9 immunoexpression was positively associated with histological types of colorectal adenocarcinoma (p=0.001). MMP-9 immunoexpression was positive in 88.9% of well differentiated adenocarcinoma, 91.7% of moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma and 44.4% of poorly-differentiated adenocarcinoma (p=0.007). Regarding the immunoexpression of MMP-9 in different Astler-Coller staging, positive MMP-9 immunoexpression was seen in 60% of the cases in stage B1, 76.5% in stage B2, 66.7% in stage C1, 92.9% in stage C2 and 100% in stage D. The findings of the study can be extrapolated to predict prognosis and help in better management of colorectal adenocarcinoma by introducing targeted therapy against MMP-9 in future.","PeriodicalId":284864,"journal":{"name":"Myanmar Health Sciences Research Journal","volume":"384 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120880907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hepatitis B Virus Serological Markers in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infected Individuals at Specialist Hospital, Waibagi, Yangon","authors":"","doi":"10.34299/mhsrj.00959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34299/mhsrj.00959","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":284864,"journal":{"name":"Myanmar Health Sciences Research Journal","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126188919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Smokers have increased risk of death more than non-smokers due to its association with cancer, vascular and respiratory diseases, and tuberculosis. Epidemiological research has generally relied upon self-report information concerning smoking status but the validity is limited. Biochemical markers have been used in research on smoking are based on thiocyanate, nicotine, cotinine and carbon monoxide. Among them, thiocyanate is chosen as biomarker of smoking because of its long half-life. The aim of the study was to demonstrate the suitability of urinary, blood and salivary thiocynates (SCN‾) as indicators of smoking and to investigate the correlation among its content in salivary, serum and urinary SCN‾, and duration and amount of smoking. Thiocyanate levels were determined by spectrophotometric method in saliva, serum and urine samples to compare in smokers, passive smokers and non-smokers. The median saliva thiocyanate concentration of smokers [43.79(8.14-187.59 mg/ml)] was significantly higher (p<0.001) as compared to that of passive smokers [26.26(7.95-80.04 mg/ml)] and non-smokers [25.00(5.23-69.96 mg/ml)]. The salivary thiocyanate levels significantly correlated with duration of smoking in years (r=0.366) and number of cigarette smoking per day (r=0.316). Among three types of body fluids, saliva thiocyanate is the best biological marker for discrimination of smoking status. Heavy smokers can be distinguished from passive smokers and non-smokers by determination of thiocyanate level in saliva.
{"title":"Usefulness of Thiocyanate as a Biological Marker for Discrimination of Smoking Status","authors":"","doi":"10.34299/mhsrj.00948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34299/mhsrj.00948","url":null,"abstract":"Smokers have increased risk of death more than non-smokers due to its association with cancer, vascular and respiratory diseases, and tuberculosis. Epidemiological research has generally relied upon self-report information concerning smoking status but the validity is limited. Biochemical markers have been used in research on smoking are based on thiocyanate, nicotine, cotinine and carbon monoxide. Among them, thiocyanate is chosen as biomarker of smoking because of its long half-life. The aim of the study was to demonstrate the suitability of urinary, blood and salivary thiocynates (SCN‾) as indicators of smoking and to investigate the correlation among its content in salivary, serum and urinary SCN‾, and duration and amount of smoking. Thiocyanate levels were determined by spectrophotometric method in saliva, serum and urine samples to compare in smokers, passive smokers and non-smokers. The median saliva thiocyanate concentration of smokers [43.79(8.14-187.59 mg/ml)] was significantly higher (p<0.001) as compared to that of passive smokers [26.26(7.95-80.04 mg/ml)] and non-smokers [25.00(5.23-69.96 mg/ml)]. The salivary thiocyanate levels significantly correlated with duration of smoking in years (r=0.366) and number of cigarette smoking per day (r=0.316). Among three types of body fluids, saliva thiocyanate is the best biological marker for discrimination of smoking status. Heavy smokers can be distinguished from passive smokers and non-smokers by determination of thiocyanate level in saliva.","PeriodicalId":284864,"journal":{"name":"Myanmar Health Sciences Research Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131963204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wynn Mon, M. Maw, H. Win, Hsu Theingi, M. Ohnmar, T. Thwin
Prognosis for patients with malignant ascites is poor and median survival is only a few months. Treatment of malignant ascites ranges from simple drainage procedures to chemotherapy and debulking surgery. Careful selection of treatment modality by using clinicpathological parameters could improve not only the survival but also the quality of life of the patients. So this hospital-based prospective study aimed to find out the parameters predicting poor prognosis among patients with confirmed malignant ascites admitted to Oncology Department, Yangon General Hospital. This study included 102 patients with malignant ascites. Among them, 19(18.6%) were male patients and 83(81.4%) were female with age ranging from 15 to 73 years (mean age 46.35±12.9 years). Common cancers associated with malignant ascites were ovarian cancer (32.35%), stomach cancer (19.61%) and breast cancer (9.80%). Sixty-four percent of patients presented with stage IV. Common metastatic sites were liver (37.27%), peritoneum (16.67%) and lungs (11.76%) and 28 patients (27.45%) had more than one site of metastasis. Eight patients (7.8%) were in Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) per-formance status score 1 and 23 patients (22.5%) were in ECOG score 4. The time interval between first diagnosis and development of malignant ascites ranged from 0 to 120 months. Only 33 patients (32.4%) were still alive after 6-month follow- up. High serum urea level was associated with better prognosis (OR =0.19, 95% CI 0.04-0.99), however, primary advanced stage (OR=3.30, 95% CI 1.26-258.62), and high serum creatinine level (OR=9.15, 95% CI 1.71-71.21) significantly worsened the prognosis in patients with malignant ascites.
恶性腹水患者预后差，中位生存期只有几个月。恶性腹水的治疗范围从简单的引流到化疗和减腹水手术。根据临床病理参数精心选择治疗方式，不仅可以提高患者的生存率，而且可以提高患者的生活质量。因此本前瞻性研究旨在了解仰光总医院肿瘤科确诊恶性腹水患者预后不良的预测参数。本研究纳入102例恶性腹水患者。其中男性19例(18.6%)，女性83例(81.4%)，年龄15 ~ 73岁，平均年龄46.35±12.9岁。与恶性腹水相关的常见肿瘤为卵巢癌(32.35%)、胃癌(19.61%)和乳腺癌(9.80%)。常见的转移部位为肝脏(37.27%)、腹膜(16.67%)和肺(11.76%)，28例(27.45%)患者有不止一个转移部位。东部肿瘤合作组(ECOG)表现状态评分1分8例(7.8%)，评分4分23例(22.5%)。从首次诊断到发展为恶性腹水的时间间隔为0 ~ 120个月。随访6个月后，仅有33例(32.4%)患者存活。高血清尿素水平与较好的预后相关(OR= 0.19, 95% CI 0.04-0.99)，但原发性晚期(OR=3.30, 95% CI 1.26-258.62)和高血清肌酐水平(OR=9.15, 95% CI 1.71-71.21)显著恶化了恶性腹水患者的预后。
{"title":"Parameters Predicting Poor Prognosis in Patients with Malignant Ascites in Yangon General Hospital","authors":"Wynn Mon, M. Maw, H. Win, Hsu Theingi, M. Ohnmar, T. Thwin","doi":"10.34299/mhsrj.00946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34299/mhsrj.00946","url":null,"abstract":"Prognosis for patients with malignant ascites is poor and median survival is only a few months. Treatment of malignant ascites ranges from simple drainage procedures to chemotherapy and debulking surgery. Careful selection of treatment modality by using clinicpathological parameters could improve not only the survival but also the quality of life of the patients. So this hospital-based prospective study aimed to find out the parameters predicting poor prognosis among patients with confirmed malignant ascites admitted to Oncology Department, Yangon General Hospital. This study included 102 patients with malignant ascites. Among them, 19(18.6%) were male patients and 83(81.4%) were female with age ranging from 15 to 73 years (mean age 46.35±12.9 years). Common cancers associated with malignant ascites were ovarian cancer (32.35%), stomach cancer (19.61%) and breast cancer (9.80%). Sixty-four percent of patients presented with stage IV. Common metastatic sites were liver (37.27%), peritoneum (16.67%) and lungs (11.76%) and 28 patients (27.45%) had more than one site of metastasis. Eight patients (7.8%) were in Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) per-formance status score 1 and 23 patients (22.5%) were in ECOG score 4. The time interval between first diagnosis and development of malignant ascites ranged from 0 to 120 months. Only 33 patients (32.4%) were still alive after 6-month follow- up. High serum urea level was associated with better prognosis (OR =0.19, 95% CI 0.04-0.99), however, primary advanced stage (OR=3.30, 95% CI 1.26-258.62), and high serum creatinine level (OR=9.15, 95% CI 1.71-71.21) significantly worsened the prognosis in patients with malignant ascites.","PeriodicalId":284864,"journal":{"name":"Myanmar Health Sciences Research Journal","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114021836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In Myanmar, the main challenge to provide quality healthcare by Universal Health Care approach is documented as low health services coverage with substantial wealth-based inequality. To achieve the effective health care system, strong medical care system is essential. Understanding on challenges and needs in provision of medical services among patients and health care providers is critical to provide quality care with desirable outcomes. The aim of the study was to explore the patients’ and health care providers’ perceptions on the challenges in provision of medical services at the Mandalay General Hospital. This was a qualitative study conducted at the tertiary level hospital (Mandalay General Hospital). The data was collected by using focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with hospitalized patients or attendants, healthcare providers such as medical doctors, nurses, laboratory scientists and hospital administrators in March 2017. The qualitative data was analyzed using themes by themes matrix analysis. Most patients were satisfied with the care provided by the doctors because they believed that they received quality care. However, some patients complained about long waiting time for elective operation, congested conditions in the ward, burden for investigations outside the hospital for urgent needs and impolite manners of general workers. Healthcare providers reported that they had heavy workload due to limited human and financial resources in the hospital, poor compliances with hospital rules and regulation among patients and attendants, and inefficient referral practices from other health facilities. Other challenges experienced by healthcare providers were lack of ongoing training to improve knowledge and skills, limited health infrastructure and inadequate medicinal supplies. The findings highlighted the areas needed to be improved to provide quality health care at the tertiary level hospital. The challenges and problems encountered in this hospital can be improved by allocating adequate financial and human resources. The systematic referral system and hospital management guidelines are needed to reduce workload of health staff.
{"title":"Current Practices and Challenges of Medical Services on Health Care System of Mandalay General Hospital","authors":"","doi":"10.34299/mhsrj.00936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34299/mhsrj.00936","url":null,"abstract":"In Myanmar, the main challenge to provide quality healthcare by Universal Health Care approach is documented as low health services coverage with substantial wealth-based inequality. To achieve the effective health care system, strong medical care system is essential. Understanding on challenges and needs in provision of medical services among patients and health care providers is critical to provide quality care with desirable outcomes. The aim of the study was to explore the patients’ and health care providers’ perceptions on the challenges in provision of medical services at the Mandalay General Hospital. This was a qualitative study conducted at the tertiary level hospital (Mandalay General Hospital). The data was collected by using focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with hospitalized patients or attendants, healthcare providers such as medical doctors, nurses, laboratory scientists and hospital administrators in March 2017. The qualitative data was analyzed using themes by themes matrix analysis. Most patients were satisfied with the care provided by the doctors because they believed that they received quality care. However, some patients complained about long waiting time for elective operation, congested conditions in the ward, burden for investigations outside the hospital for urgent needs and impolite manners of general workers. Healthcare providers reported that they had heavy workload due to limited human and financial resources in the hospital, poor compliances with hospital rules and regulation among patients and attendants, and inefficient referral practices from other health facilities. Other challenges experienced by healthcare providers were lack of ongoing training to improve knowledge and skills, limited health infrastructure and inadequate medicinal supplies. The findings highlighted the areas needed to be improved to provide quality health care at the tertiary level hospital. The challenges and problems encountered in this hospital can be improved by allocating adequate financial and human resources. The systematic referral system and hospital management guidelines are needed to reduce workload of health staff.","PeriodicalId":284864,"journal":{"name":"Myanmar Health Sciences Research Journal","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114689709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Quality of Oral Health Care (OHC) services has received increasing attention in recent years. Little is known about patient satisfaction in quality of it in Myanmar context. Its success can be generally assessed by the level of patient satisfaction in the variety of clinical setting, for instance, private clinics as well as in teaching dental university. This study aimed to determine the level satisfaction of patients after visiting the University of Dental Medicine, Yangon (UDMY). A total of 207 patients visiting five clinical departments of UDMY were investigated from October to December, 2017. A questionnaire covering to assess the demographic data, patient-dentist interaction, technical competency, administrative efficiency and clinic set up environment was used for face- to- face interview. The data were analyzed by descriptive methods followed by inferential method. Out of 207 patients, 41.5% were male and 58.5% were female. The overall patient satisfaction score was 76.3% which showed high level of satisfaction on oral health care services provided by UDMY. The least satisfied item was prolonged waiting time to have an appointment in administrative domain while the most satisfied item was that dentist had been friendly in patient-dentist interaction domain. Over 40 year old group patients were more satisfied with oral health care services (p=0.013). Married patients had higher satisfaction with patient-dentist interaction (p=0.014). This study showed a positive response to the care of patients at the UDMY. Further researches as well as periodic review studies have to be carried out for improvement and utilization of oral health care services in Myanmar.
{"title":"Patient Satisfaction with Oral Health Care Services Provided by University of Dental Medicine, Yangon","authors":"","doi":"10.34299/mhsrj.00942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34299/mhsrj.00942","url":null,"abstract":"Quality of Oral Health Care (OHC) services has received increasing attention in recent years. Little is known about patient satisfaction in quality of it in Myanmar context. Its success can be generally assessed by the level of patient satisfaction in the variety of clinical setting, for instance, private clinics as well as in teaching dental university. This study aimed to determine the level satisfaction of patients after visiting the University of Dental Medicine, Yangon (UDMY). A total of 207 patients visiting five clinical departments of UDMY were investigated from October to December, 2017. A questionnaire covering to assess the demographic data, patient-dentist interaction, technical competency, administrative efficiency and clinic set up environment was used for face- to- face interview. The data were analyzed by descriptive methods followed by inferential method. Out of 207 patients, 41.5% were male and 58.5% were female. The overall patient satisfaction score was 76.3% which showed high level of satisfaction on oral health care services provided by UDMY. The least satisfied item was prolonged waiting time to have an appointment in administrative domain while the most satisfied item was that dentist had been friendly in patient-dentist interaction domain. Over 40 year old group patients were more satisfied with oral health care services (p=0.013). Married patients had higher satisfaction with patient-dentist interaction (p=0.014). This study showed a positive response to the care of patients at the UDMY. Further researches as well as periodic review studies have to be carried out for improvement and utilization of oral health care services in Myanmar.","PeriodicalId":284864,"journal":{"name":"Myanmar Health Sciences Research Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134002001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acute respiratory tract infection (ARI) is a clinical condition which causes high morbidity and mortality, especially in infants and young children. Pneumonia is a common complication of respiratory tract infection. Atypical pneumonia, which is commonly caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae and Legi-onella pneumophila, is difficult to be detected because the causal bacteria cannot be diagnosed by routine culture method and presenting with non-specific clinical symptoms. This study aimed to diagnose the atypical pneumonia infection in children presenting with ARI attending Yangon Children’s Hospital during 2014-15 by using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (M-PCR). The bacterial DNA was extracted from nasopharyngeal swab samples by using Qiagen DNA minikit and detected by M-PCR. Of 245 patients with ARI, 140(57%) were males and 105(43%) were females. Eleven samples (4.4%) were positive for atypical pneumonia infection, among which 4(1.6%) were Mycoplasma pneumoniae,5(2%) were Chlamydophila pneumoniae and 2(0.8%) were Legionella pneumophila. The atypical pneumonia cases were mostly seen among the age of 1 to 5 years and sex distribution was nearly equal. The infected cases were detected from pneumonia (36.4%), severe pneumonia (27.3%), viral-induced wheeze (18.2%), severe bronchiolitis (9.1%) and bronchiolitis (9.1%). This study highlights the role of atypical pneumonia infection in ARI cases among children.
{"title":"Molecular Diagnosis of Atypical Pneumonia Infection in Children Presenting with Acute Respiratory Tract Infection Attending Yangon Children’s Hospital","authors":"","doi":"10.34299/mhsrj.00933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34299/mhsrj.00933","url":null,"abstract":"Acute respiratory tract infection (ARI) is a clinical condition which causes high morbidity and mortality, especially in infants and young children. Pneumonia is a common complication of respiratory tract infection. Atypical pneumonia, which is commonly caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae and Legi-onella pneumophila, is difficult to be detected because the causal bacteria cannot be diagnosed by routine culture method and presenting with non-specific clinical symptoms. This study aimed to diagnose the atypical pneumonia infection in children presenting with ARI attending Yangon Children’s Hospital during 2014-15 by using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (M-PCR). The bacterial DNA was extracted from nasopharyngeal swab samples by using Qiagen DNA minikit and detected by M-PCR. Of 245 patients with ARI, 140(57%) were males and 105(43%) were females. Eleven samples (4.4%) were positive for atypical pneumonia infection, among which 4(1.6%) were Mycoplasma pneumoniae,5(2%) were Chlamydophila pneumoniae and 2(0.8%) were Legionella pneumophila. The atypical pneumonia cases were mostly seen among the age of 1 to 5 years and sex distribution was nearly equal. The infected cases were detected from pneumonia (36.4%), severe pneumonia (27.3%), viral-induced wheeze (18.2%), severe bronchiolitis (9.1%) and bronchiolitis (9.1%). This study highlights the role of atypical pneumonia infection in ARI cases among children.","PeriodicalId":284864,"journal":{"name":"Myanmar Health Sciences Research Journal","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115843777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yankin Children’s Hospital is one of the tertiary children hospitals in Myanmar, where some oxidative medications are commonly used in the management of illnesses. Paediatrician’s awareness of G6PD status in this population is very important for effective management and prevention of complications in G6PD deficient children. This preliminary study aims to determine the prevalence of G6PD deficiency according to WHO classification among children seeking medical care at Emergency Department of Yankin Children’s Hospital (YKCH). It was a cross-sectional descriptive study on 124 children, aged 1 month to 13 years. G6PD enzyme activity was determined by spectrophotometric assay within 24 hours of sample collection. Randox G6PD quantitative in vitro test kit (Randox Laboratories, Crumlin, UK) was used and G6PD activity was calculated as unit per gram (U/g) of haemoglobin (Hb). For classification of G6PD deficiency, 10% and 60% level of normal enzyme activities were calculated according to the suggestion by World Health Organization (WHO); G6PD activity <10% was defined as severe deficiency and 10-60% was defined as moderate deficiency. According to WHO classification, 18.5% (23/124) of children in this study was classified as G6PD deficient, with 3.2% severe deficiency and 15.3% moderate deficiency. The prevalence of G6PD deficiency in Myanmar children is higher than the previous reported prevalence if quantitative spectrophotometric method is used for diagnosis, detecting more individuals with moderate deficiency. The high prevalence of G6PD deficiency in this study warrants for the need to do neonatal screening to avoid the potentially fatal complications of this disease.
{"title":"Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency among Children Attending the Emergency Department of Yankin Children’s Hospital, Yangon","authors":"","doi":"10.34299/mhsrj.00938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34299/mhsrj.00938","url":null,"abstract":"Yankin Children’s Hospital is one of the tertiary children hospitals in Myanmar, where some oxidative medications are commonly used in the management of illnesses. Paediatrician’s awareness of G6PD status in this population is very important for effective management and prevention of complications in G6PD deficient children. This preliminary study aims to determine the prevalence of G6PD deficiency according to WHO classification among children seeking medical care at Emergency Department of Yankin Children’s Hospital (YKCH). It was a cross-sectional descriptive study on 124 children, aged 1 month to 13 years. G6PD enzyme activity was determined by spectrophotometric assay within 24 hours of sample collection. Randox G6PD quantitative in vitro test kit (Randox Laboratories, Crumlin, UK) was used and G6PD activity was calculated as unit per gram (U/g) of haemoglobin (Hb). For classification of G6PD deficiency, 10% and 60% level of normal enzyme activities were calculated according to the suggestion by World Health Organization (WHO); G6PD activity <10% was defined as severe deficiency and 10-60% was defined as moderate deficiency. According to WHO classification, 18.5% (23/124) of children in this study was classified as G6PD deficient, with 3.2% severe deficiency and 15.3% moderate deficiency. The prevalence of G6PD deficiency in Myanmar children is higher than the previous reported prevalence if quantitative spectrophotometric method is used for diagnosis, detecting more individuals with moderate deficiency. The high prevalence of G6PD deficiency in this study warrants for the need to do neonatal screening to avoid the potentially fatal complications of this disease.","PeriodicalId":284864,"journal":{"name":"Myanmar Health Sciences Research Journal","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127455113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sebaceous Cyst: Clinicopathological Analysis","authors":"","doi":"10.34299/mhsrj.00944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34299/mhsrj.00944","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":284864,"journal":{"name":"Myanmar Health Sciences Research Journal","volume":"225 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121388100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adenocarcinoma of the colon is the most common malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is also known as HER-1 or erb-B1. The beginning of EGF to EGFR produces a biological signal to the cell that initiates several functions that promote tumor growth, including cell invasion and metastasis, repair and new blood vessel formation. Thus, EGFR is recognized as an important player in colorectal cancer (CRC) initiation and progression. In this study, total 61 cases of colorectal carcinoma were included and histological grading, immuno-histochemical (IHC) expression and fluorescence in situ hybridization of EGFR were conducted. For the grading, 11/61(18%) cases were well differentiated, 38/61(62%) cases were moderately differentiated and 12/61(20%) were poorly differentiated colorectal carcinoma. EGFR IHC immune expression was positive in 50/61(82%) cases and negative in 11/61(18%) cases. All 11 cases of well differentiated cases gave EGFR IHC positive immunoreaction. Among the 38 cases of moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, 30 cases showed EGFR IHC positivity and 8 cases gave no reaction. Nine out of 12 cases of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma showed EGFR IHC positive and 3 cases gave no reaction. Half (10/20, 50%) of the EGFR IHC highly positive cases showed FISH positive and other half cases give FISH negative reaction. Detection of EGFR is mainly for anti-EGFR targeted therapy. Therefore, this study aids in selection of patients for anti-EGFR targeted therapy and helpful in treatment options and disease management. Moreover, EGFR FISH can be tested together with KRAS mutation and can predict the treatment response and the disease outcome.
{"title":"Immunohistochemical Expression (IHC) and Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) of EGFR in Colorectal Carcinoma","authors":"","doi":"10.34299/mhsrj.00941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34299/mhsrj.00941","url":null,"abstract":"Adenocarcinoma of the colon is the most common malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is also known as HER-1 or erb-B1. The beginning of EGF to EGFR produces a biological signal to the cell that initiates several functions that promote tumor growth, including cell invasion and metastasis, repair and new blood vessel formation. Thus, EGFR is recognized as an important player in colorectal cancer (CRC) initiation and progression. In this study, total 61 cases of colorectal carcinoma were included and histological grading, immuno-histochemical (IHC) expression and fluorescence in situ hybridization of EGFR were conducted. For the grading, 11/61(18%) cases were well differentiated, 38/61(62%) cases were moderately differentiated and 12/61(20%) were poorly differentiated colorectal carcinoma. EGFR IHC immune expression was positive in 50/61(82%) cases and negative in 11/61(18%) cases. All 11 cases of well differentiated cases gave EGFR IHC positive immunoreaction. Among the 38 cases of moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, 30 cases showed EGFR IHC positivity and 8 cases gave no reaction. Nine out of 12 cases of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma showed EGFR IHC positive and 3 cases gave no reaction. Half (10/20, 50%) of the EGFR IHC highly positive cases showed FISH positive and other half cases give FISH negative reaction. Detection of EGFR is mainly for anti-EGFR targeted therapy. Therefore, this study aids in selection of patients for anti-EGFR targeted therapy and helpful in treatment options and disease management. Moreover, EGFR FISH can be tested together with KRAS mutation and can predict the treatment response and the disease outcome.","PeriodicalId":284864,"journal":{"name":"Myanmar Health Sciences Research Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115569199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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