Mothers are fundamental caregivers for under-five children and thus, family participation in child health services is very important. Therefore, a quasi-experimental study for promoting key family practices of mothers with under-five children was conducted among 278 respondents from Oaktwin Cantonment and Inndaing Cantonment in 2014. Data were collected by face-to-face interview with pretested structured questionnaire. Health promotion program including health education and advocacy for unit supports was implemented in study group. Before intervention, baseline data of respondents and pre-intervention knowledge and practices levels were identified. In the three-month and six-month after interventions, post-intervention data collection was done in both groups and data were analyzed. Findings show that there was a statistically significant difference of knowledge and practice scores between study group and control group after three-month interventions (t=10.827, p<0.0001, eta squared=0.297 and t=8.2, p<0.0001, eta squared=0.195, respectively), and six-month post-intervention (t=10.035, p<0.0001, eta squared=0.267 and t=8.773, p<0.0001, eta squared=0.304, respectively). Moreover, knowledge and practice level within study groups have a significant effect for time (F=160.45, p<0.0001 and F=113.06, p<0.0001, respectively) and the magnitude of this effect was also large (eta squared=0.699 for knowledge and 0.621 for practice). At the same time, knowledge and practice of control group have a significant effect for time (F=3.648, p=0.029 and F=19.564, p<0.0001, respectively) but this effect was very small. It can be asserted that health promotion program can improve the knowledge and practice of mothers regarding key family practices. The findings of current study might be a cornerstone for improvement of maternal knowledge and practice on caring for children in the military community.
{"title":"Promoting Key Family Practices of Common Childhood Illnesses among Mothers with Under-Five Children in Selected Military Communities","authors":"","doi":"10.34299/mhsrj.00940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34299/mhsrj.00940","url":null,"abstract":"Mothers are fundamental caregivers for under-five children and thus, family participation in child health services is very important. Therefore, a quasi-experimental study for promoting key family practices of mothers with under-five children was conducted among 278 respondents from Oaktwin Cantonment and Inndaing Cantonment in 2014. Data were collected by face-to-face interview with pretested structured questionnaire. Health promotion program including health education and advocacy for unit supports was implemented in study group. Before intervention, baseline data of respondents and pre-intervention knowledge and practices levels were identified. In the three-month and six-month after interventions, post-intervention data collection was done in both groups and data were analyzed. Findings show that there was a statistically significant difference of knowledge and practice scores between study group and control group after three-month interventions (t=10.827, p<0.0001, eta squared=0.297 and t=8.2, p<0.0001, eta squared=0.195, respectively), and six-month post-intervention (t=10.035, p<0.0001, eta squared=0.267 and t=8.773, p<0.0001, eta squared=0.304, respectively). Moreover, knowledge and practice level within study groups have a significant effect for time (F=160.45, p<0.0001 and F=113.06, p<0.0001, respectively) and the magnitude of this effect was also large (eta squared=0.699 for knowledge and 0.621 for practice). At the same time, knowledge and practice of control group have a significant effect for time (F=3.648, p=0.029 and F=19.564, p<0.0001, respectively) but this effect was very small. It can be asserted that health promotion program can improve the knowledge and practice of mothers regarding key family practices. The findings of current study might be a cornerstone for improvement of maternal knowledge and practice on caring for children in the military community.","PeriodicalId":284864,"journal":{"name":"Myanmar Health Sciences Research Journal","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133358713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer in adults representing about 3% of all newly diagnosed cancers in the United States. Clear cell RCC is the most common subtype (70-80%) of RCC. Clear cell RCC can be familial, but 95% of cases are sporadic resulting from the germline or acquired mutation of Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene. VHL tumor suppressor gene functions as a down regulator of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Mutations of VHL gene result in overexpression of VEGF, neoangiogenesis and tumor metastasis. Nowadays, anti-VEGF targeted therapy is used for treating metastasis clear cell RCC. However, drug resistance occurs over time. VHL gene targeted therapy combined with anti-VEGF therapy should be considered and detection of VHL gene mutations status becomes essential in these cases. The present study was aimed to detect the VHL gene mutations status and VEGF immunoexpression in 62 clear cell RCC patients by conventional polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Three primer pairs were used to detect the mutations of 3 exons in VHL gene. The positive cases for VHL exon 1 mutation, exon 2 mutation and exon 3 mutation were checked by 2% agarose gel electrophoresis. Tumor grading was done by Fuhrman nuclear grading system and staging was done by pathologic TNM staging system. Fifty cases (80.65%) were VHL gene mutation positive and 12 cases (19.35%) were negative. VHL gene mutations were significantly associated with histological grades (p=0.005). Out of 62 cases, 24 cases were weakly positive (1+) and 38 cases were strongly positive (2+) VEGF immuno-reactivity. There was statistically significant association between VEGF immunoexpression and histological grades of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (p=0.00) as well as tumor stage (p=0.01). It was also found that VEGF immunoexpression of clear cell RCC was significantly associated with VHL gene mutation positive tumours (p=0.00). These results can be helpful in further invention of molecular targeted therapy for drug-resistant clear cell RCC patients.
{"title":"Von Hippel-Lindau Gene Mutations and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Immunoexpression in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma","authors":"","doi":"10.34299/mhsrj.00943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34299/mhsrj.00943","url":null,"abstract":"Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer in adults representing about 3% of all newly diagnosed cancers in the United States. Clear cell RCC is the most common subtype (70-80%) of RCC. Clear cell RCC can be familial, but 95% of cases are sporadic resulting from the germline or acquired mutation of Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene. VHL tumor suppressor gene functions as a down regulator of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Mutations of VHL gene result in overexpression of VEGF, neoangiogenesis and tumor metastasis. Nowadays, anti-VEGF targeted therapy is used for treating metastasis clear cell RCC. However, drug resistance occurs over time. VHL gene targeted therapy combined with anti-VEGF therapy should be considered and detection of VHL gene mutations status becomes essential in these cases. The present study was aimed to detect the VHL gene mutations status and VEGF immunoexpression in 62 clear cell RCC patients by conventional polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Three primer pairs were used to detect the mutations of 3 exons in VHL gene. The positive cases for VHL exon 1 mutation, exon 2 mutation and exon 3 mutation were checked by 2% agarose gel electrophoresis. Tumor grading was done by Fuhrman nuclear grading system and staging was done by pathologic TNM staging system. Fifty cases (80.65%) were VHL gene mutation positive and 12 cases (19.35%) were negative. VHL gene mutations were significantly associated with histological grades (p=0.005). Out of 62 cases, 24 cases were weakly positive (1+) and 38 cases were strongly positive (2+) VEGF immuno-reactivity. There was statistically significant association between VEGF immunoexpression and histological grades of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (p=0.00) as well as tumor stage (p=0.01). It was also found that VEGF immunoexpression of clear cell RCC was significantly associated with VHL gene mutation positive tumours (p=0.00). These results can be helpful in further invention of molecular targeted therapy for drug-resistant clear cell RCC patients.","PeriodicalId":284864,"journal":{"name":"Myanmar Health Sciences Research Journal","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122033277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Effective mosquito control strategies in temporary water storage containers in community are urgently needed to reduce dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever through mosquito larvae reduction without harmful to environment, ecosystems and community. For biological control of Aedes aegypti larvae, native larvivorus fish as Aplocheilus panchax were collected from Hpa-an Township, Kayin State. Mingalar Ywar Thit and Taung Nar Village were selected as test and control villages and 51 households each were randomly selected to recruit the study. Laboratory and field study were done from February 2016 to January 2017. In the laboratory, a series of laboratory experiments compared Aedes larva consuming rates of Aplocheilus panchax and Trichogaster trichopterus in different water volumes, in order to determine their potential as larva control agent in water storage containers. In the field, Aedes larvae and pupae positivity in containers were recorded in both villages. During intervention, two Aplocheilus panchax were put into all major, minor and miscellaneous containers monthly for 3 months in test area of Mingalar Ywar Thit Village. Larval and pupal indices were determined before and after intervention. Laboratory result found that one gram weight of Aplocheilus panchax consumed 463.04 3rd and 4th instar Aedes larvae within 24 hours. It was 3.727 fold higher in consuming rate than one gram of Trichogaster trichopterus against 124.24 Aedes aegypti larvae. After intervention, House Index (HI), Container Index (CI) and Breteau Index (BI) were significantly reduced from 86.27%, 59.86% and 172.55 to 1.96%, 1.36% and 3.92, respectively (P<0.05). Hundred percent reduction was found in key containers and 90% reduction was found in key premises in test area. Pupal indices were also significantly reduced. Native larvivorus fish Aplocheilux panchax is an efficient biological agent for the control of DF and DHF vector Aedes immature stages in Kayin State. The biological method is simple and cost-effective method for control of DF/DHF in community.
{"title":"Pre- and Post-Intervention Study on Aedes Larvae in Water Storage Containers Adding of Native Larvivorous Fish Aplocheilus panchax in Hpa-an Township, Kayin State","authors":"","doi":"10.34299/mhsrj.00930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34299/mhsrj.00930","url":null,"abstract":"Effective mosquito control strategies in temporary water storage containers in community are urgently needed to reduce dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever through mosquito larvae reduction without harmful to environment, ecosystems and community. For biological control of Aedes aegypti larvae, native larvivorus fish as Aplocheilus panchax were collected from Hpa-an Township, Kayin State. Mingalar Ywar Thit and Taung Nar Village were selected as test and control villages and 51 households each were randomly selected to recruit the study. Laboratory and field study were done from February 2016 to January 2017. In the laboratory, a series of laboratory experiments compared Aedes larva consuming rates of Aplocheilus panchax and Trichogaster trichopterus in different water volumes, in order to determine their potential as larva control agent in water storage containers. In the field, Aedes larvae and pupae positivity in containers were recorded in both villages. During intervention, two Aplocheilus panchax were put into all major, minor and miscellaneous containers monthly for 3 months in test area of Mingalar Ywar Thit Village. Larval and pupal indices were determined before and after intervention. Laboratory result found that one gram weight of Aplocheilus panchax consumed 463.04 3rd and 4th instar Aedes larvae within 24 hours. It was 3.727 fold higher in consuming rate than one gram of Trichogaster\u0000trichopterus against 124.24 Aedes aegypti larvae. After intervention, House Index (HI), Container Index (CI) and Breteau Index (BI) were significantly reduced from 86.27%, 59.86% and 172.55 to 1.96%, 1.36% and 3.92, respectively (P<0.05). Hundred percent reduction was found in key containers and 90% reduction was found in key premises in test area. Pupal indices were also significantly reduced. Native larvivorus fish Aplocheilux panchax is an efficient biological agent for the control of DF and DHF vector Aedes immature stages in Kayin State. The biological method is simple and cost-effective method for control of DF/DHF in community.","PeriodicalId":284864,"journal":{"name":"Myanmar Health Sciences Research Journal","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130863094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to determine antimicrobial activity of extracts of Tamarindus indica L. leaves (Magyee). It was the laboratory-based quasi experimental study design. Study sites were the University of Pharmacy (Mandalay and Yangon) and the Department of Medical Research (Yangon). The leaves of Tamarindus indica L. were extracted with petroleum ether, ethanol and distilled water by successive Soxhlet extraction method. Physicochemical and phytochemical studies were conducted according to reference analytical procedures. In vitro antimicrobial activity of three extracts of Tamarindus indica L. leaves were studied on control strains of bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae) by agar disc diffusion method. Phytochemical analysis of Tamarindus indica L. leaves showed the presence of alkaloids, amino acids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, glycosides, polyphenol, starches, steroids/terpenoids, tannins, reducing sugars and anthroquinone. Ethanolic and aqueous extracts exhibited significant antibacterial activities against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Both aqueous and ethanolic extracts possessed promising antibacterial activity on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. This was an important finding upon pathogenic organisms causing food-borne diseases, skin and soft tissue infection. The petroleum ether extract did not show antibacterial activity against all tested organisms. With ethanolic extracts, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) results were 6.25 mg/ml for P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and 25 mg/ml for E. coli. For aqueous extracts, the MIC of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus were 12.5 mg/ml and K. pneumoniae was 25 mg/ml, respectively. Oral acute administration of 5000 mg/kg mice body weight of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Tamarindus indica L. leaves resulted in no mortality. Therefore, the crude extracts from Tamarindus indica L. leaves had antimicrobial activity against K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and E. coli.
{"title":"Antimicrobial Activity of Leaves Extracts of Tamarindus indica L. (Magyee)","authors":"","doi":"10.34299/mhsrj.00935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34299/mhsrj.00935","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to determine antimicrobial activity of extracts of Tamarindus indica L. leaves (Magyee). It was the laboratory-based quasi experimental study design. Study sites were the University of Pharmacy (Mandalay and Yangon) and the Department of Medical Research (Yangon). The leaves of Tamarindus indica L. were extracted with petroleum ether, ethanol and distilled water by successive Soxhlet extraction method. Physicochemical and phytochemical studies were conducted according to reference analytical procedures. In vitro antimicrobial activity of three extracts of Tamarindus indica L. leaves were studied on control strains of bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae) by agar disc diffusion method. Phytochemical analysis of Tamarindus indica L. leaves showed the presence of alkaloids, amino acids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, glycosides, polyphenol, starches, steroids/terpenoids, tannins, reducing sugars and anthroquinone. Ethanolic and aqueous extracts exhibited significant antibacterial activities against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Both aqueous and ethanolic extracts possessed promising antibacterial activity on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. This was an important finding upon pathogenic organisms causing food-borne diseases, skin and soft tissue infection. The petroleum ether extract did not show antibacterial activity against all tested organisms. With ethanolic extracts, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) results were 6.25 mg/ml for P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and 25 mg/ml for E. coli. For aqueous extracts, the MIC of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus were 12.5 mg/ml and K. pneumoniae was 25 mg/ml, respectively. Oral acute administration of 5000 mg/kg mice body weight of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Tamarindus indica L. leaves resulted in no mortality. Therefore, the crude extracts from Tamarindus indica L. leaves had antimicrobial activity against K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and E. coli.","PeriodicalId":284864,"journal":{"name":"Myanmar Health Sciences Research Journal","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126217057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A quality-cancer registry plays an unique role in planning, evaluation of cancer control program, treatment, and palliative care. To date, there is a paucity of studies in Myanmar that have focused on the implementation of a population-based cancer registry. The concept of combing telemedicine to this implementation may be beneficial to those working at the grass-roots level for the overall improvement of the processes of community reporting, effective referral for cancer care, and the establishment of cancer registries. A pilot study was therefore carried out to formulate the strategic approach for establishing a population-based cancer registry in Hlegu Township in Northern Yangon District. First, the cancer data entry software was created and installed on mobile phones as an information technology tool to initialize telemedicine. Then, 15 Health Assistants (HA) in Hlegu Township were trained for data collection to get basic information on cancer-confimed patients using mobile phone applications followed by online-based reporting to the cancer database unit. A total of 126 patients with cancer were registered from June 2016 to May 2017. The estimated prevalence of disease is 4.6 per 10,000 people. The most common age group at cancer diagnosis was 46 to 65 years (73.58%). Among 91 registered female patients with cancer, the three most common cancers were breast (25.39%), cervix (12.69%) and uterine (11.9%). Eighty-five patients with cancer (67.46%) received their diagnosis in public hospitals. Overall, 59% of patients received combination treatment, 19% received surgery only, 16% were treated with traditional medicine, 3% were treated with radiotherapy only, and 3% were treated with chemotherapy only. This study is the first of its kind, combing the concept of telemedicine to the creation of a population-based cancer registry. A complete and true picture of the cancer burden in the studied population can be provided without using enormous resources. This strategic approach is most appropriate to collect information of every cancer case in resource limited setting like Myanmar.
{"title":"Pilot Study on the Application of Telemedicine as a Tool for Population-Based Cancer Registry in Hlegu Township, Yangon Region, Myanmar","authors":"","doi":"10.34299/mhsrj.00932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34299/mhsrj.00932","url":null,"abstract":"A quality-cancer registry plays an unique role in planning, evaluation of cancer control program, treatment, and palliative care. To date, there is a paucity of studies in Myanmar that have focused on the implementation of a population-based cancer registry. The concept of combing telemedicine to this implementation may be beneficial to those working at the grass-roots level for the overall improvement of the processes of community reporting, effective referral for cancer care, and the establishment of cancer registries. A pilot study was therefore carried out to formulate the strategic approach for establishing a population-based cancer registry in Hlegu Township in Northern Yangon District. First, the cancer data entry software was created and installed on mobile phones as an information technology tool to initialize telemedicine. Then, 15 Health Assistants (HA) in Hlegu Township were trained for data collection to get basic information on cancer-confimed patients using mobile phone applications followed by online-based reporting to the cancer database unit. A total of 126 patients with cancer were registered from June 2016 to May 2017. The estimated prevalence of disease is 4.6 per 10,000 people. The most common age group at cancer diagnosis was 46 to 65 years (73.58%). Among 91 registered female patients with cancer, the three most common cancers were breast (25.39%), cervix (12.69%) and uterine (11.9%). Eighty-five patients with cancer (67.46%) received their diagnosis in public hospitals. Overall, 59% of patients received combination treatment, 19% received surgery only, 16% were treated with traditional medicine, 3% were treated with radiotherapy only, and 3% were treated with chemotherapy only. This study is the first of its kind, combing the concept of telemedicine to the creation of a population-based cancer registry. A complete and true picture of the cancer burden in the studied population can be provided without using enormous resources. This strategic approach is most appropriate to collect information of every cancer case in resource limited setting like Myanmar.","PeriodicalId":284864,"journal":{"name":"Myanmar Health Sciences Research Journal","volume":"206 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116062329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the present study was to investigate the antipyretic activity of AOF herbal formulation by Brewer’s yeast-induced pyrexia in Wistar rats. AOF herbal formulation consists of 13 medicinal plant parts and some of which are reputed for antipyretic effect. The acute oral toxicity was carried out in albino mice according to OECD 423-guidelines. It revealed that there is no toxic sign up to the dose level of 2000 mg/kg body weight. Adult albino rats of either sex (200-250 gm) were divided into five groups containing six in each group for antipyretic study. Before yeast injection, the basal rectal temperature of rats were recorded and after that, the rats were given subcutaneous injection of 10 ml/kg of 15% yeast solution. Rectal temperature of each rat was measured again 19 hours after yeast injection. After confirming that those rats were induced pyrexia, the test drugs and standard drug were administered orally into different groups. Three doses of test drug (1, 1.5 and 2 gm/kg body weight) were used. Paracetamol (150 mg/kg) was administered to standard group. Rectal temperatures were measured at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 hours after test drug administration. This herbal formulation (2 g/kg body weight) showed significant reduction of yeast-induced pyrexia in rats at 1 hr, 2 hr, 3 hr and 4 hr after administration of test drug (p<0.001) when compared to the control group. The present results show that AOF herbal formulation possesses a significant antipyretic effect in Brewer’s yeast-induced pyrexia in rats.
{"title":"Antipyretic Activity of AOF Herbal Formulation in Brewer’s Yeast-Induced Pyrexia in Rats","authors":"","doi":"10.34299/mhsrj.00939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34299/mhsrj.00939","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present study was to investigate the antipyretic activity of AOF herbal formulation by Brewer’s yeast-induced pyrexia in Wistar rats. AOF herbal formulation consists of 13 medicinal plant parts and some of which are reputed for antipyretic effect. The acute oral toxicity was carried out in albino mice according to OECD 423-guidelines. It revealed that there is no toxic sign up to the dose level of 2000 mg/kg body weight. Adult albino rats of either sex (200-250 gm) were divided into five groups containing six in each group for antipyretic study. Before yeast injection, the basal rectal temperature of rats were recorded and after that, the rats were given subcutaneous injection of 10 ml/kg of 15% yeast solution. Rectal temperature of each rat was measured again 19 hours after yeast injection. After confirming that those rats were induced pyrexia, the test drugs and standard drug were administered orally into different groups. Three doses of test drug (1, 1.5 and 2 gm/kg body weight) were used. Paracetamol (150 mg/kg) was administered to standard group. Rectal temperatures were measured at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 hours after test drug administration. This herbal formulation (2 g/kg body weight) showed significant reduction of yeast-induced pyrexia in rats at 1 hr, 2 hr, 3 hr and 4 hr after administration of test drug (p<0.001) when compared to the control group. The present results show that AOF herbal formulation possesses a significant antipyretic effect in Brewer’s yeast-induced pyrexia in rats.","PeriodicalId":284864,"journal":{"name":"Myanmar Health Sciences Research Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121961839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most common complications in diabetes mellitus (DM). The ability to assess renal function in diabetes patients rapidly and early is of major importance. Nowadays, cystatin C (cys C) is introduced as a new marker for diagnosis of early renal damage. The purpose of this study was to study serum cys C in type 2 diabetic patients with early renal damage. This is a hospital-based, cross-sectional analytical study involving 50 cases of type 2 diabetic patients attending the Diabetic Clinic of Mandalay General Hospital. In this study, most cases were females with male to female ratio of 1:2. Mean age was 59±11.9. Mean values of serum cys C, albumim creatinine ratio (ACR) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were 0.89±0.37 mg/l, 18.46±16.47 mg/g and 92.34±22.63 ml/min, respectively. In this study, 60% of cases were eGFR 60-90 ml/min and 40% of cases were eGFR >90 ml/min. And then, 82% of cases were normoalbuminuria and 18% of cases were microalbuminuria. Serum cys C was negatively correlated with eGFR (r=-0.0235, p=0.1) and positively correlated with urine for ACR (r=0.177, p=0.219). In addition, serum cys C was positively correlated with normoalbuminuria (r=0.188, p=0.238) and negatively correlated with microalbuminuria (r=-0.008, p=0.984). But these are not statistically significant. Therefore, this study is concluded that serum cys C was higher in both normoalbuminuric and microalbuminuric type 2 diabetic patients. The correlations of serum cys C with microalbuminuria and normoalbuminuria were not statistically significant. Therefore, it is controversial to say that serum cys C can be used as early detection marker of renal damage in type 2 diabetic patients in this study.
{"title":"Serum Cystatin C in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Early Renal Damage","authors":"","doi":"10.34299/mhsrj.00937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34299/mhsrj.00937","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most common complications in diabetes mellitus (DM). The ability to assess renal function in diabetes patients rapidly and early is of major importance. Nowadays, cystatin C (cys C) is introduced as a new marker for diagnosis of early renal damage. The purpose of this study was to study serum cys C in type 2 diabetic patients with early renal damage. This is a hospital-based, cross-sectional analytical study involving 50 cases of type 2 diabetic patients attending the Diabetic Clinic of Mandalay General Hospital. In this study, most cases were females with male to female ratio of 1:2. Mean age was 59±11.9. Mean values of serum cys C, albumim creatinine ratio (ACR) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were 0.89±0.37 mg/l, 18.46±16.47 mg/g and 92.34±22.63 ml/min, respectively. In this study, 60% of cases were eGFR 60-90 ml/min and 40% of cases were eGFR >90 ml/min. And then, 82% of cases were normoalbuminuria and 18% of cases were microalbuminuria. Serum cys C was negatively correlated with eGFR (r=-0.0235, p=0.1) and positively correlated with urine for ACR (r=0.177, p=0.219). In addition, serum cys C was positively correlated with normoalbuminuria (r=0.188, p=0.238) and negatively correlated with microalbuminuria (r=-0.008, p=0.984). But these are not statistically significant. Therefore, this study is concluded that serum cys C was higher in both normoalbuminuric and microalbuminuric type 2 diabetic patients. The correlations of serum cys C with microalbuminuria and normoalbuminuria were not statistically significant. Therefore, it is controversial to say that serum cys C can be used as early detection marker of renal damage in type 2 diabetic patients in this study.","PeriodicalId":284864,"journal":{"name":"Myanmar Health Sciences Research Journal","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125052040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pimpinella candolleana Wight & Arnott belonging to family Apiaceae is a valuable medicinal plant. The plant specimens were collected from Pindaya Township, Southern Shan State in July 2014. The total phenolic contents in the aqueous, ethanolic and methanolic extracts of the roots of Pimpinella candolleana Wight & Arnott were determined at Food and Drug Administration Department, Mandalay by Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method using gallic acid as the standard. The antioxidant activity of the different concentrations (100 µg/ml, 200 µg/ml, 300 µg/ml, 400 µg/ml and 500 µg/ml) of three extracts was evaluated at Department of Medical Research (Pyin Oo Lwin Branch) by DPPH free radical scavenging method. The total phenolic contents of aqueous, ethanolic and methanolic extracts of roots were 83.63 mg GAE/g extract, 93.87 mg GAE/g extract and 118.85 mg GAE/g extract, respectively. The IC50 values of aqueous, ethanolic and methanolic extracts were 69.183 µg/ml, 63.096 µg/ml and 31.622 µg/ml, respectively. The results showed that there is a positive correlation between free radical scavenging effect and total phenolic contents. Thus, this study scientifically proved that this resource sample is rich in total phenolic contents and significantly has antioxidant activity.
{"title":"Determination of Total Phenolic Contents and Antioxidant Activity of the Roots of Pimpinella candolleana Wight & Arnott","authors":"","doi":"10.34299/mhsrj.00934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34299/mhsrj.00934","url":null,"abstract":"Pimpinella candolleana Wight & Arnott belonging to family Apiaceae is a valuable medicinal plant. The plant specimens were collected from Pindaya Township, Southern Shan State in July 2014. The total phenolic contents in the aqueous, ethanolic and methanolic extracts of the roots of Pimpinella candolleana Wight & Arnott were determined at Food and Drug Administration Department, Mandalay by Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method using gallic acid as the standard. The antioxidant activity of the different concentrations (100 µg/ml, 200 µg/ml, 300 µg/ml, 400 µg/ml and 500 µg/ml) of three extracts was evaluated at Department of Medical Research (Pyin Oo Lwin Branch) by DPPH free radical scavenging method. The total phenolic contents of aqueous, ethanolic and methanolic extracts of roots were 83.63 mg GAE/g extract, 93.87 mg GAE/g extract and 118.85 mg GAE/g extract, respectively. The IC50 values of aqueous, ethanolic and methanolic extracts were 69.183 µg/ml, 63.096 µg/ml and 31.622 µg/ml, respectively. The results showed that there is a positive correlation between free radical scavenging effect and total phenolic contents. Thus, this study scientifically proved that this resource sample is rich in total phenolic contents and significantly has antioxidant activity.","PeriodicalId":284864,"journal":{"name":"Myanmar Health Sciences Research Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121067255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, with insulin resistance proposed as a linking factor. It is common and is increasing in prevalence worldwide, largely attributed to increasing obesity and sedentary lifestyles, and now is both a public health and clinical problem. This community-based, cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted during 2015 to identify metabolic risk factors and associated morbidities among adult urban people in Pyin Oo Lwin Township. A total of 355 participants, 94 men (26.5%) and 261 women (73.5%) were enrolled. Age distribution was from 18 to 85 years with mean of 49.98 (SD:15.22) years. Metabolic risk factors were identified according to National Cholesterol Education Programme Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) guideline. In this study, central obesity was the highest component with 145 subjects (40.8%) followed by elevated triglycerides 129(36. 3%), elevated blood pressure 104(29.3%), low HDL-cholesterols 85(23.9%), and elevated fasting glucose in only 48 individuals (13.5%). The total prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 35.2% with 26.6% in men and 38.3% in women, respectively. There were statistically significant associations above all five metabolic risk factors with metabolic syndrome (p value <0.001). Regarding its associated morbidities, ECG examinations showed normal 296 cases (83.4%) and abnormal in 59 cases (16.6%) but there was no significant difference between metabolic syndrome and abnormal ECG findings. In conclusion, this study recognizes the high prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome and can be depicted about the metabolic risks as the baseline data for implementation of further activities to reduce the incidence of non-communicable diseases.
代谢综合征是2型糖尿病和心血管疾病的一组危险因素，胰岛素抵抗被认为是一个联系因素。它在世界范围内很常见，而且发病率正在上升，主要归因于日益增加的肥胖和久坐不动的生活方式，现在既是一个公共卫生问题，也是一个临床问题。这项基于社区的横断面描述性研究于2015年进行，旨在确定Pyin Oo Lwin镇成年城市人群的代谢危险因素和相关发病率。共纳入355名参与者，94名男性(26.5%)和261名女性(73.5%)。年龄分布18 ~ 85岁，平均49.98岁(SD:15.22)。根据国家胆固醇教育计划成人治疗小组III (NCEP ATP III)指南确定代谢危险因素。在这项研究中，中心性肥胖是最高的组成部分，有145人(40.8%)，其次是甘油三酯升高129人(36%)。3%)，血压升高104人(29.3%)，低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇85人(23.9%)，空腹血糖升高仅48人(13.5%)。代谢综合征总患病率为35.2%，其中男性26.6%，女性38.3%。以上5种代谢危险因素与代谢综合征的相关性均有统计学意义(p值<0.001)。在相关发病方面，心电图检查正常296例(83.4%)，异常59例(16.6%)，但代谢综合征与异常心电图无显著性差异。总之，这项研究认识到代谢综合征的高患病率，可以将代谢风险描述为开展进一步活动以减少非传染性疾病发病率的基线数据。
{"title":"Metabolic Risk Factors and Associated Morbidities among Adult Urban People in Pyin Oo Lwin Township","authors":"","doi":"10.34299/mhsrj.00931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34299/mhsrj.00931","url":null,"abstract":"Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, with insulin resistance proposed as a linking factor. It is common and is increasing in prevalence worldwide, largely attributed to increasing obesity and sedentary lifestyles, and now is both a public health and clinical problem. This community-based, cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted during 2015 to identify metabolic risk factors and associated morbidities among adult urban people in Pyin Oo Lwin Township. A total of 355 participants, 94 men (26.5%) and 261 women (73.5%) were enrolled. Age distribution was from 18 to 85 years with mean of 49.98 (SD:15.22) years. Metabolic risk factors were identified according to National Cholesterol Education Programme Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) guideline. In this study, central obesity was the highest component with 145 subjects (40.8%) followed by elevated triglycerides 129(36. 3%), elevated blood pressure 104(29.3%), low HDL-cholesterols 85(23.9%), and elevated fasting glucose in only 48 individuals (13.5%). The total prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 35.2% with 26.6% in men and 38.3% in women, respectively. There were statistically significant associations above all five metabolic risk factors with metabolic syndrome (p value <0.001). Regarding its associated morbidities, ECG examinations showed normal 296 cases (83.4%) and abnormal in 59 cases (16.6%) but there was no significant difference between metabolic syndrome and abnormal ECG findings. In conclusion, this study recognizes the high prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome and can be depicted about the metabolic risks as the baseline data for implementation of further activities to reduce the incidence of non-communicable diseases.","PeriodicalId":284864,"journal":{"name":"Myanmar Health Sciences Research Journal","volume":"470 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129691997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sequence analysis of the influenza virus strains is important for molecular epidemiological studies and evolutional studies of influenza viruses as well as for the assessment of vaccine effectiveness. The aim of this study was to determine and characterize predominant subtype of influenza A viruses among children attending Yangon Children’s Hospital (YCH). It was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted at YCH. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from 153 children who attended the hospital due to influenza-like illness (ILI) during January-December, 2016. Viral RNA was extracted by QIAamp® Viral Mini Kit. Matrix genes of influenza A and influenza B virus were detected by multiplex Reverse TranscriptionPolymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Influenza A virus matrix gene positive samples were subjected to subtyping. Predominant subtypes were subjected to sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of their HA gene and neuraminidase (NA) gene. Influenza viruses were detected in about 14% of children with ILI. Among them, 55% showed influenza A virus positive and 45% showed influenza B virus positive. Influenza A (H3N2) virus was found to be predominant among influenza A virus positive children accounting for 83.4%. There was one case (8.3%) of influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 virus and one case (8.3%) of unsubtyped influenza A virus. Phylogenetic analysis of HA and NA gene of two Myanmar strains of H3N2 subtype revealed that they belonged to clade 3C.2a1. They had 99.3-99.4% nucleotide identity with A/Hong Kong/ 4801/2014, vaccine strain of H3N2 subtype, that was contained in southern hemisphere influenza vaccine for 2016 and northern hemisphere vaccine for 2016-2017 season. This study generated information useful for the assessment of influenza outbreaks, selection of upcoming vaccine strains and further evolutionary and epidemiological studies on influenza viruses.
{"title":"Molecular Characterization of Influenza A Viruses Detected in Children Attending Yangon Children’s Hospital, 2016","authors":"","doi":"10.34299/mhsrj.00925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34299/mhsrj.00925","url":null,"abstract":"Sequence analysis of the influenza virus strains is important for molecular epidemiological studies and evolutional studies of influenza viruses as well as for the assessment of vaccine effectiveness. The aim of this study was to determine and characterize predominant subtype of influenza A viruses among children attending Yangon Children’s Hospital (YCH). It was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted at YCH. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from 153 children who attended the hospital due to influenza-like illness (ILI) during January-December, 2016. Viral RNA was extracted by QIAamp® Viral Mini Kit. Matrix genes of influenza A and influenza B virus were detected by multiplex Reverse TranscriptionPolymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Influenza A virus matrix gene positive samples were subjected to subtyping. Predominant subtypes were subjected to sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of their HA gene and neuraminidase (NA) gene. Influenza viruses were detected in about 14% of children with ILI. Among them, 55% showed influenza A virus positive and 45% showed influenza B virus positive. Influenza A (H3N2) virus was found to be predominant among influenza A virus positive children accounting for 83.4%. There was one case (8.3%) of influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 virus and one case (8.3%) of unsubtyped influenza A virus. Phylogenetic analysis of HA and NA gene of two Myanmar strains of H3N2 subtype revealed that they belonged to clade 3C.2a1. They had 99.3-99.4% nucleotide identity with A/Hong Kong/ 4801/2014, vaccine strain of H3N2 subtype, that was contained in southern hemisphere influenza vaccine for 2016 and northern hemisphere vaccine for 2016-2017 season. This study generated information useful for the assessment of influenza outbreaks, selection of upcoming vaccine strains and further evolutionary and epidemiological studies on influenza viruses.","PeriodicalId":284864,"journal":{"name":"Myanmar Health Sciences Research Journal","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116713377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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