Pub Date : 2000-05-07DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2000.851804
S. Colegrove, S. Davey
The paper gives the state estimation equations for a probabilistic data association filter (PDAF) which is updated by a fixed number of nearest neighbours. These equations are based on the approach which includes track initiation and a nonuniform clutter model. Track initiation is accounted for by the event that a target can transition between being visible and invisible to the sensor. A visible target gives sensor returns that match the tracking filter sensor and target model while an invisible target gives no returns. This filter is referred to as the N/sup 3/VPDAF, i.e., nearest neighbours with nonuniform clutter and visibility PDAF. Insight into the behaviour of the N/sup 3/VPDAF is then found from the histogram of the measured volume of the region that contains the I nearest measurements. This is then followed by tests to measure the change in performance with the value of I over the range from 1 to 4. Performance is evaluated with a tracker assessment tool (TAT) that gives an overall measure of performance for 17 metrics. The metrics cover the categories of track establishment, track maintenance, track error and false tracks. From the filter formulae and these results, the advantages and disadvantages in selecting measurements based on nearest neighbours are given.
{"title":"On using nearest neighbours with the probabilistic data association filter","authors":"S. Colegrove, S. Davey","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2000.851804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2000.851804","url":null,"abstract":"The paper gives the state estimation equations for a probabilistic data association filter (PDAF) which is updated by a fixed number of nearest neighbours. These equations are based on the approach which includes track initiation and a nonuniform clutter model. Track initiation is accounted for by the event that a target can transition between being visible and invisible to the sensor. A visible target gives sensor returns that match the tracking filter sensor and target model while an invisible target gives no returns. This filter is referred to as the N/sup 3/VPDAF, i.e., nearest neighbours with nonuniform clutter and visibility PDAF. Insight into the behaviour of the N/sup 3/VPDAF is then found from the histogram of the measured volume of the region that contains the I nearest measurements. This is then followed by tests to measure the change in performance with the value of I over the range from 1 to 4. Performance is evaluated with a tracker assessment tool (TAT) that gives an overall measure of performance for 17 metrics. The metrics cover the categories of track establishment, track maintenance, track error and false tracks. From the filter formulae and these results, the advantages and disadvantages in selecting measurements based on nearest neighbours are given.","PeriodicalId":286281,"journal":{"name":"Record of the IEEE 2000 International Radar Conference [Cat. No. 00CH37037]","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127045290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-05-07DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2000.851844
M. Hussain, M. Yedlin
Ultra-wideband electromagnetic impulses have found numerous applications for radar and radio communications due to the recent technological advances in electronic and opto-electronic devices. This paper presents the principle of active-array beamforming for ultra-wideband impulse radar. The theory and analysis are based on a realizable signal model representing the impulse-type waveforms used in radar applications. The signal model is referred to as the generalized Gaussian pulse. Impulse waveforms radiated and received by an active-array beamforming system suffer a directional distortion that can be regarded as useful information for direction finding and automatic beam steering. The directional distortion associated with the energy density spectrum of the generalized Gaussian pulse is derived and plotted for different values of the angle of incidence. Also, the directivity pattern of the array beamforming system is expressed in terms of the energy of the radiated and received impulse waveforms. Computer plots of the sidelobe-free directivity-energy pattern are presented too. The energy pattern yields high angular-resolution capability that improves by increasing the spatial frequency bandwidth. The spatial frequency bandwidth is an important design parameter that allows a trade-off between effective bandwidth and array length to achieve a small resolution angle.
{"title":"Active-array beamforming for ultra-wideband impulse radar","authors":"M. Hussain, M. Yedlin","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2000.851844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2000.851844","url":null,"abstract":"Ultra-wideband electromagnetic impulses have found numerous applications for radar and radio communications due to the recent technological advances in electronic and opto-electronic devices. This paper presents the principle of active-array beamforming for ultra-wideband impulse radar. The theory and analysis are based on a realizable signal model representing the impulse-type waveforms used in radar applications. The signal model is referred to as the generalized Gaussian pulse. Impulse waveforms radiated and received by an active-array beamforming system suffer a directional distortion that can be regarded as useful information for direction finding and automatic beam steering. The directional distortion associated with the energy density spectrum of the generalized Gaussian pulse is derived and plotted for different values of the angle of incidence. Also, the directivity pattern of the array beamforming system is expressed in terms of the energy of the radiated and received impulse waveforms. Computer plots of the sidelobe-free directivity-energy pattern are presented too. The energy pattern yields high angular-resolution capability that improves by increasing the spatial frequency bandwidth. The spatial frequency bandwidth is an important design parameter that allows a trade-off between effective bandwidth and array length to achieve a small resolution angle.","PeriodicalId":286281,"journal":{"name":"Record of the IEEE 2000 International Radar Conference [Cat. No. 00CH37037]","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125696699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-05-07DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2000.851948
V. Behar, C. Kabakchiev, X.R. Li
In this paper we propose a partial solution of the benchmark problem for radar resource allocation and tracking maneuvering targets in the presence of ECM. We consider the benchmark problem only from the point of view of detection and propose concrete algorithms for range gate pull off (RGPO) excision before signal detection. The excision technique before signal detection sufficiently reduces the flow of the RGPO detection at the output of the detector. Naturally, the further RGPO elimination at the stage of target tracking is easily performed.
{"title":"Excision techniques for reduction of the flow of the RGPO when solving the benchmark problem","authors":"V. Behar, C. Kabakchiev, X.R. Li","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2000.851948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2000.851948","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we propose a partial solution of the benchmark problem for radar resource allocation and tracking maneuvering targets in the presence of ECM. We consider the benchmark problem only from the point of view of detection and propose concrete algorithms for range gate pull off (RGPO) excision before signal detection. The excision technique before signal detection sufficiently reduces the flow of the RGPO detection at the output of the detector. Naturally, the further RGPO elimination at the stage of target tracking is easily performed.","PeriodicalId":286281,"journal":{"name":"Record of the IEEE 2000 International Radar Conference [Cat. No. 00CH37037]","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125986304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-05-07DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2000.851821
J. Guan, You He, Ying-Ning Peng
A distributed detection scheme with feedback is proposed. The optimal fusion rule for minimizing the global error probability is derived. The analytic expressions of the global false alarm probability and global miss probability are obtained. It is proved that the performance of the new scheme converges with the increased stage of feedback. An example shows that the global performance possesses good convergence properties and is improved significantly.
{"title":"Distributed detection with feedback and optimal fusion","authors":"J. Guan, You He, Ying-Ning Peng","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2000.851821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2000.851821","url":null,"abstract":"A distributed detection scheme with feedback is proposed. The optimal fusion rule for minimizing the global error probability is derived. The analytic expressions of the global false alarm probability and global miss probability are obtained. It is proved that the performance of the new scheme converges with the increased stage of feedback. An example shows that the global performance possesses good convergence properties and is improved significantly.","PeriodicalId":286281,"journal":{"name":"Record of the IEEE 2000 International Radar Conference [Cat. No. 00CH37037]","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120806717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-05-07DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2000.851834
D. Greig
Determination of the probability of detecting a discrete object at a certain range remains at the heart of the design, development and performance assessment of many radar systems. Here we present a method for determining the probability of detection using Monte Carlo simulation methods applied to basic radar theories.
{"title":"A Monte Carlo detection model for airborne pulse-Doppler radar","authors":"D. Greig","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2000.851834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2000.851834","url":null,"abstract":"Determination of the probability of detecting a discrete object at a certain range remains at the heart of the design, development and performance assessment of many radar systems. Here we present a method for determining the probability of detection using Monte Carlo simulation methods applied to basic radar theories.","PeriodicalId":286281,"journal":{"name":"Record of the IEEE 2000 International Radar Conference [Cat. No. 00CH37037]","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129128645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-05-07DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2000.851815
A. Boryssenko
The paper presents an experimental radar-based sensor to operate in an environment with vegetation cover for detection and discrimination of small-sized invisible dielectric and metallic objects. This sensor constitutes a vehicle-housed emergency system for surveillance of areas with vegetation ahead on the path of a moving vehicle to prevent its contact with hidden objects. The emergency system functioning is basically implemented by real-time electromagnetic imaging of the scene of interest and its subsequent image processing to enhance the target responses. Developed and tested experimental radar techniques are under consideration. The results of experimental examinations in field are presented and discussed.
{"title":"Impulse radar emergency system to prevent damage due to harmful objects in vegetation","authors":"A. Boryssenko","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2000.851815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2000.851815","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents an experimental radar-based sensor to operate in an environment with vegetation cover for detection and discrimination of small-sized invisible dielectric and metallic objects. This sensor constitutes a vehicle-housed emergency system for surveillance of areas with vegetation ahead on the path of a moving vehicle to prevent its contact with hidden objects. The emergency system functioning is basically implemented by real-time electromagnetic imaging of the scene of interest and its subsequent image processing to enhance the target responses. Developed and tested experimental radar techniques are under consideration. The results of experimental examinations in field are presented and discussed.","PeriodicalId":286281,"journal":{"name":"Record of the IEEE 2000 International Radar Conference [Cat. No. 00CH37037]","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116794799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-05-07DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2000.851927
Juan Shao, R. Tao, Siyong Zhou, Yue Wang
To improve the low velocity resolution of a VSAR (velocity SAR) system and detect slowly moving targets with a VSAR system, modern spectral estimation in the signal processing of the VSAR system is used instead of the conventional DFT (discrete Fourier transform) method. Using modern spectral estimation one can achieve higher velocity resolution than with the conventional spectral estimation. It can decrease the number of antennas and the total length of the array, and improve the azimuth resolution.
{"title":"A novel method of signal processing for VSAR system","authors":"Juan Shao, R. Tao, Siyong Zhou, Yue Wang","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2000.851927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2000.851927","url":null,"abstract":"To improve the low velocity resolution of a VSAR (velocity SAR) system and detect slowly moving targets with a VSAR system, modern spectral estimation in the signal processing of the VSAR system is used instead of the conventional DFT (discrete Fourier transform) method. Using modern spectral estimation one can achieve higher velocity resolution than with the conventional spectral estimation. It can decrease the number of antennas and the total length of the array, and improve the azimuth resolution.","PeriodicalId":286281,"journal":{"name":"Record of the IEEE 2000 International Radar Conference [Cat. No. 00CH37037]","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132231039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-05-07DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2000.851873
C. Nunn, L. Welch
Polyphase codes, such as the Kretschmer-Lewis palindromic P4 code, and the nonlinear FM P(n,k) code, have been used in radar systems to provide low sidelobe autocorrelation properties and superior Doppler performance. A disadvantage in using these codes, is that they are susceptible to defeat, when a repeat jammer is present. In this paper, we use a multi-parameter optimization algorithm to find sets of quasi-orthogonal polyphase codes that retain most of the superior matched filter qualities of polyphase codes. This is done so that the radar designer can alternate quasi-orthogonal polyphase coded versions of the same waveform sequence length, for pulse-to-pulse, or dwell-to-dwell, ECM robustness. All or any subset of a set of parameters of these matched filter code sets (peak sidelobes, integrated sidelobes, Doppler tolerance, and level of orthogonality) can be optimized simultaneously according to a predetermined weighting priority.
{"title":"Multi-parameter local optimization for the design of superior matched filter polyphase pulse compression codes","authors":"C. Nunn, L. Welch","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2000.851873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2000.851873","url":null,"abstract":"Polyphase codes, such as the Kretschmer-Lewis palindromic P4 code, and the nonlinear FM P(n,k) code, have been used in radar systems to provide low sidelobe autocorrelation properties and superior Doppler performance. A disadvantage in using these codes, is that they are susceptible to defeat, when a repeat jammer is present. In this paper, we use a multi-parameter optimization algorithm to find sets of quasi-orthogonal polyphase codes that retain most of the superior matched filter qualities of polyphase codes. This is done so that the radar designer can alternate quasi-orthogonal polyphase coded versions of the same waveform sequence length, for pulse-to-pulse, or dwell-to-dwell, ECM robustness. All or any subset of a set of parameters of these matched filter code sets (peak sidelobes, integrated sidelobes, Doppler tolerance, and level of orthogonality) can be optimized simultaneously according to a predetermined weighting priority.","PeriodicalId":286281,"journal":{"name":"Record of the IEEE 2000 International Radar Conference [Cat. No. 00CH37037]","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132077249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-05-07DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2000.851902
A. Farina, L. Timmoneri
This paper describes some processing schemes, based on the systolic array algorithms, to contemporaneously suppress coherent repeater interference and continuous time noise like interference. Simulation results demonstrate the performance of the processing schemes and give evidence of the advancement with respect to the state of the art in the field.
{"title":"Systolic schemes for joint SLB, SLC and adaptive phased-array","authors":"A. Farina, L. Timmoneri","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2000.851902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2000.851902","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes some processing schemes, based on the systolic array algorithms, to contemporaneously suppress coherent repeater interference and continuous time noise like interference. Simulation results demonstrate the performance of the processing schemes and give evidence of the advancement with respect to the state of the art in the field.","PeriodicalId":286281,"journal":{"name":"Record of the IEEE 2000 International Radar Conference [Cat. No. 00CH37037]","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125613493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2000-05-07DOI: 10.1109/RADAR.2000.851891
M. Le Palud, T. Dupaquier, L. Bertel
Measurements are carried out to study different aspects of the propagation of VHF radiowaves in a forested environment. In order to model the evolution of the spatial average of the received signal inside and outside the vegetation we find that good agreement can be obtained with the following method: in the forested areas, the actual Earth ground is replaced by the top of the canopy to compute the field; then, the signal inside the forest is the signal on top of the canopy minus an attenuation term due to the vegetation. On the other hand, fast fading phenomena inside the forest seem to be qualitatively explained by a simple model involving the nearest scatterers.
{"title":"Experimental study of VHF propagation in forested environment and modelling techniques","authors":"M. Le Palud, T. Dupaquier, L. Bertel","doi":"10.1109/RADAR.2000.851891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/RADAR.2000.851891","url":null,"abstract":"Measurements are carried out to study different aspects of the propagation of VHF radiowaves in a forested environment. In order to model the evolution of the spatial average of the received signal inside and outside the vegetation we find that good agreement can be obtained with the following method: in the forested areas, the actual Earth ground is replaced by the top of the canopy to compute the field; then, the signal inside the forest is the signal on top of the canopy minus an attenuation term due to the vegetation. On the other hand, fast fading phenomena inside the forest seem to be qualitatively explained by a simple model involving the nearest scatterers.","PeriodicalId":286281,"journal":{"name":"Record of the IEEE 2000 International Radar Conference [Cat. No. 00CH37037]","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114000012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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