Pub Date : 2014-11-20DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960179
N. David, D. Aliprantis
An alternative connection topology for a wind turbine with doubly-fed induction generator is explored, wherein the rotor is tied directly to the power grid and the stator is connected through a power electronic converter. Experiments are performed on a 7.5-kW machine to evaluate the topology. The proposed configuration is found to be more efficient than current practice.
{"title":"Improved efficiency of DFIG wind energy conversion systems by operating in the rotor-tied configuration","authors":"N. David, D. Aliprantis","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960179","url":null,"abstract":"An alternative connection topology for a wind turbine with doubly-fed induction generator is explored, wherein the rotor is tied directly to the power grid and the stator is connected through a power electronic converter. Experiments are performed on a 7.5-kW machine to evaluate the topology. The proposed configuration is found to be more efficient than current practice.","PeriodicalId":288960,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126152018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-20DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960340
B. Wymeersch, F. De Belie, C. Rasmussen, F. Jensen, L. Vandevelde
To reach energy efficiency goals the demand to high efficient motors, among which Permanent Magnet Motors, is increasing. In order to analyze and to predict the performance, equations based on equivalent circuits are generated. Lumped parameters have to be estimated and for simplicity often coarse assumptions are made, affecting the accuracy of the model. In this paper flux-linkage and inductance variations in (LineStart) Interior Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Machines are discussed. Attention is given to the influence of the behavior of the ferromagnetic material caused by load angle and current variations and more specific to the geometric design parameters, in particular to the magnetic conductance of the bridges. Finite Element Method is used for parameter estimations and detailed magnetic field research.
{"title":"Influence of ferromagnetic bridges in dq-equivalent-circuit modeling of interior permanent-magnet machines","authors":"B. Wymeersch, F. De Belie, C. Rasmussen, F. Jensen, L. Vandevelde","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960340","url":null,"abstract":"To reach energy efficiency goals the demand to high efficient motors, among which Permanent Magnet Motors, is increasing. In order to analyze and to predict the performance, equations based on equivalent circuits are generated. Lumped parameters have to be estimated and for simplicity often coarse assumptions are made, affecting the accuracy of the model. In this paper flux-linkage and inductance variations in (LineStart) Interior Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Machines are discussed. Attention is given to the influence of the behavior of the ferromagnetic material caused by load angle and current variations and more specific to the geometric design parameters, in particular to the magnetic conductance of the bridges. Finite Element Method is used for parameter estimations and detailed magnetic field research.","PeriodicalId":288960,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124771330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-20DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960545
Y. Hu, T. Wu, L. Chow, Y. Bai, W. Wu
This paper discusses the design procedure of a super high speed permanent magnet synchronous machine. A 3kW radial PMSM designed for operation up to 150,000 r/min is proposed in the paper. Thanks to the super high speed, the designed motor can achieve high energy density at 2.5 kW/kg(housing weight included) and efficiency is over 97%. The super high speed brings challenges both on electrical design and mechanical design. Proper design of the stator lamination, including bore diameter, outer diameter, slot, yoke thickness and airgap is explained. At high frequency, proximity effect and skin effect becomes significant, the effects have been analyzed and multi-strand Litz wires are chosen for this design. Double-layer distributed winding is used instead of concentric winding to reduce the harmonic EMF. The rotor structure is designed to endure the mechanical stress at high RPM. The design is optimized in ANSYS Maxwell and simulation results verified the performance of the motor. A controller for the high speed drive has been developed for the motor.
{"title":"Design of a 3kW 150k RPM super high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor","authors":"Y. Hu, T. Wu, L. Chow, Y. Bai, W. Wu","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960545","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the design procedure of a super high speed permanent magnet synchronous machine. A 3kW radial PMSM designed for operation up to 150,000 r/min is proposed in the paper. Thanks to the super high speed, the designed motor can achieve high energy density at 2.5 kW/kg(housing weight included) and efficiency is over 97%. The super high speed brings challenges both on electrical design and mechanical design. Proper design of the stator lamination, including bore diameter, outer diameter, slot, yoke thickness and airgap is explained. At high frequency, proximity effect and skin effect becomes significant, the effects have been analyzed and multi-strand Litz wires are chosen for this design. Double-layer distributed winding is used instead of concentric winding to reduce the harmonic EMF. The rotor structure is designed to endure the mechanical stress at high RPM. The design is optimized in ANSYS Maxwell and simulation results verified the performance of the motor. A controller for the high speed drive has been developed for the motor.","PeriodicalId":288960,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"125 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129726249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-20DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960396
R. Roshanfekr, A. Jalilian
In this paper, a complete magnetic equivalent circuit model (MEC) is presented to investigate the inter-turn short circuit faults in the stator and rotor windings of 3-phase wound rotor induction machines (WRIMs). Using the developed MEC model, the WRIM under healthy condition and winding inter-turn short circuit fault conditions has been simulated considering both stator and rotor circuits. In the developed model, local saturation of individual stator and rotor teeth, skewing of rotor slots, stator and rotor tooth effect and space harmonics in the stator and rotor windings are considered. Dependency of shorted turn current magnitude on the number of shorted turns and load level has been simulated using Matlab-Simulaink software in the rotor and stator windings. Experimental results on a 1.1kW-220V/380V-50Hz-2poles WRIM validate the accuracy of the developed MEC model in both healthy and faulty conditions.
{"title":"Experimental validation of MEC modeling for stator and rotor winding faults in WRIMs","authors":"R. Roshanfekr, A. Jalilian","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960396","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a complete magnetic equivalent circuit model (MEC) is presented to investigate the inter-turn short circuit faults in the stator and rotor windings of 3-phase wound rotor induction machines (WRIMs). Using the developed MEC model, the WRIM under healthy condition and winding inter-turn short circuit fault conditions has been simulated considering both stator and rotor circuits. In the developed model, local saturation of individual stator and rotor teeth, skewing of rotor slots, stator and rotor tooth effect and space harmonics in the stator and rotor windings are considered. Dependency of shorted turn current magnitude on the number of shorted turns and load level has been simulated using Matlab-Simulaink software in the rotor and stator windings. Experimental results on a 1.1kW-220V/380V-50Hz-2poles WRIM validate the accuracy of the developed MEC model in both healthy and faulty conditions.","PeriodicalId":288960,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128489547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-20DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960307
M. Dems, K. Komeza
This paper presents a comparison of no-load and load losses for six different nominal power induction motors ranging from 3 kW to 280 kW. For loss calculations, field-circuit and analytical methods are used. The results show a significant increase in core losses concomitant with motor load increases. Additionally, analytical methods were employed to calculate the curves of core losses versus load power.
{"title":"Comparison of no-load and load core losses for a wide range of nominal power induction motors","authors":"M. Dems, K. Komeza","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960307","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a comparison of no-load and load losses for six different nominal power induction motors ranging from 3 kW to 280 kW. For loss calculations, field-circuit and analytical methods are used. The results show a significant increase in core losses concomitant with motor load increases. Additionally, analytical methods were employed to calculate the curves of core losses versus load power.","PeriodicalId":288960,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128290212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-20DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960575
R. Moncada, B. Pavez, J. Tapia, J. Pyrhonen
This paper targets to the challenge of electrical energy production and energy efficiency by studying synchronous reluctance machines (SynRM), as an alternative to permanent magnet generator in electric power generation with focus in renewable energy applications. Considering the SynRM as a special case of the wound-rotor synchronous generator, this paper explores the operating limits of the machine and proposes a control strategy to operate a SynRM in an extended speed range while reducing cooper loses. Numerical simulation is used to demonstrate the feasibility of this solution and to validate the analysis.
{"title":"Operation analysis of synchronous reluctance machine in electric power generation","authors":"R. Moncada, B. Pavez, J. Tapia, J. Pyrhonen","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960575","url":null,"abstract":"This paper targets to the challenge of electrical energy production and energy efficiency by studying synchronous reluctance machines (SynRM), as an alternative to permanent magnet generator in electric power generation with focus in renewable energy applications. Considering the SynRM as a special case of the wound-rotor synchronous generator, this paper explores the operating limits of the machine and proposes a control strategy to operate a SynRM in an extended speed range while reducing cooper loses. Numerical simulation is used to demonstrate the feasibility of this solution and to validate the analysis.","PeriodicalId":288960,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129919434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-20DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960164
J. C. Akiror, A. Merkhouf, C. Hudon, P. Pillay
Core losses in an electrical machine vary depending on the type of material, frequency and flux density. Loss prediction using pulsating models is insufficient for estimating core losses in a machine since it does not take into account rotational core losses. Moreover the superposition of pulsating losses in the radial and tangential direction overestimates losses especially at higher flux densities. The objective of this paper is to study the rotational flux density distribution in the stator of a generator under different operating conditions. The distribution of rotational flux in a large hydro generator stator is studied by plotting the aspect ratio. It was found that increasing the yoke length increases the area experiencing rotational flux. Varying the air gap and output power showed slight changes in the rotational flux distribution. However they have an effect on the flux magnitude and harmonics which potentially increase the total losses. Dimensions and operating conditions of the machine therefore affect the total core losses.
{"title":"Consideration of design and operation on rotational flux density distributions in hydro generator stators","authors":"J. C. Akiror, A. Merkhouf, C. Hudon, P. Pillay","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960164","url":null,"abstract":"Core losses in an electrical machine vary depending on the type of material, frequency and flux density. Loss prediction using pulsating models is insufficient for estimating core losses in a machine since it does not take into account rotational core losses. Moreover the superposition of pulsating losses in the radial and tangential direction overestimates losses especially at higher flux densities. The objective of this paper is to study the rotational flux density distribution in the stator of a generator under different operating conditions. The distribution of rotational flux in a large hydro generator stator is studied by plotting the aspect ratio. It was found that increasing the yoke length increases the area experiencing rotational flux. Varying the air gap and output power showed slight changes in the rotational flux distribution. However they have an effect on the flux magnitude and harmonics which potentially increase the total losses. Dimensions and operating conditions of the machine therefore affect the total core losses.","PeriodicalId":288960,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130701892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-20DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960161
D. Prieto, P. Dessante, J. Vannier, X. Jannot, J. Saint-Michel
This paper presents an electromagnetic analytical model for a Permanent Magnet Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Motor (PMA-SRM). The proposed model is based on the Maxwell equations: Ampere's theorem and the flux conservation law. The stator and rotor magnetic saturation are considered, as well as the effect of the magnetic bridges of the flux barriers. The goal is to compute the motor performances (average torque, voltage and power factor) for several current values and current angles. The analytical model results are compared to those from a Finite Element Model (FEM) and are subsequently validated by an experimental prototype.
{"title":"Analytical model for a saturated Permanent Magnet Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Motor","authors":"D. Prieto, P. Dessante, J. Vannier, X. Jannot, J. Saint-Michel","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960161","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an electromagnetic analytical model for a Permanent Magnet Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Motor (PMA-SRM). The proposed model is based on the Maxwell equations: Ampere's theorem and the flux conservation law. The stator and rotor magnetic saturation are considered, as well as the effect of the magnetic bridges of the flux barriers. The goal is to compute the motor performances (average torque, voltage and power factor) for several current values and current angles. The analytical model results are compared to those from a Finite Element Model (FEM) and are subsequently validated by an experimental prototype.","PeriodicalId":288960,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"220 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123399162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-20DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960165
A. Zaini, N. Niguchi, K. Hirata
Previously, a variable speed vernier magnetic gear was proposed. In this paper, the vernier magnetic gear is combined with a generator to produce a continuously variable speed vernier magnetic geared generator. Combining the generator with the gear has the advantage of making use of space harmonics that are not contributing to the operation in a useful way. Also, this way the overall amount of material may be reduced, as well as the overall losses. Its operating principle is theoretically discussed and its characteristics are determined by FEM analysis.
{"title":"Continuously variable speed vernier magnetic geared generator","authors":"A. Zaini, N. Niguchi, K. Hirata","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960165","url":null,"abstract":"Previously, a variable speed vernier magnetic gear was proposed. In this paper, the vernier magnetic gear is combined with a generator to produce a continuously variable speed vernier magnetic geared generator. Combining the generator with the gear has the advantage of making use of space harmonics that are not contributing to the operation in a useful way. Also, this way the overall amount of material may be reduced, as well as the overall losses. Its operating principle is theoretically discussed and its characteristics are determined by FEM analysis.","PeriodicalId":288960,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126419833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-20DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960284
Marcelo Pozo-Palma, M. Pacas
In this paper a predictive control for a permanent magnet synchronous machine with LC-Filter aiming sinusoidal voltage at the machine terminals is presented. The proposed scheme assumes a virtual multilevel inverter and utilizes a conventional pulse width modulator (PWM). A first estimation of the voltage space phasor that has to be synthesized by the inverter is computed by using the equations of the mathematical model of the system enhanced by a Luenberger observer and based on measured inverter currents and the shaft position. The switching patterns are calculated by assuming that the "virtual" inverter has an arbitrary high number of levels. The cost function in a predictive control scheme is minimized by defining a mesh of voltage space phasors that corresponds to the output states of the “virtual” multilevel inverter. The center of this mesh with a finite number of elements corresponds to the first calculated value of the reference voltage. For the minimization only the points belonging to the mesh are considered and the voltage space phasor chosen in this way is then used for the calculation of the switching signals in a conventional space phasor modulator and sent to the real two-level inverter. The proposed scheme results in an easy implementation and delivers good dynamics in the torque behavior. To ensure the convergence on the digital implementation, the Runge-Kutta method is used in each integration step.
{"title":"Predictive control for a PMSM with LC-filter and a virtual multilevel inverter","authors":"Marcelo Pozo-Palma, M. Pacas","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960284","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper a predictive control for a permanent magnet synchronous machine with LC-Filter aiming sinusoidal voltage at the machine terminals is presented. The proposed scheme assumes a virtual multilevel inverter and utilizes a conventional pulse width modulator (PWM). A first estimation of the voltage space phasor that has to be synthesized by the inverter is computed by using the equations of the mathematical model of the system enhanced by a Luenberger observer and based on measured inverter currents and the shaft position. The switching patterns are calculated by assuming that the \"virtual\" inverter has an arbitrary high number of levels. The cost function in a predictive control scheme is minimized by defining a mesh of voltage space phasors that corresponds to the output states of the “virtual” multilevel inverter. The center of this mesh with a finite number of elements corresponds to the first calculated value of the reference voltage. For the minimization only the points belonging to the mesh are considered and the voltage space phasor chosen in this way is then used for the calculation of the switching signals in a conventional space phasor modulator and sent to the real two-level inverter. The proposed scheme results in an easy implementation and delivers good dynamics in the torque behavior. To ensure the convergence on the digital implementation, the Runge-Kutta method is used in each integration step.","PeriodicalId":288960,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"C-24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126478943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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