Pub Date : 2014-11-20DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960255
D. Huger, D. Gerling
In this paper, a system of coupled and interacting models for dynamic electric and thermal behavior of an electrical machine is presented. The models are specifically designed for maximum execution speed and are suitable for simulating the machine behavior over long time periods and even the entire lifetime of the machine. Nevertheless, the results proved to be remarkably accurate. Arbitrary electrical faults and thermal asymmetries can be simulated. The influence of the winding resistance and magnet temperature on the machine behavior is implemented. The machine models are connected to lifetime models for the winding insulation at different locations and for the bearings. The aging of those machine components over a driving cycle (CADC) was investigated for healthy case and a given machine design. The temperature distribution inside the machine was analyzed for that specific driving cycle.
{"title":"An advanced lifetime prediction method for permanent magnet synchronous machines","authors":"D. Huger, D. Gerling","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960255","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a system of coupled and interacting models for dynamic electric and thermal behavior of an electrical machine is presented. The models are specifically designed for maximum execution speed and are suitable for simulating the machine behavior over long time periods and even the entire lifetime of the machine. Nevertheless, the results proved to be remarkably accurate. Arbitrary electrical faults and thermal asymmetries can be simulated. The influence of the winding resistance and magnet temperature on the machine behavior is implemented. The machine models are connected to lifetime models for the winding insulation at different locations and for the bearings. The aging of those machine components over a driving cycle (CADC) was investigated for healthy case and a given machine design. The temperature distribution inside the machine was analyzed for that specific driving cycle.","PeriodicalId":288960,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122606296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-20DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960177
I. Z. Boguslavskiy, I. Kruchinina, Y. Khozikov, A. Liubimtcev
This paper presents the calculation approach acceptable for evaluation of magnetic pulling tensioning forces acting between the rotor and stator due to rotor eccentricity for choice of electromagnetic bearings for high-speed synchronous electrical machines, permanent magnet machines (PMSM). The aim of this research is to study these forces in no-load mode and in the rated mode. On the basis of the 2D electromagnetic field distribution using finite-element calculation the electromagnetic tensioning forces have been derived with accuracy sufficient for practical purposes. High spatial harmonics of resultant electromagnetic field of air gap magnetic flux density and saturation of magnetic circuit is taken into account. It has been determined that both the high spatial harmonics and saturation have an influence on the increasing of value of electromagnetic tensioning forces due to rotor eccentricity for different types of machines.
{"title":"High-speed synchronous machines: Magnetic pulling tensioning forces calculation approach","authors":"I. Z. Boguslavskiy, I. Kruchinina, Y. Khozikov, A. Liubimtcev","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960177","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the calculation approach acceptable for evaluation of magnetic pulling tensioning forces acting between the rotor and stator due to rotor eccentricity for choice of electromagnetic bearings for high-speed synchronous electrical machines, permanent magnet machines (PMSM). The aim of this research is to study these forces in no-load mode and in the rated mode. On the basis of the 2D electromagnetic field distribution using finite-element calculation the electromagnetic tensioning forces have been derived with accuracy sufficient for practical purposes. High spatial harmonics of resultant electromagnetic field of air gap magnetic flux density and saturation of magnetic circuit is taken into account. It has been determined that both the high spatial harmonics and saturation have an influence on the increasing of value of electromagnetic tensioning forces due to rotor eccentricity for different types of machines.","PeriodicalId":288960,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122864527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-20DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960492
Leif Siesing, A. Reinap, Mats Andersson
This paper presents a comparison of the thermal properties between infiltrated and non-infiltrated copper windings. The focus is on thermal conductivity in the radial direction on the winding. The samples have a fill factor above 65 % due to the manufacturing method of the samples. Samples are produced and measured with the transient plane source technique and then compared to FEM simulations and the Hashin and Shtrikman approximation. The results show a considerable difference between a non-infiltrated and an infiltrated winding, as well as a good agreement between measurements, FEM simulations and the Hashin and Shtrikman approximation.
{"title":"Thermal properties on high fill factor electrical windings: Infiltrated vs non infiltrated","authors":"Leif Siesing, A. Reinap, Mats Andersson","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960492","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a comparison of the thermal properties between infiltrated and non-infiltrated copper windings. The focus is on thermal conductivity in the radial direction on the winding. The samples have a fill factor above 65 % due to the manufacturing method of the samples. Samples are produced and measured with the transient plane source technique and then compared to FEM simulations and the Hashin and Shtrikman approximation. The results show a considerable difference between a non-infiltrated and an infiltrated winding, as well as a good agreement between measurements, FEM simulations and the Hashin and Shtrikman approximation.","PeriodicalId":288960,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124045448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-20DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960455
M. Farshadnia, R. Dutta, J. Fletcher, K. Ahsanullah, M. F. Rahman, H. Lovatt
An analytical modelling technique to calculate the generated magneto-motive force (MMF) and back-EMF of fractional slot concentrated wound (FSCW) permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) is reported. The generated MMF of a FSCW stator is analyzed and modelled using a Fourier series technique. General expressions of the harmonic winding factors for FCSW stators with different slot-pole combinations are then obtained. A general expression for the generated back-EMF of FSCW PMSMs is then derived. The obtained analytical results are validated through finite-element analysis (FEA) and experimental tests on a prototype FSCW PMSM. A comparison between the generated voltages of various FSCW stator topologies is also performed.
{"title":"Analysis of MMF and back-EMF waveforms for fractional-slot concentrated-wound permanent magnet machines","authors":"M. Farshadnia, R. Dutta, J. Fletcher, K. Ahsanullah, M. F. Rahman, H. Lovatt","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960455","url":null,"abstract":"An analytical modelling technique to calculate the generated magneto-motive force (MMF) and back-EMF of fractional slot concentrated wound (FSCW) permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) is reported. The generated MMF of a FSCW stator is analyzed and modelled using a Fourier series technique. General expressions of the harmonic winding factors for FCSW stators with different slot-pole combinations are then obtained. A general expression for the generated back-EMF of FSCW PMSMs is then derived. The obtained analytical results are validated through finite-element analysis (FEA) and experimental tests on a prototype FSCW PMSM. A comparison between the generated voltages of various FSCW stator topologies is also performed.","PeriodicalId":288960,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127734651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-20DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960425
D. Giaourakis, A. Safacas
This paper deals with the behavior of the Doubly-Fed Induction Generator Wind Energy Conversion System under forced dynamic circumstances, such as sudden wind speed changes-gusts, harmonically distorted grid voltage and open-circuit fault in power electronic converters. An analysis of these phenomena and fault diagnosis based on Fast Fourier Transformation method has been carried out via simulation using a system of 2 MW.
{"title":"Response of Doubly-Fed Induction Generator Wind Energy Conversion System in dynamic situations-wind, grid and converter perturbations","authors":"D. Giaourakis, A. Safacas","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960425","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the behavior of the Doubly-Fed Induction Generator Wind Energy Conversion System under forced dynamic circumstances, such as sudden wind speed changes-gusts, harmonically distorted grid voltage and open-circuit fault in power electronic converters. An analysis of these phenomena and fault diagnosis based on Fast Fourier Transformation method has been carried out via simulation using a system of 2 MW.","PeriodicalId":288960,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121224711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-20DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960574
M. Thiele, G. Heins, D. Patterson
Cogging torque in fractional pitch PMSM is minimized when manufacturing induced errors are also minimized. This paper investigates additional cogging torque harmonics resulting from misalignment of the rotor and stator caused by assembly and manufacturing tolerances in an axial flux, fractional pitch PMSM. A hybrid analytical / FEA method utilizing superposition of a pole transition over a single stator slot is developed to predict the effect on cogging torque of angular misalignment in combination with pole and slot placement inaccuracies. This work extends on that previously published by inducing varying degrees of assembly misalignment of the stator and rotor to determine the effect on cogging torque waveforms. Experimental data is presented supporting the analytical data indicating that static angular misalignment produces sidebands about the rotor affected harmonics and dynamic angular misalignment creates sidebands around the stator affected harmonic. There is good agreement between the analytical method, FEA and measured experimental data.
{"title":"Identifying manufacturing induced rotor and stator misalignment in brushless permanent magnet motors","authors":"M. Thiele, G. Heins, D. Patterson","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960574","url":null,"abstract":"Cogging torque in fractional pitch PMSM is minimized when manufacturing induced errors are also minimized. This paper investigates additional cogging torque harmonics resulting from misalignment of the rotor and stator caused by assembly and manufacturing tolerances in an axial flux, fractional pitch PMSM. A hybrid analytical / FEA method utilizing superposition of a pole transition over a single stator slot is developed to predict the effect on cogging torque of angular misalignment in combination with pole and slot placement inaccuracies. This work extends on that previously published by inducing varying degrees of assembly misalignment of the stator and rotor to determine the effect on cogging torque waveforms. Experimental data is presented supporting the analytical data indicating that static angular misalignment produces sidebands about the rotor affected harmonics and dynamic angular misalignment creates sidebands around the stator affected harmonic. There is good agreement between the analytical method, FEA and measured experimental data.","PeriodicalId":288960,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128815694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-20DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960155
F. Mapelli, D. Tarsitano, F. Cheli
The Field Oriented Controlled algorithm needs accurate estimation of motor state variables in order to ensure full torque and power performance. Good control results are strongly related to parameter values used by observers or estimators' algorithms, which vary according to the machine working conditions and the temperature. The most important parameter is the rotor resistance. The paper shows and compares two different MRAS rotor resistance estimators, based on reactive power and motor torque, studied by means of a sensitivity analysis for different load and speed operating conditions. A nonlinear correction algorithm has been proposed in order to assure a good rotor resistance estimation convergence. Since the algorithm has to be implemented on an electrical vehicle inverter, it has been defined taking into account that it has to operate under dynamic conditions, the typical situation occurring during a drive cycle. Sensitivity analysis, simulation and experimental results are reported for the proposed methods.
{"title":"A rotor resistance MRAS estimator for EV induction motor traction drive based on torque and reactive stator power: Simulation and experimental results","authors":"F. Mapelli, D. Tarsitano, F. Cheli","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960155","url":null,"abstract":"The Field Oriented Controlled algorithm needs accurate estimation of motor state variables in order to ensure full torque and power performance. Good control results are strongly related to parameter values used by observers or estimators' algorithms, which vary according to the machine working conditions and the temperature. The most important parameter is the rotor resistance. The paper shows and compares two different MRAS rotor resistance estimators, based on reactive power and motor torque, studied by means of a sensitivity analysis for different load and speed operating conditions. A nonlinear correction algorithm has been proposed in order to assure a good rotor resistance estimation convergence. Since the algorithm has to be implemented on an electrical vehicle inverter, it has been defined taking into account that it has to operate under dynamic conditions, the typical situation occurring during a drive cycle. Sensitivity analysis, simulation and experimental results are reported for the proposed methods.","PeriodicalId":288960,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129134896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-20DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960385
S. Hall, Y. Loayza, A. Reinap, M. Alakula
Various applications need an electric machine that can provide a wide range of torque over a broad range of rotation speed and temperature. Dynamic testing, where the machine acceleration is compared to the deceleration slope, allows to scan through a wide scope of operation points with insignificant temperature rise. Therefore, the goal of this paper is to analyse the consistency of the rapid experimental evaluation method when comparing the torque derived from the electric input to the one derived from the mechanic output. The paper shows that the electromagnetic torque is estimated within 0.5% expected difference between the two ways of calculating the torque, depending on the selected operation points.
{"title":"Consistency analysis of torque measurements performed on a PMSM using dynamic testing","authors":"S. Hall, Y. Loayza, A. Reinap, M. Alakula","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960385","url":null,"abstract":"Various applications need an electric machine that can provide a wide range of torque over a broad range of rotation speed and temperature. Dynamic testing, where the machine acceleration is compared to the deceleration slope, allows to scan through a wide scope of operation points with insignificant temperature rise. Therefore, the goal of this paper is to analyse the consistency of the rapid experimental evaluation method when comparing the torque derived from the electric input to the one derived from the mechanic output. The paper shows that the electromagnetic torque is estimated within 0.5% expected difference between the two ways of calculating the torque, depending on the selected operation points.","PeriodicalId":288960,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117179665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-20DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960282
Taiga Goto, Y. Sato, Shota Kondo, M. Tomita, M. Hasegawa, S. Doki, S. Kato
The reduced order observer (disturbance observer) based on the the extended electromotive force(eemf) model, which can be applied to the position and velocity sensorless control for all synchronous motors included IPMSMs(Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors), had been proposed by authors. However, the design of a full-order eemf observer is difficult, because the error equations of the observers become ones of the fourth order. Therefore, this paper proposes a design method of the full-order eemf observer whose objective is the robust position estimation against the velocity estimation error, using H∞ control theory. Moreover, a new design method of the more robust full-order eemf observer is proposed by restudying the error system of the observer, and the simulation and experimental results of the position and velocity sensorless control of IPMSM under the maximum torque per ampere(MTPA) show that a new design method of the full-order eemf observer is very useful.
{"title":"Position and velocity sensorless control of IPMSM using full-order observer based on extended electromotive force with a new observer design method","authors":"Taiga Goto, Y. Sato, Shota Kondo, M. Tomita, M. Hasegawa, S. Doki, S. Kato","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960282","url":null,"abstract":"The reduced order observer (disturbance observer) based on the the extended electromotive force(eemf) model, which can be applied to the position and velocity sensorless control for all synchronous motors included IPMSMs(Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors), had been proposed by authors. However, the design of a full-order eemf observer is difficult, because the error equations of the observers become ones of the fourth order. Therefore, this paper proposes a design method of the full-order eemf observer whose objective is the robust position estimation against the velocity estimation error, using H∞ control theory. Moreover, a new design method of the more robust full-order eemf observer is proposed by restudying the error system of the observer, and the simulation and experimental results of the position and velocity sensorless control of IPMSM under the maximum torque per ampere(MTPA) show that a new design method of the full-order eemf observer is very useful.","PeriodicalId":288960,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115501086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-20DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960368
N. Lancial, F. Torriano, F. Beaubert, S. Harmand, G. Rolland
This paper investigates a Taylor-Couette-Poiseuille flow in an annular channel of a slotted rotating inner cylinder, corresponding to a salient pole hydrogenerator. The purpose of this study is to improve the understanding of flow and thermal phenomena in electrical machines using a simplified scale model. Some numerical tests are first shown to investigate the influence of certain numerical parameters. Finally, CFD and CHT studies of the flow regimes are presented in the slotted rotor geometry and compared to experimental and literature data.
{"title":"Study of a Taylor-Couette-Poiseuille flow in an annular channel with a slotted rotor","authors":"N. Lancial, F. Torriano, F. Beaubert, S. Harmand, G. Rolland","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960368","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates a Taylor-Couette-Poiseuille flow in an annular channel of a slotted rotating inner cylinder, corresponding to a salient pole hydrogenerator. The purpose of this study is to improve the understanding of flow and thermal phenomena in electrical machines using a simplified scale model. Some numerical tests are first shown to investigate the influence of certain numerical parameters. Finally, CFD and CHT studies of the flow regimes are presented in the slotted rotor geometry and compared to experimental and literature data.","PeriodicalId":288960,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115572861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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