Pub Date : 2014-11-20DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960497
P. Witczak
The paper deals with the numerical method describing the calculation of forces acting inside the three phase transformer core and having the magnetostriction nature. All calculations assume that 2D fields of magnetic flux density are available obtained by time-stepping approach combined with circuit analysis. The equations linking flux distribution in space with force components in chosen volumes of interest are given. The method is illustrated with few diagrams showing the amplitude and phase relationships of dominated spectral components.
{"title":"Magnetostriction force spectrum in power transformer","authors":"P. Witczak","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960497","url":null,"abstract":"The paper deals with the numerical method describing the calculation of forces acting inside the three phase transformer core and having the magnetostriction nature. All calculations assume that 2D fields of magnetic flux density are available obtained by time-stepping approach combined with circuit analysis. The equations linking flux distribution in space with force components in chosen volumes of interest are given. The method is illustrated with few diagrams showing the amplitude and phase relationships of dominated spectral components.","PeriodicalId":288960,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"139 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114598177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-20DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960402
M. Mair, S. Haas, K. Ellermann
The vibrations of a rotor in an electrical machine are investigated with one-dimensional finite elements. The elements have six degrees of freedom and are described by Timoshenko's beam theory. The shear correction factors are computed from a separate finite element problem for each cross section. Composite elements balance the heterogeneous structure of the rotor. The results of a modal analysis are compared to experimental data in order to validate the rotor model. Finally, the rotating system is analyzed including the gyroscopic effect and spin softening.
{"title":"Modeling of a rotor of an electrical machine using composite beam elements","authors":"M. Mair, S. Haas, K. Ellermann","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960402","url":null,"abstract":"The vibrations of a rotor in an electrical machine are investigated with one-dimensional finite elements. The elements have six degrees of freedom and are described by Timoshenko's beam theory. The shear correction factors are computed from a separate finite element problem for each cross section. Composite elements balance the heterogeneous structure of the rotor. The results of a modal analysis are compared to experimental data in order to validate the rotor model. Finally, the rotating system is analyzed including the gyroscopic effect and spin softening.","PeriodicalId":288960,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122196835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-20DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960501
M. Arjona, C. Hernández, R. Escarela-Perez, E. Melgoza
This paper presents an analysis of the thermal behavior (convection, conduction and radiation) in steady state of a dry-type distribution power transformer. Dry-type transformers are mainly used in applications where the risk of fire and environmental policy does not allow the use of oil-filled transformers. The model takes into account the fluid (air) and solves the heat transfer equation for non-isothermal stationary laminar flow; together with the radiation between the components in the transformer and with the external ambient temperature. The finite element method is used to solve an axisymmetric model of the transformer. It is also modeled the effect of forced air in the thermal model. It is concluded that the finite element model can predict the thermal process in the stationary state, and that this tool can be used by manufacturers to design better electromagnetic devices.
{"title":"Thermal analysis of a dry-type distribution power transformer using FEA","authors":"M. Arjona, C. Hernández, R. Escarela-Perez, E. Melgoza","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960501","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an analysis of the thermal behavior (convection, conduction and radiation) in steady state of a dry-type distribution power transformer. Dry-type transformers are mainly used in applications where the risk of fire and environmental policy does not allow the use of oil-filled transformers. The model takes into account the fluid (air) and solves the heat transfer equation for non-isothermal stationary laminar flow; together with the radiation between the components in the transformer and with the external ambient temperature. The finite element method is used to solve an axisymmetric model of the transformer. It is also modeled the effect of forced air in the thermal model. It is concluded that the finite element model can predict the thermal process in the stationary state, and that this tool can be used by manufacturers to design better electromagnetic devices.","PeriodicalId":288960,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116880640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-20DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960568
A. Hemeida, P. Sergeant
This paper presents an analytical modeling of eddy current losses of an Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (AFPMSM) using coupled solution of Maxwell's equations and resistance network. The idea is based on calculating the flux density in an accurate way in the air gap area and on the magnet surface taking into account the effect of armature field and slotting effect. The resistance network for the magnet is then reconstructed by dividing it into a number of nodes and branches. The sources in the resistance network are based on the time derivative of the flux density on the permanent magnet (PM) surface. The field solution is analyzed in the frequency domain and the magnetic resistance network is solved for each frequency. Compared to the Finite Element Method (FEM), the analytical model has the advantage of flexibility in geometrical machine parameters, less CPU time, and accurate results.
{"title":"Analytical modeling of eddy current losses in Axial Flux PMSM using resistance network","authors":"A. Hemeida, P. Sergeant","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960568","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an analytical modeling of eddy current losses of an Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (AFPMSM) using coupled solution of Maxwell's equations and resistance network. The idea is based on calculating the flux density in an accurate way in the air gap area and on the magnet surface taking into account the effect of armature field and slotting effect. The resistance network for the magnet is then reconstructed by dividing it into a number of nodes and branches. The sources in the resistance network are based on the time derivative of the flux density on the permanent magnet (PM) surface. The field solution is analyzed in the frequency domain and the magnetic resistance network is solved for each frequency. Compared to the Finite Element Method (FEM), the analytical model has the advantage of flexibility in geometrical machine parameters, less CPU time, and accurate results.","PeriodicalId":288960,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129529327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-20DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960508
S. Dallas, A. Skoufis, J. Prousalidis
This paper presents a methodology for installing an electric power quality monitoring system onboard a ship in order to manage and optimize the power consumption of electric loads which are considered critical for the overall ship efficiency. The aftermath is a system comprises measuring devices for recording both voltage and current. The loggers are interconnected via a local intranet-preferably WiFi - to a computer located in the control room of the ship. This methodology was developed within the framework of a research project and the system was implemented onboard actual oil tanker. Specifically, this monitoring system comprises three devices, for three different motors, measuring both input voltage and current. The motors starting operation and equipment were changed. Thus, voltage and current measurements took place before and after the retrofitting so the corresponding energy consumption and power quality were compared.
{"title":"Introducing a ship electric power quality monitoring system for green shipping","authors":"S. Dallas, A. Skoufis, J. Prousalidis","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960508","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a methodology for installing an electric power quality monitoring system onboard a ship in order to manage and optimize the power consumption of electric loads which are considered critical for the overall ship efficiency. The aftermath is a system comprises measuring devices for recording both voltage and current. The loggers are interconnected via a local intranet-preferably WiFi - to a computer located in the control room of the ship. This methodology was developed within the framework of a research project and the system was implemented onboard actual oil tanker. Specifically, this monitoring system comprises three devices, for three different motors, measuring both input voltage and current. The motors starting operation and equipment were changed. Thus, voltage and current measurements took place before and after the retrofitting so the corresponding energy consumption and power quality were compared.","PeriodicalId":288960,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128421545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-20DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960530
A. Choudhury, P. Pillay, S. Williamson
A modified DC-link voltage balancing scheme is proposed, which keeps the two DC-link capacitor voltage differences at a desired level for wider load variation and for low power factor. Moreover, the proposed control strategy uses a reduced number of switching sequences compared to conventional DC-link voltage balancing strategy, which helps to reduce the switching losses. Effects of low power factor on the DC-link voltage balancing is also studied and a numerical expression is derived for an optimum power factor angle, above which conventional balancing strategies results in capacitor voltage difference. Detailed simulation studies are carried out in Matlab/Simulink with a 6.0 kW surface permanent magnet synchronous machine (SPMSM) used for electric vehicle propulsion applications. Experimental studies are also carried out with a 6.0 kW SPMSM drive. Both the simulation and experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed system.
{"title":"Modified DC-bus voltage balancing algorithm based three-level neutral point clamped PMSM drive with low power factor","authors":"A. Choudhury, P. Pillay, S. Williamson","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960530","url":null,"abstract":"A modified DC-link voltage balancing scheme is proposed, which keeps the two DC-link capacitor voltage differences at a desired level for wider load variation and for low power factor. Moreover, the proposed control strategy uses a reduced number of switching sequences compared to conventional DC-link voltage balancing strategy, which helps to reduce the switching losses. Effects of low power factor on the DC-link voltage balancing is also studied and a numerical expression is derived for an optimum power factor angle, above which conventional balancing strategies results in capacitor voltage difference. Detailed simulation studies are carried out in Matlab/Simulink with a 6.0 kW surface permanent magnet synchronous machine (SPMSM) used for electric vehicle propulsion applications. Experimental studies are also carried out with a 6.0 kW SPMSM drive. Both the simulation and experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed system.","PeriodicalId":288960,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128351579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-20DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960362
S. Rick, A. Putri, D. Franck, K. Hameyer
The permanent magnet synchronous reluctance machine (PMSynRM) is a type of permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) with the objective to provide high reluctance torque. This is realized by a particularly designed constellation of flux barriers in the rotor of the machine. Beside high efficiency and supplied power density, an acoustic evaluation of this machine is performed for various applications, for example in hybrid and electric vehicles (HEV, EV). A study for the acoustic design of a PMSynRM is presented in this paper. An approach to improve the magnetic circuit by varying the shape of the flux barriers is introduced. Using numerical simulations every operating point in the d-q-diagram is considered. The local force density in the air gap of the machine is calculated and analyzed with a 2-D Fourier Transformation. The results are used as analysis criterion.
{"title":"Permanent magnet synchronous reluctance machine — Design guidelines to improve the acoustic behavior","authors":"S. Rick, A. Putri, D. Franck, K. Hameyer","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960362","url":null,"abstract":"The permanent magnet synchronous reluctance machine (PMSynRM) is a type of permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) with the objective to provide high reluctance torque. This is realized by a particularly designed constellation of flux barriers in the rotor of the machine. Beside high efficiency and supplied power density, an acoustic evaluation of this machine is performed for various applications, for example in hybrid and electric vehicles (HEV, EV). A study for the acoustic design of a PMSynRM is presented in this paper. An approach to improve the magnetic circuit by varying the shape of the flux barriers is introduced. Using numerical simulations every operating point in the d-q-diagram is considered. The local force density in the air gap of the machine is calculated and analyzed with a 2-D Fourier Transformation. The results are used as analysis criterion.","PeriodicalId":288960,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"365 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124588681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-20DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960448
K. Gyftakis, D. V. Spyropoulos, J. Kappatou, E. Mitronikas
It has been noted that, in the induction motor the mechanical load oscillations can produce stator current spectrum harmonics, similar to the ones of the broken bar fault. As a consequence, these two different conditions have to be reliably distinguished. This paper proposes a new method aiming to this direction. More specifically, it is proposed to monitor the inherent eccentricity harmonics and their sidebands in order to reliably distinguish whether there is a broken bar fault or not, in the presence of mechanical load oscillations. The proposed method has been tested experimentally for different load and saturation levels of a cage induction motor and the results prove to be satisfying for all studied conditions.
{"title":"Taking advantage of the induction motor inherent eccentricity aiming to discriminate the broken bar fault from load oscillations","authors":"K. Gyftakis, D. V. Spyropoulos, J. Kappatou, E. Mitronikas","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960448","url":null,"abstract":"It has been noted that, in the induction motor the mechanical load oscillations can produce stator current spectrum harmonics, similar to the ones of the broken bar fault. As a consequence, these two different conditions have to be reliably distinguished. This paper proposes a new method aiming to this direction. More specifically, it is proposed to monitor the inherent eccentricity harmonics and their sidebands in order to reliably distinguish whether there is a broken bar fault or not, in the presence of mechanical load oscillations. The proposed method has been tested experimentally for different load and saturation levels of a cage induction motor and the results prove to be satisfying for all studied conditions.","PeriodicalId":288960,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124607040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-20DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960310
C. Spargo, B. Mecrow, J. Widmer
A novel finite element solution post-processing technique to determine the effects of rotor skewing is presented in this paper. It was previously proposed that a post-processing semi-numerical method to calculate the harmonic torque components in synchronous machines is useful to machine designers. Harmonic Maxwellian stress components create parasitic effects during machine operation such as torque ripple, which is extremely undesirable in many applications and is a major cause of acoustic noise and vibration which can limit the machine's application. Rotor skewing usually allows reduction of this torque ripple and this paper expands previous work to include a good approximation of skewing effects using a single 2D time stepping Finite Element (FE) study with the developed post-processing method. The method reduces computation time for skew effect calculation where a large 3D FE simulation would usually be required.
{"title":"Computationally efficient skew effect calculation in electric machines utilising harmonic Maxwellian stress decomposition","authors":"C. Spargo, B. Mecrow, J. Widmer","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960310","url":null,"abstract":"A novel finite element solution post-processing technique to determine the effects of rotor skewing is presented in this paper. It was previously proposed that a post-processing semi-numerical method to calculate the harmonic torque components in synchronous machines is useful to machine designers. Harmonic Maxwellian stress components create parasitic effects during machine operation such as torque ripple, which is extremely undesirable in many applications and is a major cause of acoustic noise and vibration which can limit the machine's application. Rotor skewing usually allows reduction of this torque ripple and this paper expands previous work to include a good approximation of skewing effects using a single 2D time stepping Finite Element (FE) study with the developed post-processing method. The method reduces computation time for skew effect calculation where a large 3D FE simulation would usually be required.","PeriodicalId":288960,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129431679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-20DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960358
A. D. Lilla, H. Dehnavifard, M. A. Khan, P. Barendse
This paper focuses on the Optimization of Medium Voltage Geared Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator Systems in an attempt to reduce the amount of rare earth material used. The aim is to decrease the weight and cost of large scale Medium Voltage (MV) Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generators, to be used in a Medium Voltage system configuration. A genetic algorithm is used for the design optimization which minimizes the generator cost and permanent magnet material. The approach is used to optimize a range of PMSGs with power ratings of 3 MW, 5 MW and 10 MW. Finally, a detailed comparison is presented of each design. The comparative results show that a Medium Voltage single-stage Geared PMSG is more cost-effective than both the Low Voltage Direct-Drive and Low Voltage Geared concepts.
{"title":"Optimization of high voltage geared permanent-magnet synchronous generator systems","authors":"A. D. Lilla, H. Dehnavifard, M. A. Khan, P. Barendse","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2014.6960358","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on the Optimization of Medium Voltage Geared Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator Systems in an attempt to reduce the amount of rare earth material used. The aim is to decrease the weight and cost of large scale Medium Voltage (MV) Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generators, to be used in a Medium Voltage system configuration. A genetic algorithm is used for the design optimization which minimizes the generator cost and permanent magnet material. The approach is used to optimize a range of PMSGs with power ratings of 3 MW, 5 MW and 10 MW. Finally, a detailed comparison is presented of each design. The comparative results show that a Medium Voltage single-stage Geared PMSG is more cost-effective than both the Low Voltage Direct-Drive and Low Voltage Geared concepts.","PeriodicalId":288960,"journal":{"name":"2014 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127002825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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