Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8506857
N. Yogal, C. Lehrmann, M. Henke
The use of permanent magnet synchronous machines to achieve high performance and high efficiency in the modern motor and generator industries has increased rapidly in recent years. The existing efficiency determining methods and standards do not however consider measurement uncertainties during loss and efficiency calculations of such machines. In this paper, the determination of the efficiency of permanent magnet synchronous machines using direct and indirect methods is presented and the measurement uncertainty is determined using the software called GUM Workbench “Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement” while assessing the results of efficiency measurements.
{"title":"Determination of the Measurement Uncertainty of Direct and Indirect Efficiency Measurement Methods in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines","authors":"N. Yogal, C. Lehrmann, M. Henke","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8506857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8506857","url":null,"abstract":"The use of permanent magnet synchronous machines to achieve high performance and high efficiency in the modern motor and generator industries has increased rapidly in recent years. The existing efficiency determining methods and standards do not however consider measurement uncertainties during loss and efficiency calculations of such machines. In this paper, the determination of the efficiency of permanent magnet synchronous machines using direct and indirect methods is presented and the measurement uncertainty is determined using the software called GUM Workbench “Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement” while assessing the results of efficiency measurements.","PeriodicalId":292261,"journal":{"name":"2018 XIII International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125142880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8507209
J. Rituper, C. Alteheld, J. Güdelhöfer, R. Gottkehaskamp
A magnetic equivalent circuit with a focus on the air-gap is presented. The model takes the slot openings and its effects into account by applying magnetic permeance waves. While the amount of permeance elements in the airgap is significantly increased, the number of nodes, respectively equations and therefore the calculation time compared to a basic model stays the same. Nevertheless, the proposed method makes it possible to determine the magnetic field in the air-gap with a high accuracy, as verified by three different motors.
{"title":"Analytical Method to Consider the Slot Opening Effects in Nonlinear Magnetic Equivalent Circuits of Induction Machines","authors":"J. Rituper, C. Alteheld, J. Güdelhöfer, R. Gottkehaskamp","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8507209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8507209","url":null,"abstract":"A magnetic equivalent circuit with a focus on the air-gap is presented. The model takes the slot openings and its effects into account by applying magnetic permeance waves. While the amount of permeance elements in the airgap is significantly increased, the number of nodes, respectively equations and therefore the calculation time compared to a basic model stays the same. Nevertheless, the proposed method makes it possible to determine the magnetic field in the air-gap with a high accuracy, as verified by three different motors.","PeriodicalId":292261,"journal":{"name":"2018 XIII International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122768982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8506962
G. Georgoulas, L. Frosini, I. Tsoumas, T. Loutas, A. Albini
This paper proposes an automatic method, for monitoring inverter fed induction motors using external stray flux measurements. The method relies on the marginal power spectrum of the Synchrosqueezed Wavelet Transform for the feature extraction stage and on Principal Component Analysis for the reduction of the high dimensionality of the generated feature vector. For the next stage two approaches were tested: a) a fault detector based on a one-class classifier and b) a fault diagnosis module based on a multiclass classifier. Both of them achieve high accuracies when tested with measurements coming from an experimental set up able to simulate stator short circuits and bearing faults. An explanation of the performance is given by visual inspection of the projection of the feature vectors into a three-dimensional space.
{"title":"An Automatic Method for Condition Monitoring of Inverter Fed Induction Motors","authors":"G. Georgoulas, L. Frosini, I. Tsoumas, T. Loutas, A. Albini","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8506962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8506962","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes an automatic method, for monitoring inverter fed induction motors using external stray flux measurements. The method relies on the marginal power spectrum of the Synchrosqueezed Wavelet Transform for the feature extraction stage and on Principal Component Analysis for the reduction of the high dimensionality of the generated feature vector. For the next stage two approaches were tested: a) a fault detector based on a one-class classifier and b) a fault diagnosis module based on a multiclass classifier. Both of them achieve high accuracies when tested with measurements coming from an experimental set up able to simulate stator short circuits and bearing faults. An explanation of the performance is given by visual inspection of the projection of the feature vectors into a three-dimensional space.","PeriodicalId":292261,"journal":{"name":"2018 XIII International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131390521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8506820
A. A. Diriye, Y. Amara, G. Barakat
For electromagnetic actuators whose magnetic fields are three-dimensional, the use of the 3D finite element (FE) method is required. On the other hand, 3D FE analysis is expensive in computation time, especially for high power machines involving potentially high numbers of nodes. In this paper, a 3D reluctance network (RN) modeling approach is proposed for the pre-design of permanents magnets synchronous machines (PMSM). The RN model developed is used to model three types of electrical machines (linear machine, radial field rotating machine and axial field rotating machine). Our goal is to establish lightweight models for the pre-design of electrical machines. The performances (local and global quantities) of these machines are evaluated using this 3D RN modeling. The results obtained from this approach are validated by comparison with results issued from the 3D FE analyses.
{"title":"Three-Dimensional Modeling of Permanents Magnets Synchronous Machines Using a 3D Reluctance Network","authors":"A. A. Diriye, Y. Amara, G. Barakat","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8506820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8506820","url":null,"abstract":"For electromagnetic actuators whose magnetic fields are three-dimensional, the use of the 3D finite element (FE) method is required. On the other hand, 3D FE analysis is expensive in computation time, especially for high power machines involving potentially high numbers of nodes. In this paper, a 3D reluctance network (RN) modeling approach is proposed for the pre-design of permanents magnets synchronous machines (PMSM). The RN model developed is used to model three types of electrical machines (linear machine, radial field rotating machine and axial field rotating machine). Our goal is to establish lightweight models for the pre-design of electrical machines. The performances (local and global quantities) of these machines are evaluated using this 3D RN modeling. The results obtained from this approach are validated by comparison with results issued from the 3D FE analyses.","PeriodicalId":292261,"journal":{"name":"2018 XIII International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131413351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8507257
R. Romary, R. Pusca, E. Touti, V. Cazac, P. Livinti, I. Nuca
In this paper a comprehensive analysis and a testing process are proposed for investigation of a self-excited induction generator working as integrated source in a low power multisource remote site. For its integration, a reliable scheme is defined and several tests are carried out with a laboratory test bench to evaluate the induction generator stability. The analysis defines a preferential operation area for each machine and the testing process reveals the evolution of the voltage stability during transients by a comparative study between autonomous mode and a mode where the induction generator is connected to a multisource DC bus. In order to avoid the voltage collapsing and the demagnetization of the machine it is necessary to identify its parameters and to define its operating working area where the best stability can be obtained as well as the limits of the load variation. The analytical model used to provide the working area is presented in the paper and also the experimental results which show the significant incensement of the load variation interval for the self-excited induction generator connected to a multisource site.
{"title":"Integration of a Self-Excited Induction Generator in a Low Power Multisource Remote Site","authors":"R. Romary, R. Pusca, E. Touti, V. Cazac, P. Livinti, I. Nuca","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8507257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8507257","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper a comprehensive analysis and a testing process are proposed for investigation of a self-excited induction generator working as integrated source in a low power multisource remote site. For its integration, a reliable scheme is defined and several tests are carried out with a laboratory test bench to evaluate the induction generator stability. The analysis defines a preferential operation area for each machine and the testing process reveals the evolution of the voltage stability during transients by a comparative study between autonomous mode and a mode where the induction generator is connected to a multisource DC bus. In order to avoid the voltage collapsing and the demagnetization of the machine it is necessary to identify its parameters and to define its operating working area where the best stability can be obtained as well as the limits of the load variation. The analytical model used to provide the working area is presented in the paper and also the experimental results which show the significant incensement of the load variation interval for the self-excited induction generator connected to a multisource site.","PeriodicalId":292261,"journal":{"name":"2018 XIII International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127593250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8507238
E. Bostanci
Brushless DC (BLDC) machines are known to have a high torque/power density but it is still a challenge to design a BLDC with a wide extended speed range while keeping its torque/power density high. A mechanical field weakening method, in which the active axial length of a BLDC machine is reduced on run by axially displacing its rotor with respect to its stator, was proposed to achieve a wider extended speed range with a limited DC-link voltage. However, its effectiveness and optimal application are not considered in detail. The aim of this study is to analyze the extended speed range of an axially displaceable rotor brushless DC (ADR-BLDC) machine. First of all, factors that limit the speed range of an ADR-BLDC machine are discussed. Afterwards, rotational speed limits of the analyzed ADR-BLDC machine are compared for different field weakening approaches. Based on these results a combined field weakening approach that combines both the electrical and mechanical field weakening methods is proposed.
{"title":"Field Weakening Methods for Axially Displaceable Brushless DC Machines","authors":"E. Bostanci","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8507238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8507238","url":null,"abstract":"Brushless DC (BLDC) machines are known to have a high torque/power density but it is still a challenge to design a BLDC with a wide extended speed range while keeping its torque/power density high. A mechanical field weakening method, in which the active axial length of a BLDC machine is reduced on run by axially displacing its rotor with respect to its stator, was proposed to achieve a wider extended speed range with a limited DC-link voltage. However, its effectiveness and optimal application are not considered in detail. The aim of this study is to analyze the extended speed range of an axially displaceable rotor brushless DC (ADR-BLDC) machine. First of all, factors that limit the speed range of an ADR-BLDC machine are discussed. Afterwards, rotational speed limits of the analyzed ADR-BLDC machine are compared for different field weakening approaches. Based on these results a combined field weakening approach that combines both the electrical and mechanical field weakening methods is proposed.","PeriodicalId":292261,"journal":{"name":"2018 XIII International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127606971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8506682
A. Putri, M. Nell, M. Hombitzer, D. Franck, K. Hameyer
In this paper, the design of a permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) with spoke type rotor and ferrite permanent magnets (spoke-type PMSM) as a substitute to an existing PMSM is presented. The reference machine is a fractional horsepower interior PMSM with v-shaped NdFeB-magnets (VPMSM). The spoke-type PMSM is designed based on the geometrical properties of the reference machine. The characteristic of the machines in two operating points are compared; one in the base speed area and one in the field weakening range. The foci of the comparison are the electrical and mechanical properties of the machines, e.g. back-emf, torque, radial force densities and iron losses. The effect on the machine's cost by using different materials is analyzed.
{"title":"On the Design of a PMSM Rotor with Ferrite Magnets to Substitute a Rare Earth Permanent Magnet System","authors":"A. Putri, M. Nell, M. Hombitzer, D. Franck, K. Hameyer","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8506682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8506682","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the design of a permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) with spoke type rotor and ferrite permanent magnets (spoke-type PMSM) as a substitute to an existing PMSM is presented. The reference machine is a fractional horsepower interior PMSM with v-shaped NdFeB-magnets (VPMSM). The spoke-type PMSM is designed based on the geometrical properties of the reference machine. The characteristic of the machines in two operating points are compared; one in the base speed area and one in the field weakening range. The foci of the comparison are the electrical and mechanical properties of the machines, e.g. back-emf, torque, radial force densities and iron losses. The effect on the machine's cost by using different materials is analyzed.","PeriodicalId":292261,"journal":{"name":"2018 XIII International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127785461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8506920
P. Eklund, S. Eriksson
When designing permanent magnet (PM) synchronous machines the demagnetizing effect of armature short circuit currents on the PMs needs to be considered. In some cases there can be a need to estimate the demagnetizing field from the winding without knowing the winding scheme. To do this, a lumped parameter model of the dynamics of the magnetic field and armature current distribution is proposed. Validation of the model using two different machines shows acceptable agreement. The proposed model is found to be useful for its particular purpose of determining the approximate short circuit current distribution in the armature without knowing the winding design.
{"title":"Winding Design Independent Calculation Method for Short Circuit Currents in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines","authors":"P. Eklund, S. Eriksson","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8506920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8506920","url":null,"abstract":"When designing permanent magnet (PM) synchronous machines the demagnetizing effect of armature short circuit currents on the PMs needs to be considered. In some cases there can be a need to estimate the demagnetizing field from the winding without knowing the winding scheme. To do this, a lumped parameter model of the dynamics of the magnetic field and armature current distribution is proposed. Validation of the model using two different machines shows acceptable agreement. The proposed model is found to be useful for its particular purpose of determining the approximate short circuit current distribution in the armature without knowing the winding design.","PeriodicalId":292261,"journal":{"name":"2018 XIII International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132937919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8506937
B. Kerdsup, N. Takorabet, B. Nahidmobarakeh
In this paper, a permanent magnet-assisted synchronous reluctance motor (PM -assisted SynRM) is designed to be compared with a synchronous reluctance motor (SynRM) used in a blower of an air conditioner in terms of motor performance and material costs. The same stator structure and winding configuration of both motors are utilized. The motor performances are determined by using a design software tool coupled with a finite-element (FE) method. The material cost analysis is based on the material costs obtained from the supplier. The motor performances of the designed PM -assisted SynRM are better than those of the SynRM in terms of efficiency and power factor with a slight increase of the material cost. The insertion of permanent magnets in the innermost flux-barrier layer achieves the highest torque per cost. Also, the inserted permanent magnets in this position could reduce the risk of demaznetization.
{"title":"Design of Permanent Magnet-Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Motors with Maximum Efficiency-Power Factor and Torque per Cost","authors":"B. Kerdsup, N. Takorabet, B. Nahidmobarakeh","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8506937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8506937","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a permanent magnet-assisted synchronous reluctance motor (PM -assisted SynRM) is designed to be compared with a synchronous reluctance motor (SynRM) used in a blower of an air conditioner in terms of motor performance and material costs. The same stator structure and winding configuration of both motors are utilized. The motor performances are determined by using a design software tool coupled with a finite-element (FE) method. The material cost analysis is based on the material costs obtained from the supplier. The motor performances of the designed PM -assisted SynRM are better than those of the SynRM in terms of efficiency and power factor with a slight increase of the material cost. The insertion of permanent magnets in the innermost flux-barrier layer achieves the highest torque per cost. Also, the inserted permanent magnets in this position could reduce the risk of demaznetization.","PeriodicalId":292261,"journal":{"name":"2018 XIII International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133893432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8507208
J. Gerold, D. Gerling
This paper presents a novel stator design to reduce harmonics in the air-gap flux density of electrical machines with concentrated windings and further to improve the electromagnetic performance. The stator contains magnetic flux barriers in its teeth region to increase the amplitude of the fifth harmonic and is applied for a 12-teeth/10-poles PM machine with a three phase single layer concentrated winding. Compared with the conventional design and a 12-teeth/14-poles PM machine with and without flux barriers the new machine design shows significant improvements concerning the performance, power density and efficiency.
{"title":"Analysis of Different Arrangements of Flux Barriers and Different Pole Pairs in a Stator with Concentrated Winding","authors":"J. Gerold, D. Gerling","doi":"10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8507208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICELMACH.2018.8507208","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a novel stator design to reduce harmonics in the air-gap flux density of electrical machines with concentrated windings and further to improve the electromagnetic performance. The stator contains magnetic flux barriers in its teeth region to increase the amplitude of the fifth harmonic and is applied for a 12-teeth/10-poles PM machine with a three phase single layer concentrated winding. Compared with the conventional design and a 12-teeth/14-poles PM machine with and without flux barriers the new machine design shows significant improvements concerning the performance, power density and efficiency.","PeriodicalId":292261,"journal":{"name":"2018 XIII International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134479803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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