Pub Date : 2002-11-19DOI: 10.1109/SFICON.2002.1159826
J. Pollet
This paper will discuss how the level of hacking has risen in recent years, and some of the existing vulnerability assessments that have been recorded and discussed by several organizations. It will then step through a series of strategies for designing "Rings of Defense" around your corporate networking and SCADA infrastructure. The section on "Developing a SCADA Security Strategy" has been compiled through many sources, and these strategies can be considered as "Best Practices". This paper will then describe specific threats to SCADA Systems and some sample hacking scenarios, and then rank these threats in a security matrix. The following sections after the security matrix describe why security for SCADA systems and control systems are typically overlooked, and what steps should be taken when considering SCADA Security.
{"title":"Developing a solid SCADA security strategy","authors":"J. Pollet","doi":"10.1109/SFICON.2002.1159826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SFICON.2002.1159826","url":null,"abstract":"This paper will discuss how the level of hacking has risen in recent years, and some of the existing vulnerability assessments that have been recorded and discussed by several organizations. It will then step through a series of strategies for designing \"Rings of Defense\" around your corporate networking and SCADA infrastructure. The section on \"Developing a SCADA Security Strategy\" has been compiled through many sources, and these strategies can be considered as \"Best Practices\". This paper will then describe specific threats to SCADA Systems and some sample hacking scenarios, and then rank these threats in a security matrix. The following sections after the security matrix describe why security for SCADA systems and control systems are typically overlooked, and what steps should be taken when considering SCADA Security.","PeriodicalId":294424,"journal":{"name":"2nd ISA/IEEE Sensors for Industry Conference,","volume":"259 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121441667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-11-19DOI: 10.1109/SFICON.2002.1159832
S. M. Perovich, A. Lompar, I. Djurović
The problem of finding the analytical closed form solution to the conductive fluid level is studied in some detail. An original genesis of the analytical closed-form solution to the transcendental conductive fluid level equation is applied, by application of the Special Trans Function Theory (STFT). The numerical results and its graphical representation, obtained for different experimental parameters, confirm validity and base principles of the STFT.
{"title":"The special trans function theory to the fluiconductive fluid level estimation","authors":"S. M. Perovich, A. Lompar, I. Djurović","doi":"10.1109/SFICON.2002.1159832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SFICON.2002.1159832","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of finding the analytical closed form solution to the conductive fluid level is studied in some detail. An original genesis of the analytical closed-form solution to the transcendental conductive fluid level equation is applied, by application of the Special Trans Function Theory (STFT). The numerical results and its graphical representation, obtained for different experimental parameters, confirm validity and base principles of the STFT.","PeriodicalId":294424,"journal":{"name":"2nd ISA/IEEE Sensors for Industry Conference,","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125140454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-11-19DOI: 10.1109/SFICON.2002.1159821
L. Tóth, W. Biter
The goal of this work is to develop inexpensive strain sensors by electrodepositing "strain sensitive" magnetic thin films on polycrystalline copper wires. This paper will discuss the fabrication of the stress sensitive wires. A direct current, galvanostatic electrodeposition process, utilizing an aqueous sulfate-chloride electrolyte, was used to deposit the soft-magnetic, NiFe alloy thin films onto 0.125-mm diameter wires. This current investigation focused on elucidating the deposition parameters required for obtaining suitable NiFe thin films. A photolithographic technique was used for masking the wires and selectively depositing the NiFe films. Electrodeposition parameters were established that yielded extremely fine crystallites that were strain sensitive in the operational load range intended for the sensors.
{"title":"Electrodeposition of magnetic coatings for a magnetoelastic strain sensor","authors":"L. Tóth, W. Biter","doi":"10.1109/SFICON.2002.1159821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SFICON.2002.1159821","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this work is to develop inexpensive strain sensors by electrodepositing \"strain sensitive\" magnetic thin films on polycrystalline copper wires. This paper will discuss the fabrication of the stress sensitive wires. A direct current, galvanostatic electrodeposition process, utilizing an aqueous sulfate-chloride electrolyte, was used to deposit the soft-magnetic, NiFe alloy thin films onto 0.125-mm diameter wires. This current investigation focused on elucidating the deposition parameters required for obtaining suitable NiFe thin films. A photolithographic technique was used for masking the wires and selectively depositing the NiFe films. Electrodeposition parameters were established that yielded extremely fine crystallites that were strain sensitive in the operational load range intended for the sensors.","PeriodicalId":294424,"journal":{"name":"2nd ISA/IEEE Sensors for Industry Conference,","volume":"694 15","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133322506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-11-19DOI: 10.1109/SFICON.2002.1159817
Ke-Jun Xu, Li-Biao Tong, T. Mei
The IEEE 1451 standards define a set of common communication interfaces to standardize the connectivity of sensor to microprocessor, instrumentation systems, and networks. This paper adopts the idea of the IEEE 1451, and develops a networked smart sensor system using an embedded microprocessor system for grippers of robots connecting to Internet, which will meet the needs of remotely monitoring and controlling robots using the embedded Web server technology.
{"title":"A networked smart sensor system for gripper of robots","authors":"Ke-Jun Xu, Li-Biao Tong, T. Mei","doi":"10.1109/SFICON.2002.1159817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SFICON.2002.1159817","url":null,"abstract":"The IEEE 1451 standards define a set of common communication interfaces to standardize the connectivity of sensor to microprocessor, instrumentation systems, and networks. This paper adopts the idea of the IEEE 1451, and develops a networked smart sensor system using an embedded microprocessor system for grippers of robots connecting to Internet, which will meet the needs of remotely monitoring and controlling robots using the embedded Web server technology.","PeriodicalId":294424,"journal":{"name":"2nd ISA/IEEE Sensors for Industry Conference,","volume":"150 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116347414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-11-19DOI: 10.1109/SFICON.2002.1159836
G. Biffi Gentili, G. Avitabile, M. Cerretelli, C. Riminesi, N. Sottani
A microwave sensor designed to determine the complex permittivity of planar materials is proposed. The sensor is implemented using a full planar microstrip technology. The near fields of the ring resonator interact with the material under test (MUT) and the electrical characteristics of the resonator change. A scalar network analyzer is used to measure the resonant frequency and the corresponding amplitude of the transmission parameter for the fundamental mode. The complex permittivity is estimated by inverting the measured parameters using by an algorithm based on Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The proposed sensor is extremely compact and guarantees a good accuracy for low permittivity material. The design procedure is described and experimental results are reported validating the sensor performance.
{"title":"Microwave permittivity measurements through cross-shaped ring sensors","authors":"G. Biffi Gentili, G. Avitabile, M. Cerretelli, C. Riminesi, N. Sottani","doi":"10.1109/SFICON.2002.1159836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SFICON.2002.1159836","url":null,"abstract":"A microwave sensor designed to determine the complex permittivity of planar materials is proposed. The sensor is implemented using a full planar microstrip technology. The near fields of the ring resonator interact with the material under test (MUT) and the electrical characteristics of the resonator change. A scalar network analyzer is used to measure the resonant frequency and the corresponding amplitude of the transmission parameter for the fundamental mode. The complex permittivity is estimated by inverting the measured parameters using by an algorithm based on Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The proposed sensor is extremely compact and guarantees a good accuracy for low permittivity material. The design procedure is described and experimental results are reported validating the sensor performance.","PeriodicalId":294424,"journal":{"name":"2nd ISA/IEEE Sensors for Industry Conference,","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130257752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-11-19DOI: 10.1109/SFICON.2002.1159802
A. Chatterjee, D. Buechler
The feasibility of physically small sensors for localized dielectric measurements have been investigated. A small and a large open-ended coaxial probe was developed for comparison. Complex dielectric measurement results on various liquids showed good agreement between the two probes. The initial investigation of a small coplanar sensor for localized measurements is also discussed.
{"title":"Development of localized sensors for dielectric measurements","authors":"A. Chatterjee, D. Buechler","doi":"10.1109/SFICON.2002.1159802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SFICON.2002.1159802","url":null,"abstract":"The feasibility of physically small sensors for localized dielectric measurements have been investigated. A small and a large open-ended coaxial probe was developed for comparison. Complex dielectric measurement results on various liquids showed good agreement between the two probes. The initial investigation of a small coplanar sensor for localized measurements is also discussed.","PeriodicalId":294424,"journal":{"name":"2nd ISA/IEEE Sensors for Industry Conference,","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123924869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-11-19DOI: 10.1109/SFICON.2002.1159799
J. Tieman, J. Schmalzel, R. Krchnavek
Accelerometers are used for a number of physical measurements in aerospace, defense, automotive, household appliances, instrumentation, transport, material handling, etc. Recently micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) technologies have been used to manufacture accelerometers. MEMS sensors include transducer elements and the necessary signal conditioning electronics integrated together on a single integrated circuit (IC). This paper describes the design of a low-cost, compact MEMS-based smart sensor system for 3-axis acceleration measurement using only commercial off the shelf (COTS) components.
{"title":"Design of a MEMS-based, 3-axis accelerometer smart sensor","authors":"J. Tieman, J. Schmalzel, R. Krchnavek","doi":"10.1109/SFICON.2002.1159799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SFICON.2002.1159799","url":null,"abstract":"Accelerometers are used for a number of physical measurements in aerospace, defense, automotive, household appliances, instrumentation, transport, material handling, etc. Recently micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) technologies have been used to manufacture accelerometers. MEMS sensors include transducer elements and the necessary signal conditioning electronics integrated together on a single integrated circuit (IC). This paper describes the design of a low-cost, compact MEMS-based smart sensor system for 3-axis acceleration measurement using only commercial off the shelf (COTS) components.","PeriodicalId":294424,"journal":{"name":"2nd ISA/IEEE Sensors for Industry Conference,","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114572853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-11-19DOI: 10.1109/SFICON.2002.1159824
Dongki Min, J. Jeon
The admittance of one-port electrostatic actuator are modeled using the steady-state sinusoidal response. Also the admittance of the differential type actuator is derived taking the practical conditions into consideration, although it has no admittance in ideal case. It is shown as a function of biasing error, driving error, and capacitive mismatch including parasitic capacitors. The validity of the admittance model is proved by comparing between the admittance model and the measured data. At the end, the distortion in the frequency response curve measured by a capacitive sensor is analyzed and it is concluded that the admittance of the actuator is the main cause of this distortion.
{"title":"Analysis of the frequency response curve of a differential-type electrostatic actuator","authors":"Dongki Min, J. Jeon","doi":"10.1109/SFICON.2002.1159824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SFICON.2002.1159824","url":null,"abstract":"The admittance of one-port electrostatic actuator are modeled using the steady-state sinusoidal response. Also the admittance of the differential type actuator is derived taking the practical conditions into consideration, although it has no admittance in ideal case. It is shown as a function of biasing error, driving error, and capacitive mismatch including parasitic capacitors. The validity of the admittance model is proved by comparing between the admittance model and the measured data. At the end, the distortion in the frequency response curve measured by a capacitive sensor is analyzed and it is concluded that the admittance of the actuator is the main cause of this distortion.","PeriodicalId":294424,"journal":{"name":"2nd ISA/IEEE Sensors for Industry Conference,","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122388488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-11-19DOI: 10.1109/SFICON.2002.1159828
P. Ferrari, A. Flammini, D. Marioli, E. Sisinni, A. Taroni
This paper deals with Web sensors that offer data structures and access features as described in the IEEE1451 standard, while give a Internet interface through an HTTP-based protocol, that has been inspired by IEEE1451.2 Transducer Independent Interface (TII). A two level software architecture that reduces Web-sensor structural complexity and leaves format and presentation concerns to the client side program, is introduced A self-configuring Java application for client side is then proposed with particular attention to minimize sensor overhead. Finally, a working experiment has been realized and some tests have been carried out to evaluate performances of the proposed Java interface architecture.
{"title":"A low-cost smart sensor with Java interface","authors":"P. Ferrari, A. Flammini, D. Marioli, E. Sisinni, A. Taroni","doi":"10.1109/SFICON.2002.1159828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SFICON.2002.1159828","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with Web sensors that offer data structures and access features as described in the IEEE1451 standard, while give a Internet interface through an HTTP-based protocol, that has been inspired by IEEE1451.2 Transducer Independent Interface (TII). A two level software architecture that reduces Web-sensor structural complexity and leaves format and presentation concerns to the client side program, is introduced A self-configuring Java application for client side is then proposed with particular attention to minimize sensor overhead. Finally, a working experiment has been realized and some tests have been carried out to evaluate performances of the proposed Java interface architecture.","PeriodicalId":294424,"journal":{"name":"2nd ISA/IEEE Sensors for Industry Conference,","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122593595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-11-19DOI: 10.1109/SFICON.2002.1159801
G. Biffi Gentili, G. Avitabile, C. Riminesi, N. Sottani, V. Tesi
A linear array of microwave sensors for moisture content mapping in thin or thick material sheets is introduced. The array building block is represented by a straight microstrip line electromagnetically coupled to a resonant slot structure properly loaded by two PIN diodes. Each array element constitutes a single slot sensor interacting with the material under test by means of the fields radiated through the slot. When the diodes are in the ON state, each sensor and, thus, the whole array, acts like a low loss transmission line. Otherwise, when the diodes are in the OFF state, the slots are allowed to resonate. Switching the array elements one at a time, the array electronically scans the specimen under test.
{"title":"Microwave system for moisture mapping by a linear array of slot sensors","authors":"G. Biffi Gentili, G. Avitabile, C. Riminesi, N. Sottani, V. Tesi","doi":"10.1109/SFICON.2002.1159801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SFICON.2002.1159801","url":null,"abstract":"A linear array of microwave sensors for moisture content mapping in thin or thick material sheets is introduced. The array building block is represented by a straight microstrip line electromagnetically coupled to a resonant slot structure properly loaded by two PIN diodes. Each array element constitutes a single slot sensor interacting with the material under test by means of the fields radiated through the slot. When the diodes are in the ON state, each sensor and, thus, the whole array, acts like a low loss transmission line. Otherwise, when the diodes are in the OFF state, the slots are allowed to resonate. Switching the array elements one at a time, the array electronically scans the specimen under test.","PeriodicalId":294424,"journal":{"name":"2nd ISA/IEEE Sensors for Industry Conference,","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126381520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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