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Tongue-Operated Biosignal over EEG and Processing with Decision Tree and kNN 基于脑电的舌控生物信号及其决策树和kNN处理
Pub Date : 2021-01-29 DOI: 10.21541/APJES.583049
Kutlucan Görür, M. R. Bozkurt, M. S. Başçil, Feyzullah Temurtaş
Tongue-machine interface (TMI) is a feasible way between the assistive technologies and paralyzed individuals who have lost their abilities to communicate with the environment. Researchers have presented equipment based tongue-machine interfaces to reach a reliable and speedy system. However, this kind of interfaces may occur a way of obtrusive, unattractive and unhygienic for disabled persons. In this research, we intended to propose a natural, unobtrusive and robust glossokinetic potential signals (GKP) based TMI exploring the success of the novel machine learning algorithms. The tongue is bound up with cranial nerves to the brain, which can escape from the spinal cord injuries in general. Moreover, the tongue has highly capable of sophisticated manipulation tasks with less perceived exertion in the oral cavity and gives degrees of privacy. In this study, ten naive healthy subjects have attended who were between 22-34 ages. Decision Tree (DT) and k-Nearest Neighbors (kNN) algorithms were used with Mean-Absolute Value (MAV) and Power Spectral Density (PSD) methods. Moreover, Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) was implemented to reveal the theta and delta subbands. In the study, the highest value was provided as 96.77% by the k-Nearest Neighbor algorithm for the best participant. Furthermore, the GKP-based TMI may be an alternative system for the limitations of the brain-computer interfaces. It is well-known that EEG deficits are major concerns for brain-computer interfaces.
舌机接口(TMI)是辅助技术与失去与环境沟通能力的残疾人之间的一种可行途径。研究人员提出了基于舌机接口的设备,以实现可靠和快速的系统。然而,这种界面可能会以一种突兀、不美观和不卫生的方式出现。在这项研究中,我们打算提出一种自然、不显眼、鲁棒的基于舌动电位信号(GKP)的TMI,探索新型机器学习算法的成功。舌头与脑神经相连,脑神经可以从脊髓损伤中逃脱。此外,舌头有很强的能力来完成复杂的操作任务,在口腔中感觉不到费力,并且有一定程度的隐私。本研究选取了10名年龄在22-34岁之间的健康受试者。决策树(DT)和k近邻(kNN)算法与均值绝对值(MAV)和功率谱密度(PSD)方法相结合。此外,采用离散小波变换(DWT)来揭示theta和delta子带。在本研究中,k-最近邻算法对最佳参与者提供的最高值为96.77%。此外,基于gkp的TMI可能是脑机接口限制的替代系统。众所周知,脑电缺陷是脑机接口的主要问题。
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引用次数: 2
The Effects of Photometric Flicker on Human and Their Non-Medical Detection Methods 光度闪烁对人体的影响及其非医学检测方法
Pub Date : 2021-01-29 DOI: 10.21541/APJES.833114
C. Yavuz, C. A. Tırmıkçı
Photometric Flicker event, in other words, Temporal Light Modulation occurs at both visually noticeable and unnoticeable levels by human beings. In spite of this, the human brain and body experience some discomfort as a result of the direct or triggering effects of this event or the existing ailments increase. Photometric Flicker event occurs in a wide frequency band. Especially at low frequencies, due to the disease, seizure, disease progression, or headache, visual impairment may directly affect human biology negatively. The diseases most associated with the photometric Flicker event emerged as epilepsy, migraine and vertigo. In addition, unreasonable headache, poor performance in work, loss and errors of perception are frequently reported in the literature. When making lighting design, low and high risk groups should be determined in terms of both users and light sources, and projects should be made in this context. Various methods that do not require medical and / or laboratory research can be used to determine the level of exposure to the Flicker event. In this study, while examining the biological effects of Photometric Flicker, both the methods to easily determine these effects and their levels and what should be done to prevent the users from being adversely affected have been revealed. C YAVUZ Academic Platform Journal of Engineering and Science 9-1, 223-228, 2021 224
光度闪烁事件,换句话说,时间光调制发生在视觉上明显和不明显的人类水平。尽管如此,由于这一事件的直接或触发影响或现有疾病的增加,人类的大脑和身体会感到一些不适。光度闪烁事件发生在较宽的频带内。特别是在低频率下,由于疾病、癫痫发作、疾病进展或头痛,视觉损害可能直接对人类生物学产生负面影响。与光度闪烁事件最相关的疾病包括癫痫、偏头痛和眩晕。此外,不合理的头痛,工作表现不佳,丢失和错误的感知也经常在文献中报道。在进行照明设计时,应从使用者和光源两方面确定低、高风险人群,并在此背景下进行工程设计。可以使用各种不需要医学和/或实验室研究的方法来确定暴露于闪烁事件的水平。本研究在考察光度闪烁的生物学效应的同时,揭示了容易确定这些效应的方法及其水平,以及应该采取哪些措施来防止用户受到不利影响。[2] [j] .贵州理工大学学报(自然科学版),2016,23- 23,2023
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引用次数: 0
Effect of the Oscillator Length on the Characteristics of a Feedback Type Fluidic Oscillator 振荡器长度对反馈型流体振荡器特性的影响
Pub Date : 2020-09-30 DOI: 10.21541/apjes.583500
Mehmet N. Tomac
This work characterizes the various length fluidic oscillators with constant depth and having the same main geometric dimensions. A change in fluidic oscillator's length affects the frequency and sweeping characteristics of the fluidic oscillators. These characteristics were extracted by means of constant temperature anemometry hot-wire measurements and water flow visualizations. A total number of ten fluidic oscillators were compared to the baseline fluidic oscillator design. It was observed that shortening the fluidic oscillator ceases the oscillations after a threshold oscillator length whereas elongating the fluidic oscillator decreases the frequency and sweep angle gradually. Furthermore, the frequency maps obtained from hot-wire measurements for each considered fluidic oscillator design provided overall detail about the frequency of the oscillations for a wide range of flow rate. For a constant supply flow rate where the frequency and the sweep angle of an oscillator is constant, changing the length of a fluidic oscillator will allow varying these characteristics of the oscillator. Thus the oscillator can be tailored for a specific need of an application.
本文研究了具有恒定深度和相同主几何尺寸的不同长度的流体振荡器。射流振子长度的变化会影响射流振子的频率和扫频特性。这些特征是通过恒温风速测量、热线测量和水流可视化来提取的。总共有10个流体振荡器与基线流体振荡器设计进行了比较。研究发现,在达到阈值振荡长度后,缩短流体振荡器会使振荡停止,而延长流体振荡器则会使频率和扫角逐渐降低。此外,从热线测量得到的频率图为每个考虑的流体振荡器设计提供了在大流量范围内振荡频率的总体细节。对于恒定的供应流量,其中振荡器的频率和扫角是恒定的,改变流体振荡器的长度将允许改变振荡器的这些特性。因此,振荡器可以根据应用的特定需要进行定制。
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引用次数: 3
Yapım Firmalarının Kurumsal Risk Yönetimi Olgunluğunda Risk Yöneticisinin Rolü
Pub Date : 2020-09-30 DOI: 10.21541/apjes.579463
Tugce Ercan, Kübra Ari
Addressing the risk management process with a holistic approach, enterprise risk management (ERM) enables efficient business processes to be carried out. Achieving success in time, cost and quality factors for complex projects in the constantly evolving construction industry requires systematic and holistic management approaches. In the management process of the construction projects, managing the possible risks from a holistic perspective is critical to the success and efficiency of the construction projects. However, in the companies operating in the construction sector, the transition steps from project-level risk management to corporate risk management have just begun and the level of maturity has not yet been reached. In this context, the main purpose of this study is to reveal the effect of the existence of the risk manager and corporate risk managament structuring on the corporate risk management maturity level of the construction companies. For this purpose, six main factors (stability of the board and senior management, having corporate risk management, risk identification, analysis and response, integrating corporate risk management into business processes, setting targets, and sufficient resources) are obtained as a result of a comprehensive literature review and a survey field study was organized. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and ANOVA analysis methods. As a result of the study carried out, the effect of the presence of the risk manager on the maturity level of corporate risk management in the construction companies and the impact and importance levels of the basic factors on the maturity of ERM were determined and compared. This study shed light on future studies to be done by examining the conceptual framework regarding ERM maturity levels in production companies.
企业风险管理(ERM)采用全面的方法处理风险管理过程,使有效的业务流程得以实施。在不断发展的建筑行业中,复杂项目要在时间、成本和质量因素方面取得成功,需要系统和全面的管理方法。在建设项目的管理过程中,从整体的角度对可能出现的风险进行管理,是建设项目成功和高效的关键。然而,在从事建筑行业的公司中,从项目级风险管理到企业级风险管理的过渡阶段才刚刚开始,尚未达到成熟的水平。在此背景下,本研究的主要目的是揭示风险管理者的存在和企业风险管理结构对建筑企业风险管理成熟度水平的影响。为此,通过全面查阅文献,组织实地调查研究,得出六大主要因素(董事会和高管的稳定性、公司风险管理、风险识别、分析和应对、将公司风险管理纳入业务流程、目标设定、资源充足)。采用描述性统计和方差分析方法对资料进行分析。通过研究,确定并比较了风险管理者的存在对建筑企业风险管理成熟度水平的影响,以及各基本因素对ERM成熟度的影响程度和重要程度。本研究通过考察生产型公司ERM成熟度水平的概念框架,为未来的研究提供了线索。
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引用次数: 0
LTE Ağlarda Remote-Host ile PG-W arasındaki Kuyruk Yönetim Algoritmalarının Performans Analizi
Pub Date : 2020-09-30 DOI: 10.21541/apjes.662677
Muhammet Çakmak, Zafer Albayrak
Mobil iletisiminin hizli gelismesiyle internet iceriginin cogu gunumuzde hucresel aglar ile saglanmaktadir. Hucresel aglarda yasanan tikaniklik sirasinda kullanilan algoritmalar paket gecikmesi, kuyruk tasmasi ve darbogaz problemlerini cozmeye calismaktadirlar. LTE aglarinda remote-host ile PG-W dugumu arasindaki veri transferi yuksek hiz gerektirmekte bu da hucresel agin calisma hizini dogrudan etkilemektedir. Dogru bir kuyruk yonetim algoritmasinin secilmesi LTE hucresel agi icin kritik bir onem kazanmaktadir. Bu calismada LTE aglarinda remote-host ile PG-W arasinda calisan aktif kuyruk yonetim algoritmalari olan RED, CoDel, Pie ve pFIFO’nun performanslarinin, uctan uca ortalama verim, gecikme ve paket dusurme oranlari uzerindeki etkisi karsilastirmali olarak incelenmistir ve sonuclari degerlendirilmistir.
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引用次数: 2
Armut (Pirus communis L.) Posasının Bazı Kalite Değerleri Açısından Uygun Kurutma Sıcaklığının Belirlenmesi
Pub Date : 2020-09-14 DOI: 10.21541/APJES.525655
Hakan Polatcı, Muhammed Taşova, Onur Saraçoğlu
Meyve posalari icerdigi besin degerlerinden dolayi, gubre olarak kullaniminin yaninda hayvan yemi olarak da kullanimi cok yaygindir. Kusburnu, portakal, havuc, turp gibi bircok meyve sebze atiklari posa olarak degerlendirilmektedir. Calismada kapsaminda, kabin tip bir kurutucu ile 60, 65 ve 70 °C sicaklik degerlerinde kurutularak, armut posasinin ortalama kuruma sureleri, renk, asitlik (pH), suda cozunebilir kuru madde (SCKM) ve titrede edilebilir asitlik (T.A.) degerleri belirlenmistir. Urun, kurutma havasi sicakliklarinda yas baza (y.b.) gore % 10-13 nem seviyelerine kadar kurutulmustur. Sicaklik degerlerine gore ortalama kuruma sureleri sirasiyla; 24, 21 ve 12 saat olarak tespit edilmistir. Kurutma islemi esnasinda uzaklasan nem oranlari kurutma esitliklerinde islenerek egrileri olusturulmus ve en iyi tahmin eden modelin Midilli-Kucuk oldugu belirlenmistir. Kurutulan urunlere ait olculen renk degerleri tazeye gore kiyaslanarak istatistiki acidan en uygun kurutma havasi sicakligi belirlenmistir. Hesaplanarak belirlenen renk kriterlerinden olan, kroma degerleri tazeye gore kiyaslandiginda en uygun deger 65 °C kurutma sicakliginda belirlenmistir. Kurutulan urunlerin pomolojik ozellikleri hakkinda onemli bilgiler veren pH, SCKM, ve T.A. ozelliklerine ait en yuksek ve en dusuk ortalama degerler ise sirasiyla; 3.65-3.44, 2.70-2.33, 1.68-1.10 olarak belirlenmistir.
由于果肉的营养价值,它被广泛用作动物饲料和肥料。许多水果和蔬菜废料,如玫瑰果、橘子、胡萝卜、萝卜等都被用作果肉。在这项研究中,通过在柜式干燥机中以 60、65 和 70 °C 的温度进行干燥,测定了梨果肉的平均干燥时间、颜色、酸度(pH 值)、水溶性干物质(WDSM)和可滴定酸度(T.A.)值。根据湿基(湿基),产品在干燥空气温度下干燥至 10-13% 的水分水平。根据温度值确定的平均干燥时间分别为 24、21 和 12 小时。干燥过程中去除的水分含量在干燥方程中进行了处理,并形成了曲线,确定最佳预测模型为 Midilli-Kucuk 模型。将干燥产品的色值与新鲜产品进行比较,并通过统计确定了最合适的干燥空气温度。色度值是通过计算确定的颜色标准之一,在将色度值与新鲜色度值进行比较时,确定最合适的色度值为 65 °C 的烘干温度。pH 值、SCKM 值和 T.A. 特性的最高和最低平均值分别为 3.65-3.44、2.70-2.33、1.68-1.10。
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引用次数: 3
Ortoper Bulanık Kümelerle Bir Karar Verme Yaklaşımı: Ortoper Bulanık TOPSIS Metodu
Pub Date : 2020-09-08 DOI: 10.21541/apjes.619339
Elif Doğu
Medical decision-making has recently become a crucial research area due to its outputs related to the continuity of human life. Since the physicians used to employ statistical tools for a number of years, constructing a multi-attribute decision framework is quite difficult. In general, fuzzy decision aid systems provide flexibility to the physicians enabling them to express their opinions using linguistic variables. Moreover, orthopair fuzzy numbers allows the decision makers to represent their hesitations while providing linguistic data in both uncertain and hesitant environment. This paper proposes orthopair fuzzy TOPSIS (OFTOPSIS) methodology in order to rank the length of hospital stay of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients, who admitted to a chest diseases hospital with an acute exacerbation. The proposed method provides maximum flexibility to the physicians for expressing their hesitations to the system modelers, while assessing patients’ status according to pre-determined attributes. The novelty of this paper is to develop OFTOPSIS methodology, and conduct a case study in medical area to demonstrate the robustness of the proposed decision-making framework. The actual ranking and the ranking determined by OFTOPSIS method are compared by Spearman rank correlation coefficient to conclude whether there is a positive relationship between the ranking results.
近年来,医疗决策已成为一个重要的研究领域,因为它的产出关系到人类生命的连续性。由于医生多年来一直使用统计工具,因此构建多属性决策框架是相当困难的。一般来说,模糊决策辅助系统为医生提供了灵活性,使他们能够使用语言变量表达自己的意见。此外,正形模糊数在提供不确定和犹豫环境下的语言数据的同时,使决策者能够表达他们的犹豫。本文提出一种骨科模糊TOPSIS (OFTOPSIS)方法,对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者急性加重住院时间进行排序。该方法为医生向系统建模者表达他们的犹豫提供了最大的灵活性,同时根据预先确定的属性评估患者的状态。本文的新颖之处在于发展OFTOPSIS方法,并在医疗领域进行案例研究,以证明所提出的决策框架的鲁棒性。将实际排名与OFTOPSIS法确定的排名通过Spearman排名相关系数进行比较,判断排名结果之间是否存在正相关关系。
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引用次数: 0
R22 ve alternatifleri R438A ile R417A soğutucu akışkanları için kızılötesi görüntü işleme teknikleri kullanarak, soğutma sistem performansının incelenmesi
Pub Date : 2020-07-07 DOI: 10.21541/apjes.726624
F. Katırcıoğlu, Zafer Cingiz, Yusuf Çay, Ali Gürel, Suat Saridemi̇r, A. Kolip
Gunumuzde cesitli protokoller ile halojenik kloroflorokarbon (CFC) ve hidrokloroflorokarbon (HCFC) sogutucu akiskanlarinin ilerleyen zamanlarda kullanilmayacagi ve bu akiskanlara cesitli alternatiflerin olusturulmasi gerektigi gozlemlenmistir. Geleneksel sogutma etkinlik katsayisi (COP) hesaplama yonteminde, termodinamik ozellik tablolari ve basinc-entalpi diyagramlari kullanilmaktadir. Onerilen yontem sayesinde, COP hesaplanirken, bu tablo ve diyagramlarin kullanilmasina gerek duyulmayacaktir. Kizilotesi goruntuleme sistemi ile belirtilen bolgelerden goruntu alinmasi yeterli olacaktir. Bu calismada, R22 akiskanina alternatif olan, ozon tabakasina dost R417A ve R438A akiskanlarinin ticari sogutma sistemlerine yonelik performans analizi yapilmistir. CFC gazlarin tuketiminin yasaklanmasi ile birlikte gelinen surecte ozon tabakasina zarar veren diger bir gaz grubu olan HCFC gazlarin da kullanimi once sinirlandirilmis ardindan tamamen yasaklanmistir. Bu gazlardan en cok kullanilani R22 gazidir. Referans R22 gazi ile R438A ve R417A gazlarinin performanslari kizilotesi goruntu analizi ile gerceklestirmek icin bolgesel oz nitelik veri elde edinimi ile COP olmak uzere iki yontem onerilmistir. Ayrica gerceklestirilen iki ara yuz uzerinde, kizilotesi goruntulerden elde edilen buyuklukler, grafiksel ve sayisal olarak karsilastirilmaktadir. Elde edilen sayisal ve gorsel uygulama sonuclarina gore, R22 gazina en yakin performansi R438A gostermistir. Geleneksel hesaplamali performans testlerine gore, uygulanan sistemin kullanim kolayligi, uzaktan olcum ve es zamanli kayit alma noktasinda daha avantajli oldugunu gostermistir.
据观察,在各种协议中,卤代氯氟化碳(CFC)和氯氟烃(HCFC)制冷剂今后将不再使用,因此需要创造这些制冷剂的各种替代品。在传统的冷却效率系数(COP)计算方法中,使用的是热力学特性表和压力-焓图。采用拟议的方法,在计算 COP 时无需使用这些表格和图表。只需使用红外成像系统拍摄指定区域的图像即可。在这项研究中,我们对商用冷却系统使用的 R417A 和 R438A 溶剂(R22 溶剂的替代品)进行了臭氧友好型性能分析。随着氟氯化碳气体消费的禁止,另一种破坏臭氧层的气体--氟氯烃气体的使用先是受到限制,然后被完全禁止。这些气体中最常用的是 R22 气体。为了利用红外图像分析实现参考 R22 气体、R438A 和 R417A 气体的性能,提出了两种方法,即区域特定质量数据采集和 COP。此外,还在两个界面上对从红外图像中获得的量值进行了图形和数值比较。根据所获得的数值和视觉应用结果,R438A 的性能最接近 R22 气体。与传统的计算性能测试相比,该系统在易用性、远程测量和同步记录方面更具优势。
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引用次数: 1
Betonarme Binaların Güçlendirilmesinde Uygun Merkezi Çelik Çapraz Yerleşiminin Belirlenmesi
Pub Date : 2020-05-31 DOI: 10.21541/apjes.572750
E. Aydin, Elif Boru
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引用次数: 1
An Investigation of the Deformation Patterns Due to the High-Speed Micro-Laser Drilling Process for Ti-6Al-4V Used in Aerospace Applications 航空航天用Ti-6Al-4V高速微激光钻孔变形模式研究
Pub Date : 2020-05-26 DOI: 10.21541/apjes.576629
A. Çelebi, H. Tosun, Ali Çağlar Önçağ
Hibrit Laminer Akis Kontrolu (HLFC), sivil jet tasimaciligi ucaklarinin yakit tuketimini azaltmak icin havacilik endustrisindeki en onemli teknolojilerden biridir. Sinir tabaka emisinin neden oldugu surtunmeyi azaltmak icin ucak kanatlarinin ve kuyruk duzlemlerinin on kenarlarinda kucuk deliklere ihtiyac vardir. Bu kucuk deliklerin Ti-6Al-4V alasimlarina uygulanmasi icin cok fazla calismalar yapilmistir. Mikro lazer delme islemi uygulandiginda, delinmis deliklerin yakinligina bagli olarak bazi problemler ortaya cikmaktadir. Ek olarak, genis alanlara cok sayida delik acarken isil bozulmanin en aza indirilmesi daha da zorlasmaktadir. Bu arastirmanin amaci, mikro lazer delme isleminden kaynaklanan deformasyonu degerlendirmek ve en aza indirmek icin etkili bir dizi calismalar gelistirmektir. Bu calisma kapsaminda galvo tarayiciya sahip 50 W guc darbeli Ytterbium fiber lazer kullanilmistir. Her mikro delme islemi icin atilan lazerler arasi bekleme suresinin arttirilmasi, numunelerin her iki tarafinda agirlik kullaniminin ve delinmis numunelerin deformasyonu uzerine azot sogutmanin etkileri incelenmistir. Delme isleminden once ve sonra ornekler, entegre bir 3D lazer tarayicisina sahip 6 eksenli bir kol CMM ile taranmistir. PC-DMIS yazilimi kullanilarak deformasyon egrileri elde edilmistir. Sonuc olarak, bekleme suresi arttikca numunelerde daha az deformasyon gozlenmistir. Ek olarak, surece azot gazi eklenmesi deformasyon minimuma indirgeme cabalarini olumlu yonde etkilemistir.
混合层流控制(HLFC)是航空工业中减少民用喷气运输机燃料消耗的最重要技术之一。为了减少边界层吸力造成的阻力,需要在飞机机翼和尾翼的前缘开小孔。在 Ti-6Al-4V 合金上应用这些小孔方面已经做了大量工作。在使用微型激光钻孔时,由于钻孔距离较近,会产生一些问题。此外,在大面积钻大量孔时,最大限度地减少热变形变得更加困难。这项研究的目的是开发一套有效的程序,用于评估和尽量减少微型激光钻孔造成的变形。本研究使用了 50 W 脉冲镱光纤激光器和 Galvo 扫描仪。研究了增加每次微钻孔操作脉冲之间的停留时间、在样品两侧使用砝码和氮气冷却对钻孔样品变形的影响。在钻孔前后,使用集成了三维激光扫描仪的六轴臂坐标测量机对样品进行扫描。使用 PC-DMIS 软件获得了变形曲线。结果表明,随着停留时间的增加,试样的变形量减少。此外,在加工过程中加入氮气对尽量减少变形也有积极作用。
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引用次数: 0
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Academic Platform Journal of Engineering and Science
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