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Design and Modification of COVID-19 Case Investigation and Contact Tracing Interview Scripts Used by Health Departments Throughout the COVID-19 Pandemic. 卫生部门在整个 COVID-19 大流行期间使用的 COVID-19 病例调查和接触者追踪访谈脚本的设计和修改。
Pub Date : 2024-04-10 DOI: 10.1097/PHH.0000000000001875
Cara Orfield, Penny S. Loosier, Sarah Wagner, E. R. Sabin, Michelle Fiscus, Holly Matulewicz, Divya Vohra, Colleen Staatz, Melanie M Taylor, Elise C Caruso, Nick DeLuca, P. Moonan, J. Oeltmann, Phoebe Thorpe
OBJECTIVESWe sought to (1) document how health departments (HDs) developed COVID-19 case investigation and contact tracing (CI/CT) interview scripts and the topics covered, and (2) understand how and why HDs modified those scripts.DESIGNQualitative analysis of CI/CT interview scripts and in-depth key informant interviews with public health officials in 14 HDs. Collected scripts represent 3 distinct points (initial, the majority of which were time stamped May 2020; interim, spanning from September 2020 to August 2021; and current, as of April 2022).SETTINGFourteen state, local, and tribal health jurisdictions and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).PARTICIPANTSThirty-six public health officials involved in leading CI/CT from 14 state, local, and tribal health jurisdictions (6 states, 3 cities, 4 counties, and 1 tribal area).MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREInterview script elements included in CI/CT interview scripts over time.RESULTSMany COVID-19 CI/CT scripts were developed by modifying questions from scripts used for other communicable diseases. Early in the pandemic, scripts included guidance on isolation/quarantine and discussed symptoms of COVID-19. As the pandemic evolved, the length of scripts increased substantially, with significant additions on contact elicitation, vaccinations, isolation/quarantine recommendations, and testing. Drivers of script changes included changes in our understanding of how the virus spreads, risk factors and symptoms, new treatments, new variants, vaccine development, and adjustments to CDC's official isolation and quarantine guidance.CONCLUSIONSOur findings offer suggestions about components to include in future CI/CT efforts, including educating members of the public about the disease and its symptoms, offering mitigation guidance, and providing sufficient support and resources to help people act on that guidance. Assessing the correlation between script length and number of completed interviews or other quality and performance measures could be an area for future study.
我们试图:(1)记录卫生部门(HDs)如何制定 COVID-19 病例调查和接触者追踪(CI/CT)访谈脚本以及所涵盖的主题;(2)了解卫生部门如何以及为何修改这些脚本。设计对 CI/CT 访谈脚本进行定性分析,并对 14 个卫生部门的公共卫生官员进行深入的关键信息提供者访谈。收集到的脚本代表了 3 个不同的时间点(初始时间,其中大部分的时间戳为 2020 年 5 月;中期时间,跨度为 2020 年 9 月至 2021 年 8 月;当前时间,截至 2022 年 4 月)。参与者来自 14 个州、地方和部落卫生辖区(6 个州、3 个市、4 个县和 1 个部落地区)的 36 名参与领导 CI/CT 的公共卫生官员。主要结果测量随着时间的推移,CI/CT 访谈脚本中包含的访谈脚本要素。在大流行早期,脚本包括隔离/检疫指导,并讨论了 COVID-19 的症状。随着大流行的发展,脚本的长度大幅增加,其中大量增加了关于接触诱导、疫苗接种、隔离/检疫建议和检测的内容。脚本变化的驱动因素包括我们对病毒传播方式、风险因素和症状、新疗法、新变种、疫苗开发以及疾病预防控制中心官方隔离和检疫指南调整的理解发生了变化。评估脚本长度与完成访谈次数或其他质量和绩效衡量标准之间的相关性可能是未来研究的一个领域。
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引用次数: 0
What It Really Takes to Succeed: Practical Tips for Maternal Health Collaboration. 成功真正需要什么?孕产妇健康合作实用技巧》。
Pub Date : 2024-04-10 DOI: 10.1097/PHH.0000000000001936
Piia Hanson, Kimberly Sherman
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引用次数: 0
Implementation and Evaluation of a Large Community-Based Colorectal Cancer Screening Program. 大型社区大肠癌筛查计划的实施与评估。
Pub Date : 2024-04-10 DOI: 10.1097/PHH.0000000000001864
Navkiran K. Shokar, Jessica Calderón-Mora, Rebekah A. Salaiz, N. Casner, Marc J Zuckerman, Theresa L Byrd, Gurjeet S. Shokar, Alok Dwivedi
CONTEXTColorectal cancer (CRC) screening can significantly reduce incidence and mortality; however, screening rates are suboptimal. The lowest rates are among those with no usual source of care and the uninsured.OBJECTIVEWe describe the implementation and evaluation of a community-based CRC screening program from 2012 to 2015 designed to increase screening within a predominantly Hispanic US-Mexico border population.METHODSThe multicomponent, evidence-based program provided in-person, bilingual, culturally tailored health education facilitated by community health workers, no-cost primarily stool-based testing and diagnostic colonoscopy, and navigation. We recruited uninsured individuals due for CRC screening from clinics and community sites. An extensive qualitative and quantitative program process and outcome evaluation was conducted.RESULTSIn total, 20 118 individuals were approached, 8361 were eligible for screening; 74.8% completed screening and 74.6% completed diagnostic testing; 14 cancers were diagnosed. The mean age of participants was 56.8 years, and the majority were Hispanic, female, and of low socioeconomic status. The process evaluation gathered information that enabled effective program implementation and demonstrated effective staff training, compliance with processes, and high patient satisfaction.CONCLUSIONSThis program used a population-based approach focusing on uninsured individuals and proved successful at achieving high fecal immunochemical test kit return rates and colonoscopy completion rates. Key factors related to its success included tailoring the intervention to our priority population, strong partnerships with community-based sites and clinics, expertise in clinical CRC screening, and an active community advisory board. This program can serve as a model for similar populations along the border to increase CRC screening rates among the underserved.
CONTEXTC 大肠癌(CRC)筛查可显著降低发病率和死亡率;然而,筛查率并不理想。目的我们描述了一项基于社区的 CRC 筛查项目在 2012 年至 2015 年间的实施和评估情况,该项目旨在提高以西班牙裔为主的美墨边境人群的筛查率。方法这项多成分循证项目由社区卫生工作者提供面对面、双语、符合当地文化的健康教育,主要是免费的粪便检测和诊断性结肠镜检查以及导航。我们从诊所和社区站点招募应接受 CRC 筛查的未参保人员。结果共接触了 20 118 人,其中 8361 人符合筛查条件;74.8% 的人完成了筛查,74.6% 的人完成了诊断检测;确诊了 14 例癌症。参与者的平均年龄为 56.8 岁,大多数为西班牙裔、女性和社会经济地位较低的人。过程评估收集的信息有助于项目的有效实施,并证明了员工培训的有效性、流程的合规性和患者的高满意度。结论:该项目采用基于人群的方法,重点关注未参保的个人,并成功实现了较高的粪便免疫化学检验试剂盒返还率和结肠镜检查完成率。其成功的关键因素包括:针对我们的重点人群定制干预措施、与社区站点和诊所建立牢固的合作关系、临床 CRC 筛查方面的专业知识以及活跃的社区咨询委员会。该计划可作为边境地区类似人群的典范,以提高服务不足人群的 CRC 筛查率。
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引用次数: 0
Helping Health Agencies Adopt the FDA's Updated Food Code. 帮助卫生机构采用食品和药物管理局的最新食品法规。
Pub Date : 2024-04-10 DOI: 10.1097/PHH.0000000000001933
Heather Tomlinson, Courtney Youngbar, Marcus Plescia
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引用次数: 0
Sharing Power to Improve Population Health: Participatory Budgeting and Policy Making. 分享权力改善人口健康:参与式预算和政策制定。
Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1097/PHH.0000000000001484
Benjii Bryan Bittle
In Pierce County, Washington, 6 Communities of Focus face tough health disparities. To engage members of communities that have been marginalized for generations, Tacoma-Pierce County Health Department piloted participatory budgeting. Through this 5-step process, the health department and its partners make investments significant enough to bring community members to the table, codesign solutions, and put the final decision-making power to fund programs and services in their hands. Sharing power through this process is an innovative approach and has been adapted during the COVID-19 pandemic to build trust essential to resilience and recovery. After a series of successful projects bringing participatory budgeting to scale, the Public Health Centers for Excellence is piloting participatory policy making and disseminating both practices broadly.
在华盛顿州皮尔斯县,6个重点社区面临着严峻的健康差距。为了让世代被边缘化的社区成员参与进来,塔科马-皮尔斯县卫生局试行了参与式预算。通过这五步流程,卫生部门及其合作伙伴进行了足够大的投资,让社区成员坐到桌前,共同设计解决方案,并将资助项目和服务的最终决策权交到他们手中。通过这一过程分享权力是一种创新方法,在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间得到了调整,以建立对复原力和恢复至关重要的信任。在一系列成功的项目将参与式预算扩大到规模之后,公共卫生卓越中心正在试点参与式政策制定,并广泛传播这两种做法。
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引用次数: 2
Public Health Innovation Must Build on an Equity-Centered Data System. 公共卫生创新必须建立在以公平为中心的数据系统之上。
Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1097/PHH.0000000000001499
A. Plough
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引用次数: 1
Power-building Partnerships for Health: Lessons From Santa Barbara About Building Power to Protect Farmworker Health and Advance Health Equity. 电力建设伙伴关系促进健康:圣巴巴拉关于建设电力以保护农场工人健康和促进健康公平的经验教训。
Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1097/PHH.0000000000001485
Megan Gaydos, Van Do-Reynoso, Marley Williams, Hazel Davalos, Arcenio J López
The distribution of power in society is "upstream of the upstream" social determinants of health, and community organizers redistribute power to change social and political systems that shape health. Power-building Partnerships for Health (PPH) was launched in 2018 and pairs local public health departments and community organizing groups to support transformational health equity work, prioritizing trust and relationship building as precursors for action. Through PPH, the Santa Barbara County Public Health Department partnered with 2 grassroots organizations, CAUSE and MICOP. This partnership led to their launching a Latinx Indigenous Migrant Health COVID-19 Task Force and to the passing of a first-of-its-kind Health Officer Order on safety in farmworker housing. This practice brief discusses the importance of relationship building and key activities within PPH, and the roles of both the health department and community organizers in taking action to advance health equity in Santa Barbara County during the pandemic.
社会中的权力分配是健康的“上游”社会决定因素的“上游”,社区组织者重新分配权力,以改变影响健康的社会和政治制度。卫生权力建设伙伴关系(PPH)于2018年启动,与地方公共卫生部门和社区组织团体合作,支持变革性卫生公平工作,优先考虑建立信任和关系,将其作为行动的先导。通过PPH,圣巴巴拉县公共卫生部门与CAUSE和MICOP这两个基层组织合作。这一伙伴关系促使他们成立了拉丁裔土著移民健康COVID-19工作队,并通过了首个关于农场工人住房安全的卫生官员命令。本实践简报讨论了在公共卫生保健部门内建立关系和开展关键活动的重要性,以及卫生部门和社区组织者在大流行期间采取行动促进圣巴巴拉县卫生公平方面的作用。
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引用次数: 1
Lincoln Trail District Health Department's Innovative Shift to Public Health 3.0. 林肯步道地区卫生局向公共卫生3.0的创新转变。
Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1097/PHH.0000000000001500
Elizabeth W Poynter, Stefanie P Goff, Lisa C Pollock, L. Blair, Melissa D. Phillips, Sara J Best
The Lincoln Trail District Health Department's (LTDHD) transformation into the Public Health 3.0 model was applied from frameworks established through public health accreditation standards and innovative strategies. The awareness of strengths and weaknesses discovered through strategic planning and a culture of quality improvement built over time has created numerous performance improvement opportunities. Those opportunities established greater collaboration and transparency between departments. The shift to the Public Health 3.0 and focus on Foundational Public Health Services model made for an easier transition into Kentucky's larger plan for public health transformation. LTDHD continues to provide public health protection by preventing the spread of disease, ensuring the safety of food, air, and water quality, supporting maternal and child health, improving access to clinical care services, and preventing chronic disease and injury.
林肯步道地区卫生局(LTDHD)向公共卫生3.0模式的转变是从通过公共卫生认证标准和创新战略建立的框架中应用的。通过战略规划和长期建立的质量改进文化发现优势和劣势的意识创造了许多绩效改进机会。这些机会在各部门之间建立了更大的合作和透明度。向公共卫生3.0的转变和对基础公共卫生服务模式的关注使肯塔基州更容易过渡到公共卫生转型的更大计划。LTDHD继续通过预防疾病传播,确保食品、空气和水质安全,支持孕产妇和儿童健康,改善获得临床护理服务的机会,以及预防慢性疾病和伤害,为公众健康提供保护。
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引用次数: 0
Building a Strong Foundation for Public Health Transformation. 为公共卫生转型奠定坚实基础。
Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1097/PHH.0000000000001544
P. Kuehnert, J. Levi, Corinne M. Graffunder, S. Tilgner
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引用次数: 0
How Aligning Sectors Builds Resilient, Equitable Communities. 各部门如何协调一致,建设有韧性、公平的社区。
Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.1097/PHH.0000000000001454
Glenn M Landers, K. Minyard, Hilary Heishman
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMP
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