Pub Date : 2024-04-10DOI: 10.1097/PHH.0000000000001875
Cara Orfield, Penny S. Loosier, Sarah Wagner, E. R. Sabin, Michelle Fiscus, Holly Matulewicz, Divya Vohra, Colleen Staatz, Melanie M Taylor, Elise C Caruso, Nick DeLuca, P. Moonan, J. Oeltmann, Phoebe Thorpe
OBJECTIVES We sought to (1) document how health departments (HDs) developed COVID-19 case investigation and contact tracing (CI/CT) interview scripts and the topics covered, and (2) understand how and why HDs modified those scripts. DESIGN Qualitative analysis of CI/CT interview scripts and in-depth key informant interviews with public health officials in 14 HDs. Collected scripts represent 3 distinct points (initial, the majority of which were time stamped May 2020; interim, spanning from September 2020 to August 2021; and current, as of April 2022). SETTING Fourteen state, local, and tribal health jurisdictions and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). PARTICIPANTS Thirty-six public health officials involved in leading CI/CT from 14 state, local, and tribal health jurisdictions (6 states, 3 cities, 4 counties, and 1 tribal area). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Interview script elements included in CI/CT interview scripts over time. RESULTS Many COVID-19 CI/CT scripts were developed by modifying questions from scripts used for other communicable diseases. Early in the pandemic, scripts included guidance on isolation/quarantine and discussed symptoms of COVID-19. As the pandemic evolved, the length of scripts increased substantially, with significant additions on contact elicitation, vaccinations, isolation/quarantine recommendations, and testing. Drivers of script changes included changes in our understanding of how the virus spreads, risk factors and symptoms, new treatments, new variants, vaccine development, and adjustments to CDC's official isolation and quarantine guidance. CONCLUSIONS Our findings offer suggestions about components to include in future CI/CT efforts, including educating members of the public about the disease and its symptoms, offering mitigation guidance, and providing sufficient support and resources to help people act on that guidance. Assessing the correlation between script length and number of completed interviews or other quality and performance measures could be an area for future study.
{"title":"Design and Modification of COVID-19 Case Investigation and Contact Tracing Interview Scripts Used by Health Departments Throughout the COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Cara Orfield, Penny S. Loosier, Sarah Wagner, E. R. Sabin, Michelle Fiscus, Holly Matulewicz, Divya Vohra, Colleen Staatz, Melanie M Taylor, Elise C Caruso, Nick DeLuca, P. Moonan, J. Oeltmann, Phoebe Thorpe","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000001875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000001875","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVES\u0000We sought to (1) document how health departments (HDs) developed COVID-19 case investigation and contact tracing (CI/CT) interview scripts and the topics covered, and (2) understand how and why HDs modified those scripts.\u0000\u0000\u0000DESIGN\u0000Qualitative analysis of CI/CT interview scripts and in-depth key informant interviews with public health officials in 14 HDs. Collected scripts represent 3 distinct points (initial, the majority of which were time stamped May 2020; interim, spanning from September 2020 to August 2021; and current, as of April 2022).\u0000\u0000\u0000SETTING\u0000Fourteen state, local, and tribal health jurisdictions and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).\u0000\u0000\u0000PARTICIPANTS\u0000Thirty-six public health officials involved in leading CI/CT from 14 state, local, and tribal health jurisdictions (6 states, 3 cities, 4 counties, and 1 tribal area).\u0000\u0000\u0000MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE\u0000Interview script elements included in CI/CT interview scripts over time.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Many COVID-19 CI/CT scripts were developed by modifying questions from scripts used for other communicable diseases. Early in the pandemic, scripts included guidance on isolation/quarantine and discussed symptoms of COVID-19. As the pandemic evolved, the length of scripts increased substantially, with significant additions on contact elicitation, vaccinations, isolation/quarantine recommendations, and testing. Drivers of script changes included changes in our understanding of how the virus spreads, risk factors and symptoms, new treatments, new variants, vaccine development, and adjustments to CDC's official isolation and quarantine guidance.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000Our findings offer suggestions about components to include in future CI/CT efforts, including educating members of the public about the disease and its symptoms, offering mitigation guidance, and providing sufficient support and resources to help people act on that guidance. Assessing the correlation between script length and number of completed interviews or other quality and performance measures could be an area for future study.","PeriodicalId":296123,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMP","volume":"300 1","pages":"336-345"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140719688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-10DOI: 10.1097/PHH.0000000000001936
Piia Hanson, Kimberly Sherman
{"title":"What It Really Takes to Succeed: Practical Tips for Maternal Health Collaboration.","authors":"Piia Hanson, Kimberly Sherman","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000001936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000001936","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":296123,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMP","volume":"2012 27","pages":"454-456"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140718704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-10DOI: 10.1097/PHH.0000000000001864
Navkiran K. Shokar, Jessica Calderón-Mora, Rebekah A. Salaiz, N. Casner, Marc J Zuckerman, Theresa L Byrd, Gurjeet S. Shokar, Alok Dwivedi
CONTEXT Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening can significantly reduce incidence and mortality; however, screening rates are suboptimal. The lowest rates are among those with no usual source of care and the uninsured. OBJECTIVE We describe the implementation and evaluation of a community-based CRC screening program from 2012 to 2015 designed to increase screening within a predominantly Hispanic US-Mexico border population. METHODS The multicomponent, evidence-based program provided in-person, bilingual, culturally tailored health education facilitated by community health workers, no-cost primarily stool-based testing and diagnostic colonoscopy, and navigation. We recruited uninsured individuals due for CRC screening from clinics and community sites. An extensive qualitative and quantitative program process and outcome evaluation was conducted. RESULTS In total, 20 118 individuals were approached, 8361 were eligible for screening; 74.8% completed screening and 74.6% completed diagnostic testing; 14 cancers were diagnosed. The mean age of participants was 56.8 years, and the majority were Hispanic, female, and of low socioeconomic status. The process evaluation gathered information that enabled effective program implementation and demonstrated effective staff training, compliance with processes, and high patient satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS This program used a population-based approach focusing on uninsured individuals and proved successful at achieving high fecal immunochemical test kit return rates and colonoscopy completion rates. Key factors related to its success included tailoring the intervention to our priority population, strong partnerships with community-based sites and clinics, expertise in clinical CRC screening, and an active community advisory board. This program can serve as a model for similar populations along the border to increase CRC screening rates among the underserved.
{"title":"Implementation and Evaluation of a Large Community-Based Colorectal Cancer Screening Program.","authors":"Navkiran K. Shokar, Jessica Calderón-Mora, Rebekah A. Salaiz, N. Casner, Marc J Zuckerman, Theresa L Byrd, Gurjeet S. Shokar, Alok Dwivedi","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000001864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000001864","url":null,"abstract":"CONTEXT\u0000Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening can significantly reduce incidence and mortality; however, screening rates are suboptimal. The lowest rates are among those with no usual source of care and the uninsured.\u0000\u0000\u0000OBJECTIVE\u0000We describe the implementation and evaluation of a community-based CRC screening program from 2012 to 2015 designed to increase screening within a predominantly Hispanic US-Mexico border population.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000The multicomponent, evidence-based program provided in-person, bilingual, culturally tailored health education facilitated by community health workers, no-cost primarily stool-based testing and diagnostic colonoscopy, and navigation. We recruited uninsured individuals due for CRC screening from clinics and community sites. An extensive qualitative and quantitative program process and outcome evaluation was conducted.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000In total, 20 118 individuals were approached, 8361 were eligible for screening; 74.8% completed screening and 74.6% completed diagnostic testing; 14 cancers were diagnosed. The mean age of participants was 56.8 years, and the majority were Hispanic, female, and of low socioeconomic status. The process evaluation gathered information that enabled effective program implementation and demonstrated effective staff training, compliance with processes, and high patient satisfaction.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000This program used a population-based approach focusing on uninsured individuals and proved successful at achieving high fecal immunochemical test kit return rates and colonoscopy completion rates. Key factors related to its success included tailoring the intervention to our priority population, strong partnerships with community-based sites and clinics, expertise in clinical CRC screening, and an active community advisory board. This program can serve as a model for similar populations along the border to increase CRC screening rates among the underserved.","PeriodicalId":296123,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMP","volume":"38 1","pages":"E143-E153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140717495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-10DOI: 10.1097/PHH.0000000000001933
Heather Tomlinson, Courtney Youngbar, Marcus Plescia
{"title":"Helping Health Agencies Adopt the FDA's Updated Food Code.","authors":"Heather Tomlinson, Courtney Youngbar, Marcus Plescia","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000001933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000001933","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":296123,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMP","volume":"741 1","pages":"442-444"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140719161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.1097/PHH.0000000000001484
Benjii Bryan Bittle
In Pierce County, Washington, 6 Communities of Focus face tough health disparities. To engage members of communities that have been marginalized for generations, Tacoma-Pierce County Health Department piloted participatory budgeting. Through this 5-step process, the health department and its partners make investments significant enough to bring community members to the table, codesign solutions, and put the final decision-making power to fund programs and services in their hands. Sharing power through this process is an innovative approach and has been adapted during the COVID-19 pandemic to build trust essential to resilience and recovery. After a series of successful projects bringing participatory budgeting to scale, the Public Health Centers for Excellence is piloting participatory policy making and disseminating both practices broadly.
{"title":"Sharing Power to Improve Population Health: Participatory Budgeting and Policy Making.","authors":"Benjii Bryan Bittle","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000001484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000001484","url":null,"abstract":"In Pierce County, Washington, 6 Communities of Focus face tough health disparities. To engage members of communities that have been marginalized for generations, Tacoma-Pierce County Health Department piloted participatory budgeting. Through this 5-step process, the health department and its partners make investments significant enough to bring community members to the table, codesign solutions, and put the final decision-making power to fund programs and services in their hands. Sharing power through this process is an innovative approach and has been adapted during the COVID-19 pandemic to build trust essential to resilience and recovery. After a series of successful projects bringing participatory budgeting to scale, the Public Health Centers for Excellence is piloting participatory policy making and disseminating both practices broadly.","PeriodicalId":296123,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMP","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125908194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.1097/PHH.0000000000001499
A. Plough
{"title":"Public Health Innovation Must Build on an Equity-Centered Data System.","authors":"A. Plough","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000001499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000001499","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":296123,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMP","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124753179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The distribution of power in society is "upstream of the upstream" social determinants of health, and community organizers redistribute power to change social and political systems that shape health. Power-building Partnerships for Health (PPH) was launched in 2018 and pairs local public health departments and community organizing groups to support transformational health equity work, prioritizing trust and relationship building as precursors for action. Through PPH, the Santa Barbara County Public Health Department partnered with 2 grassroots organizations, CAUSE and MICOP. This partnership led to their launching a Latinx Indigenous Migrant Health COVID-19 Task Force and to the passing of a first-of-its-kind Health Officer Order on safety in farmworker housing. This practice brief discusses the importance of relationship building and key activities within PPH, and the roles of both the health department and community organizers in taking action to advance health equity in Santa Barbara County during the pandemic.
{"title":"Power-building Partnerships for Health: Lessons From Santa Barbara About Building Power to Protect Farmworker Health and Advance Health Equity.","authors":"Megan Gaydos, Van Do-Reynoso, Marley Williams, Hazel Davalos, Arcenio J López","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000001485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000001485","url":null,"abstract":"The distribution of power in society is \"upstream of the upstream\" social determinants of health, and community organizers redistribute power to change social and political systems that shape health. Power-building Partnerships for Health (PPH) was launched in 2018 and pairs local public health departments and community organizing groups to support transformational health equity work, prioritizing trust and relationship building as precursors for action. Through PPH, the Santa Barbara County Public Health Department partnered with 2 grassroots organizations, CAUSE and MICOP. This partnership led to their launching a Latinx Indigenous Migrant Health COVID-19 Task Force and to the passing of a first-of-its-kind Health Officer Order on safety in farmworker housing. This practice brief discusses the importance of relationship building and key activities within PPH, and the roles of both the health department and community organizers in taking action to advance health equity in Santa Barbara County during the pandemic.","PeriodicalId":296123,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMP","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126173995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.1097/PHH.0000000000001500
Elizabeth W Poynter, Stefanie P Goff, Lisa C Pollock, L. Blair, Melissa D. Phillips, Sara J Best
The Lincoln Trail District Health Department's (LTDHD) transformation into the Public Health 3.0 model was applied from frameworks established through public health accreditation standards and innovative strategies. The awareness of strengths and weaknesses discovered through strategic planning and a culture of quality improvement built over time has created numerous performance improvement opportunities. Those opportunities established greater collaboration and transparency between departments. The shift to the Public Health 3.0 and focus on Foundational Public Health Services model made for an easier transition into Kentucky's larger plan for public health transformation. LTDHD continues to provide public health protection by preventing the spread of disease, ensuring the safety of food, air, and water quality, supporting maternal and child health, improving access to clinical care services, and preventing chronic disease and injury.
{"title":"Lincoln Trail District Health Department's Innovative Shift to Public Health 3.0.","authors":"Elizabeth W Poynter, Stefanie P Goff, Lisa C Pollock, L. Blair, Melissa D. Phillips, Sara J Best","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000001500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000001500","url":null,"abstract":"The Lincoln Trail District Health Department's (LTDHD) transformation into the Public Health 3.0 model was applied from frameworks established through public health accreditation standards and innovative strategies. The awareness of strengths and weaknesses discovered through strategic planning and a culture of quality improvement built over time has created numerous performance improvement opportunities. Those opportunities established greater collaboration and transparency between departments. The shift to the Public Health 3.0 and focus on Foundational Public Health Services model made for an easier transition into Kentucky's larger plan for public health transformation. LTDHD continues to provide public health protection by preventing the spread of disease, ensuring the safety of food, air, and water quality, supporting maternal and child health, improving access to clinical care services, and preventing chronic disease and injury.","PeriodicalId":296123,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMP","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133574868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.1097/PHH.0000000000001544
P. Kuehnert, J. Levi, Corinne M. Graffunder, S. Tilgner
{"title":"Building a Strong Foundation for Public Health Transformation.","authors":"P. Kuehnert, J. Levi, Corinne M. Graffunder, S. Tilgner","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000001544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000001544","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":296123,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMP","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122023599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.1097/PHH.0000000000001454
Glenn M Landers, K. Minyard, Hilary Heishman
{"title":"How Aligning Sectors Builds Resilient, Equitable Communities.","authors":"Glenn M Landers, K. Minyard, Hilary Heishman","doi":"10.1097/PHH.0000000000001454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/PHH.0000000000001454","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":296123,"journal":{"name":"Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMP","volume":"162 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132784490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}