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The coke oven gas production`s volume analysis of ukrainian coke-chemical enterprises in 2020. 乌克兰焦化企业2020年焦炉煤气产量分析。
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31081/1681-309x-2022-0-6-13-17
Kravchenko S.A., Starovoit A.G., Turkina O.V., Chaplianko S.V., Cherviak-Voronych L.A.
It has been carried out the properties, production volume and application balance analysis of coke oven gas, produced in 2020 by seven Ukrainian coke-chemical enterprises and plants, located at the territory controlled by Ukraine. Studies have been established the total volume of raw coke oven gas to be purified from hydrogen sulfide (given up to 4000 kcal/m3 ) – 4223,4 million m3 and the degree of its purification – 88,7 %, which compared to 2019 is less by 1,8 % (in quantitative terms per 76 million m3 ) and 1,1 %, respectively. Physicchemical properties indicators of heating coke oven gas in terms of hydrogen sulfide and naphthalene mass concentration, as well as lower specific calorific value, corresponded to the norm for the Ι grade. The total volume of coke oven gas (given up to 4000 kcal/m3 ), produced by coke-chemical enterprises and plants, was equal to 4239,7 million m3 , coke oven gas output from 1 ton of dry charge – 351 m3 , which compared to 2019 is less by 2,0 % (in quantitative terms per 87082 thousand m3 ) and more by 0,3 % (in quantitative terms per 1 m3 ), respectively. According to 6 enterprises, the volume of purified coke oven gas (given up to 4000 kcal/m3 ) used for own needs amounted to 70 %, provided for metallurgists and other consumer’s needs – 25 %, unused – 5 %. Because of consequences of hostilities, the issue of the ability of domestic coke-chemical enterprises to manufacture products becomes very relevant. The analysis presented in the article should be used to assess the losses caused to Ukrainian enterprises and plants by the armed aggression of the Russian Federation. Keywords: analysis, coke-chemical production, coke oven gas, fuel, moisture, coal tar, crude benzene, hydrogen sulfide, condensation, purification, directions of the application, balance. Corresponding author S.V. Chaplianko, e-mail: chaplianko_sv@ukr.net
对位于乌克兰控制领土内的7家乌克兰焦化企业和工厂2020年生产的焦炉煤气进行了性质、产量和应用平衡分析。研究已经确定,从硫化氢中纯化的焦炉原气总量(最高4000千卡/立方米)为422340万立方米,其净化程度为88.7 %,与2019年相比分别减少1.8 %(每7600万立方米定量计算)和1.1 %。加热焦炉煤气在硫化氢和萘质量浓度方面的物理化学性质指标,以及较低的比热值,符合Ι等级的标准。焦化企业和工厂生产的焦炉煤气总量(最高4000大卡/立方米)为423970万立方米,1吨干粉焦炉煤气产量为351立方米,与2019年相比,分别减少了0.2%(按每8708.2万立方米计算)和0.3%(按每1立方米计算)。6家企业表示,净化后的焦炉煤气(最高4000千卡/立方米)自用占70%,供冶金和其他消费者使用占25%,未使用占5%。由于敌对行动的后果,国内焦化企业生产产品的能力问题变得非常重要。文章中提出的分析应用于评估俄罗斯联邦武装侵略给乌克兰企业和工厂造成的损失。关键词:分析,焦化生产,焦炉煤气,燃料,水分,煤焦油,粗苯,硫化氢,冷凝,净化,应用方向,平衡。通讯作者S.V. Chaplianko, e-mail: chaplianko_sv@ukr.net
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引用次数: 0
APPLYING OF FALLED LEAVES IN PRODUCTION OF FUEL BRIQUETTES 落叶在燃料型煤生产中的应用
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31081/1681-309x-2021-0-5-25-32
A. Grigorov, М.О. Tokarev, M. Polishchuk, O. Zharova
The possibility has been considered of obtaining of fuel briquettes as an alternative biofuel based on fallen leaves (such tree species as oak and maple) and starch. The starch (a binder) content at the level of 10-30 % allows to produce of the briquettes using a screw press at a pressure of up to 15 MPa. The process of fuel briquettes obtaining from fallen leaves and starch included the following successive stages: collection of raw materials; preparation; averaging; mixing; pressing; drying and the testing of the product properties. At the last stage, the appearance of the obtained briquettes has been evaluated, and then their density (ρ, kg/m3 ), strength (P, MPa), working heat of combustion (Q, MJ/kg) and storage conditions have been determined. Evaluation of the appearance of briquettes showed that the correct geometric shape had those briquettes in which the weight content of the starch was in the range of 20-25 % to leaves weight. It was found out that the maximum value of briquette density (580 kg/m3 ) and compressive strength (4,8 MPa) is observed in the fuel briquettes which contained 25 % of starch. That is, this concentration can be considered optimal for this technology for the production of fuel briquettes. At the same time, the increase of starch content in the fuel briquette leads to an increase its working heat of combustion, which at a starch content of 25 % reached the value of 17.8 MJ/kg. It has been fixed that the influence of temperature (storage at 80 °C for 6 h) or temperature differences (from -10 to 25-30 °C) practically does not affect the form and properties of fuel briquettes obtained from fallen leaves. And the stay of briquettes in a humid environment, on the contrary, leads to its swelling, and, as a consequence, to the impairment of properties. Keywords: fuel briquettes, leaves, starch, pressing, density, strength, heat of combustion, storage conditions. Corresponding author A.B. Grigorov, e-mail: grigorovandrey@ukr.net
已经考虑了以落叶(如橡树和枫树)和淀粉为基础获得燃料压块作为替代生物燃料的可能性。淀粉(一种粘结剂)含量在10- 30%的水平,允许在压力高达15兆帕的螺旋压力机下生产型块。从落叶和淀粉中提取燃料型块的过程包括以下几个连续的阶段:原料的收集;准备;平均;混合;紧迫的;干燥及产品性能测试。最后,对得到的型煤进行外观评价,然后确定其密度(ρ, kg/m3)、强度(P, MPa)、燃烧工热(Q, MJ/kg)和储存条件。对成型块外观的评价表明,淀粉质量含量在叶片质量的20- 25%之间的成型块几何形状正确。结果表明,当淀粉含量为25%时,成型煤的最大密度为580 kg/m3,最大抗压强度为4.8 MPa。也就是说,该浓度可被认为是该技术生产燃料型煤的最佳浓度。同时,淀粉含量的增加导致燃料型煤的工作燃烧热增加,淀粉含量为25%时达到17.8 MJ/kg。已经确定,温度(在80°C下储存6小时)或温差(从-10°C到25-30°C)的影响实际上不影响从落叶中获得的燃料型煤的形状和性质。相反,煤块在潮湿的环境中停留会导致其膨胀,从而损害其性能。关键词:燃料型煤,叶片,淀粉,压制,密度,强度,燃烧热,储存条件。通讯作者A.B. Grigorov, e-mail: grigorovandrey@ukr.net
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引用次数: 0
Adsorption of chlorophenol by activated carbon from mixtures of long flame coal and secondary coking products. 活性炭吸附长焰煤与二次焦化产物混合物中氯酚的研究。
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31081/1681-309x-2023-0-2-21-30
V. Кucherenko, Ju.V. Таmarkina, V. Sabierova, I. Frolova
ADSORPTION OF CHLOROPHENOL BY ACTIVATED CARBON FROM MIXTURES OF LONG FLAME COAL AND SECONDARY COKING PRODUCTS © V.А. Кucherenko, Doctor of Chemical Sciences, Ju.V. Таmarkina, PhD in Chemical Sciences, V.А. Sabierova, PhD in Chemical Sciences, I.B. Frolova, PhD in Chemical Sciences (L.M. Litvinenko Institute of Physical-Organic and Coal Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 02160, Kyiv, Kharkiv Highway St., 50, Ukraine) The purpose of this work is to evaluate the effect of secondary coking products (SCPs) on the adsorption properties of activated carbons (ACs) from mixtures of SCP and long-flame coal D. AC samples with specific surface area SBET = 885–1173 m2/g were prepared from coal D and mixtures of coal (85 %) and SCP (15 %). Fuses (F), acid tar (AT) of the sulfate department, polymers (P) of the benzene department, cube residue (CR) and coal tar (T) were used, and the corresponding samples are designated as AC(D), AC(F), AC(AT), AC(P), AC(CR), AC(T). The adsorption capacity for 4-chlorophenol (CP) (ACP) was determined at the AC content of 1 g/L (25°C) and the CP initial concentration СCP(0) ≤ 600 mg/L. The CP concentration was determined from the solution optical density at 280 nm (Perkin-Elmer Lambda 20 spectrophotometer). The specific adsorption capacity АCP(S) (mg/m2) was determined by the ratio АCP(S) = ACP/SBET, which is proportional to the concentration of adsorption centers on the AC surface. The degree of CP extraction and the degree of surface coverage were calculated. The CP adsorption kinetics were approximated by pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and intraparticle diffusion models. The adsorption isotherms were approximated by the Langmuir and Freundlich models. The SCP type was established to have a significant effect on the AC adsorption activity which is expressed by significant differences in the values of adsorption capacity, kinetic characteristics, and isotherm parameters. The CP adsorption kinetics was found to obey the pseudo-second order model (determination coefficient R2 ≥ 0.996) with constants varying from 2,78·10-4 g/mg·min to 6,29·10-4 g/mg·min depending on the SCP type. By comparing the calculations of the kinetics by the pseudo-first order and intraparticle diffusion models, the rate-determining stage was found to be the physical sorption and chemisorption of СP. In the range of equilibrium concentrations of СCP(е) ≤ 350 mg/l, the adsorption isotherms were approximated by the Langmuir model (R2 ≥ 0,994) better than by the Freundlich model (R2 ≥ 0,887). The calculated capacitances of the monolayer for the obtained ACs differ by a factor of ~2 and are in the interval of АCP(L) =214,3 – 414,3 mg/g, Langmuir constants are from 1,89·10-2 l/mg to 5,29·10-2 l/mg. The CP adsorption capacity was found to increase almost linearly with increasing SBET (R2 = 0.931), but the AC(AT) sample sharply drops out of this dependence and shows a 2-fold lower capacity value, which is due to the AT composition.
活性炭吸附长焰煤与二次焦化产物混合物中氯酚的研究©v.А。Кucherenko,化学博士,juv。Таmarkina,化学博士,V.А。Sabierova,化学科学博士,I.B. Frolova,化学科学博士(L.M. Litvinenko乌克兰国家科学院物理有机和煤炭化学研究所,基辅,哈尔科夫公路街,50号,02160)本研究的目的是评估二次焦化产物(SCP)对SCP和长焰煤D混合物中活性炭(ACs)吸附性能的影响。从煤D和煤(85%)和SCP(15%)的混合物中制备了比表面积SBET = 885-1173 m2/g的AC样品。采用熔剂(F)、硫酸盐系酸焦油(AT)、苯系聚合物(P)、立方渣油(CR)和煤焦油(T),将相应的样品分别命名为AC(D)、AC(F)、AC(AT)、AC(P)、AC(CR)、AC(T)。在AC含量为1 g/L(25℃)、CP初始浓度СCP(0)≤600 mg/L的条件下,测定了4-氯苯酚(CP) (ACP)的吸附量。用溶液光密度(Perkin-Elmer Lambda 20分光光度计)在280 nm处测定CP浓度。比吸附容量АCP(S) (mg/m2)由АCP(S) = ACP/SBET决定,该比值与活性炭表面吸附中心的浓度成正比。计算CP提取度和表面覆盖度。CP吸附动力学用拟一级、拟二级和颗粒内扩散模型进行了模拟。吸附等温线用Langmuir和Freundlich模型近似。SCP类型对AC吸附活性有显著影响,表现为吸附容量、动力学特性和等温线参数值的显著差异。CP吸附动力学服从拟二级模型(决定系数R2≥0.996),随SCP类型的不同,吸附常数在2,78·10-4 g/mg·min ~ 6,29·10-4 g/mg·min之间变化。通过比较伪一阶和颗粒内扩散模型的动力学计算,发现速度决定阶段是СP的物理吸附和化学吸附。在平衡浓度СCP(h)≤350 mg/l范围内,Langmuir模型(R2≥0,994)对吸附等温线的近似优于Freundlich模型(R2≥0,887)。所得活性炭的电容量计算值相差约2倍,在АCP(L) =214,3 ~ 414,3 mg/g范围内,Langmuir常数为1,89·10-2 L /mg ~ 5,29·10-2 L /mg。发现CP吸附量随SBET的增加几乎呈线性增加(R2 = 0.931),但AC(AT)样品的吸附量急剧下降,并显示出2倍的容量值,这是由于AT的组成。确定了CP容量和萃取程度依次为АC(AT) < АC(D) < АC(F) < АC(T) < АC(P) < АC(CR)。从对活性炭性能的影响来看,最有效的SCP是立方体残渣,它最大程度地促进了吸附中心的形成,与CP相关,AC(CR)样品具有最高的吸附容量(414 mg/g),比容量(0.353 mg/m2),表面覆盖率(80.6%)和初始CP吸收率。在CCP(0) = 600 mg/l时,前5min AC(CR)吸收CP总量的35.8%。其他样品的该参数值较低,范围为11.5% (AC(AT))至29.2% (AC(P))。即得出SPS组成,以确定形成AC空间框架的化学反应集。除酸焦油外,所有SPCs均能促进活性炭的形成,并具有更高的吸附容量和更高的吸附速率,这使得SPCs在改善活性炭吸附特性方面具有广阔的应用前景。关键词:长焰煤,二次焦化产物,活性炭,吸附,4-氯酚,电子邮件:Tamarkina@nas.gov.ua
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引用次数: 0
Estimation of the suitability of the coal charge for producing blast-furnace coke of the given quality using the tamping technology. 用夯实工艺生产给定质量的高炉焦炭时,煤料的适宜性评价。
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31081/1681-309x-2021-0-4-9-15
E. T. Kovalev, A. Borisenko, I. Shulga, N. Desna
ESTIMATION OF THE SUITABILITY OF THE COAL CHARGE FOR PRODUCING BLAST-FURNACE COKE OF THE GIVEN QUALITY USING THE TAMPING TECHNOLOGY © E.T. Kovalev, Doctor of Technical Sciences, A.L. Borisenko, PhD in technical sciences, I.V. Shulga, PhD in technical sciences, N.A. Desna, PhD in technical sciences (State Enterprise "Ukrainian State Research Coal Chemical Institute (UKHIN)", 61023, Kharkіv, Vesnina st., 7, Ukraine) The article shows the relevance of technologies that implement the possibility of expanding the raw material base of coking with the help of special methods for preparing the charge, among which tamping is currently taking the leading place in the world and in Ukraine. It is shown that when considering the issue of introducing the technology of coking the tamped charge, a previous link of the available raw material base with the planning of the main structural parameters of the coke oven is necessary. It will provide on the basis of global low-caking coals the production of coal coke with characteristics that are as close as possible to the requirements of the world's leading iron producers. On a general example, the developed complex and the procedure for performing the corresponding assessment are presented, the following includes: – a comprehensive analysis of the properties of bituminous coals intended to be used as components of the raw material base (technical, petrographic and other analysis); – drawing up on their basis model charges, taking into account the restrictions on ash content (≤ 9-10 %), burst pressure (≤ 7 kPa), thickness of the plastic layer (≤ 15 mm.); – laboratory determination of indicators of tamping capacity of model charges – density of rammed briquettes (γ, g/cm3 ) and their shear strength (σss, kPa); – laboratory coking of tamped model mixtures with subsequent determination and comparison of the properties of the obtained cokes; – based on the data on the tamping capacity of the model charges, which showed optimal results in terms of the formation of coke of the best quality and the parameters of the known (mastered) designs of furnaces and charge, the calculated determination of the value of the maximum height of the coking chamber for the studied composition and properties of the charge. Keywords: coking, tamping of coal charge, preliminary assessment, analysis of coals, model charge, tamping indicators, coking, coke properties, coking chamber height. Corresponding author E.T. Kovalev, e-mail: post@ukhin.org.ua
利用压实技术对生产给定质量高炉焦炭的煤料适宜性的估计©E.T. Kovalev,技术科学博士,A.L. Borisenko,技术科学博士,I.V. Shulga,技术科学博士,na . a . Desna,技术科学博士(国有企业“乌克兰国家煤化工研究所(UKHIN)”,61023,哈尔克诺夫,Vesnina st., 7,(乌克兰)本文介绍了利用特殊的制料方法实现扩大焦化原料基础的可能性的相关技术,其中夯实目前在世界和乌克兰处于领先地位。研究表明,在考虑引入捣固料焦化技术问题时,有必要事先对可利用原料基础与焦炉主要结构参数进行规划。它将在全球低结块煤的基础上,提供尽可能接近世界主要铁生产国要求的特性的焦炭生产。举一个一般的例子,介绍了已开发的综合设施和进行相应评估的程序,其中包括:- -对打算用作原料基础组成部分的烟煤的特性进行全面分析(技术、岩石学和其他分析);-考虑到灰分含量(≤9- 10%)、破裂压力(≤7kpa)、塑料层厚度(≤15mm)的限制,在其基础上制定模型收费;夯实型煤的密度(γ, g/cm3)和抗剪强度(σss, kPa);-实验室焦化捣实的模型混合物,然后测定和比较所得焦炭的性质;-根据模型炉料的捣固能力数据,以及已知(掌握)炉料和炉料设计的参数,计算确定了所研究的炉料组成和性能的焦化室最大高度的值。关键词:焦化,煤粉充填,初步评价,煤粉分析,模型充填,充填指标,焦化,焦炭性质,焦化室高度。通讯作者E.T. Kovalev, e-mail: post@ukhin.org.ua
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引用次数: 0
SUBECONOMIZER FOR IMPROVENT OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF CDQ PLANT MODULE 提高CDQ机组模块能效的分效器
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31081/1681-309x-2021-0-5-12-15
S. Abdullin, A.O. Kachura
The article is devoted to the adjustment of the efficiency of the coke dry quenching plant (CDQP) by installing the subeconomizer in the technological scheme of coke production. A work description is presented of the subeconomizers and analyzes the advantages of the subeconomizers on the existing and new CDQP blocks. It has been emphasized that in coke production one of the most important factors is the need to work all parts of the technological chain with the full productivity. Decreased productivity or disruptions in certain areas can lead to significant losses of the final product. It is shown that the dry coke quenching plant should ensure not only stable operation of the coke battery, but also the required level of coke supply for blast furnace production. Therefore, violation of the technological regime of DCQP can critically affect the production of iron and steel. The feature of dry coke quenching technology is emphasized: the increase in productivity inevitably causes an increase of the temperature of quenched coke. It is shown that one of the ways to maintain the temperature of the quenched coke at the required level is to install a subeconomizer (SE) in the scheme of DCQP. The experience of SE "GIPROKOKS" in designing the reconstruction of existing DCQP is underlined. Data on the operation of the DCQP with the SE included in the technological scheme (which has been successfully operated for more than three years) and without it are given. SE "GIPROKOKS" studies, develops and implements new technologies that can be used in the construction of new coke plants, as well as in the reconstruction of existing ones. It is shown that the use of subeconomizers in dry coke quenching plants allows to increase the productivity of DCQP units on quenched coke by about 10 % while maintaining the required temperature and quality of the obtained coke. Keywords: dry coke quenching, temperature of quenched coke, coke yield, subeconomizer, energy efficiency. Corresponding author S.Yu. Abdullin, е-mail: abdullins1979@gmail.com
介绍了焦炭干淬装置在焦炭生产工艺方案中安装亚低温剂对焦炭干淬装置效率的调整。给出了子分类器的工作描述,并分析了子分类器在现有和新的CDQP块上的优点。在焦炭生产中,最重要的因素之一是需要以充分的生产力工作的所有部分的技术链。生产力下降或某些领域的中断可能导致最终产品的重大损失。研究表明,干式焦炭淬火装置既要保证焦炭蓄电池的稳定运行,又要保证高炉生产所需的焦炭供应水平。因此,违反DCQP技术制度会严重影响钢铁生产。强调干焦淬火技术的特点:生产率的提高必然引起淬焦温度的提高。结果表明,在DCQP方案中安装亚低温器(SE)是使焦炭保持在要求温度的方法之一。强调了SE“GIPROKOKS”在设计现有DCQP重建方面的经验。给出了在技术方案中包含SE(已成功运行三年多)和不包含SE的DCQP的运行数据。SE“GIPROKOKS”研究,开发和实施可用于建设新焦炭厂以及重建现有焦炭厂的新技术。结果表明,在干式焦炭淬火装置中使用亚低温剂可使DCQP装置对淬火焦炭的生产效率提高约10%,同时保持所制焦炭所需的温度和质量。关键词:干焦淬火,焦炭温度,焦炭收率,亚低温剂,能效通讯作者:S.YuAbdullin,电邮:abdullins1979@gmail.com
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引用次数: 0
Production of road oil bitumens by the method of chemical modification of oil residues. 用油渣化学改性的方法生产道路用油沥青。
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31081/1681-309x-2021-0-4-21-27
V. Gunka, Y. Prysiazhnyi, Yuriy Demchuk, Y. Hrynchuk, Yu.V. Sidun, M. Bratychak
PRODUCTION OF ROAD OIL BITUMENS BY THE METHOD OF CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF OIL RESIDUES © V.М. Gunka, PhD in technical sciences, Yu.V. Prysiazhnyi, PhD in technical sciences, Yu.Ya. Demchuk, PhD in technical sciences, Yu.M. Hrynchuk, PhD in technical sciences, Yu.V. Sidun, PhD in technical sciences, M.M. Bratychak, Doctor of Chemical Sciences (Lviv Polytechnic Naional University, 12 Stepan Bandera Str., 79013, Lviv, Ukraine) The article is devoted to obtaining road oil bitumen from oil residues by modifying them with relatively cheap low molecular weight organic substances. The proposed method relates to a chemical modification, which, in case of its industrial implementation, will allow avoiding the use of expensive physical modifiers. A 37 % aqueous solution of formaldehyde was used as low molecular weight organic substances (modifier / chemical reagent of the process) for chemical modification of tar; concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4) was used as a catalyst for the chemical modification of tar. As a feedstock for chemical modification, we used an oil residue - tar, selected at PJSC “Ukrtatnafta” (Kremenchug, Ukraine). The chemical modification with formaldehyde was carried out in hermetic stationary containers capable of operating under excess pressure. The photographs of the equipment are given. Since the ultimate goal of the work was to obtain road oil bitumen, then, analyzing the results of experimental studies, we focused on the quality characteristics of this particular product. At the same time, the most important quality indicators were determined, namely: the depth of needle penetration, softening temperature, ductility (extensibility), adhesion to glass (adhesion to glass), Fraas brittle temperature, penetration index. For tar, the following characteristics such as density, flash point in an open crucible, and a boiling point were additionally determined. As a result of the experiments, the fundamental possibility of obtaining road oil bitumen by the method of chemical modification of tar with formaldehyde was established. It was revealed that the process factors (formaldehyde content in the reaction mixture, catalyst content in the reaction mixture, temperature and duration) have a significant effect on the quality of the resulting product. Changing their values allows you to adjust the values of the quality characteristics of the resulting bitumen. Keywords: binders, bitumen, oil residue, modification. Corresponding author V.М. Gunka, e-mail: volodymyr.m.hunka@lpnu.ua
油渣化学改性法生产道路用油沥青©v.М。冈卡,耶鲁大学技术科学博士。Prysiazhnyi,技术科学博士,Yu.Ya。Demchuk,技术科学博士,Yu.M.;Hrynchuk,耶鲁大学技术科学博士。Sidun,技术科学博士,M.M. Bratychak,化学科学博士(Lviv Polytechnic national University, 12 Stepan Bandera Str., 79013, Lviv, Ukraine)本文致力于用相对便宜的低分子量有机物质对石油残渣进行改性,从而获得道路用油沥青。所提议的方法涉及化学改性,在其工业实施的情况下,将允许避免使用昂贵的物理改性剂。采用37%甲醛水溶液作为低分子量有机物(工艺的改性剂/化学试剂)对焦油进行化学改性;以浓硫酸(H2SO4)为催化剂对焦油进行化学改性。作为化学改性的原料,我们使用了在PJSC“Ukrtatnafta”(Kremenchug,乌克兰)选择的油渣-焦油。用甲醛进行化学改性是在能够在超压下操作的密封固定容器中进行的。给出了设备的照片。由于这项工作的最终目标是获得道路用油沥青,因此,通过分析实验研究的结果,我们将重点放在这种特定产品的质量特性上。同时确定了最重要的质量指标,即:针穿深度、软化温度、延展性(extensibility)、与玻璃的粘附性(adhesion to glass)、Fraas脆性温度、穿透指数。对于焦油,下列特性,如密度,在开放坩埚中的闪点,和沸点被另外测定。通过实验,确定了用甲醛对焦油进行化学改性制备道路用油沥青的基本可能性。结果表明,工艺因素(反应混合物中甲醛含量、反应混合物中催化剂含量、反应温度和反应时间)对产物质量有显著影响。更改它们的值允许您调整所得到的沥青的质量特性的值。关键词:粘结剂,沥青,油渣,改性通讯作者V.М。冈卡,电子邮件:volodymyr.m.hunka@lpnu.ua
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引用次数: 0
The selection of technological basis of deep processing of coal. 煤炭深加工工艺基础的选择。
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31081/1681-309x-2021-0-4-15-21
M. Gordienko
THE SELECTION OF TECHNOLOGICAL BASIS OF DEEP PROCESSING OF COAL © M.O. Gordienko (State Enterprise "Ukrainian State Research Coal Chemical Institute (UHIN)", 61023, Kharkov, Vesnina st., 7, Ukraine) The article is devoted to the analysis of the possibility of expanding the raw material base of thermal energy, as well as meeting the demand for motor fuels and chemical products through the thermochemical processing of coal, the reserves of which are large enough and available for extraction and transportation. Moreover, in contrast to technologies such as methanization and liquefaction, the most promising type of deep processing of coal seems to be its gasification. This process is carried out in sealed devices of high power according to the technologies that have a long history of improvement on an industrial scale by the world's leading companies. It was emphasized that Ukraine has significant reserves of low-calorie coal (constantly expanding due to waste of coal preparation), the thermochemical processing of which can significantly expand the domestic energy base. The basic principles of classification and technological foundations of existing industrial and industrial research installations for gasification of coal and similar materials are given. The basic diagrams and main parameters of the existing installations, which carry out the gasification process at temperatures below the melting point of the mineral (ash-forming) components of the raw material, are described - Sasol Lurgi and SES Gasification Technology (SGT). Based on the data on the world experience in the operation of thermochemical coal processing units, it is shown that low-temperature (carried out at a temperature below the melting point of the mineral ashforming components) gasification of various types of non-coking coal with certain technological solutions can be no less effective than more complex and expensive high-temperature technologies. There are grounds for believing that the efficiency of gasification with ash removal in a solid state can be further increased by using some of the technological capabilities available in coke production. Keywords: brown coal, non-coking coals, thermochemical processing, gasification, efficiency, degree of carbon conversion, energy carriers, synthesis gas, environmental safety. Corresponding author M.O. Gordienko, е-mail: yo@ukhin.org.ua
煤炭深加工技术基础的选择©M.O. Gordienko(国有企业“乌克兰国家煤化工研究所(UHIN)”,61023,哈尔科夫,Vesnina st., 7,乌克兰)本文致力于分析扩大热能原料基础的可能性,以及通过煤的热化学加工满足发动机燃料和化工产品需求的可能性。储量足够大,可供开采和运输。此外,与甲烷化和液化等技术相比,最有前途的煤炭深加工方式似乎是气化。这个过程是在高功率的密封设备中进行的,根据世界领先公司在工业规模上有悠久的改进历史的技术。会议强调,乌克兰拥有大量低热量煤储量(由于选煤浪费不断扩大),对其进行热化学处理可以显著扩大国内能源基础。介绍了现有煤气化和类似物料气化工业和工业研究装置的分类基本原则和技术基础。描述了在低于原料矿物(成灰)成分熔点的温度下进行气化过程的现有装置的基本图和主要参数- Sasol Lurgi和SES气化技术(SGT)。根据世界热化煤处理装置运行经验的数据表明,采用一定的技术方案对各类非炼焦煤进行低温气化(在低于矿物灰形成组分熔点的温度下进行)的效果不亚于更复杂和昂贵的高温技术。有理由相信,利用焦炭生产中现有的一些技术能力,可以进一步提高固态除灰气化的效率。关键词:褐煤、非炼焦煤、热化学加工、气化、效率、碳转化程度、能量载体、合成气、环境安全通讯作者M.O. Gordienko, mail: yo@ukhin.org.ua
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引用次数: 0
MECHANICAL STRENGTH OF COAL: METHODS OF DETERMINATION AND FACTORS OF INFLUENCE (REVIEW) 煤的机械强度。测定方法和影响因素(复审)
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.31081/1681-309x-2021-0-6-4-17
V. Koval, D. Miroshnichenko, O.V. Bogoyavlenska
The article substantiates the importance and problems of determining of such an indicator of the quality of solid fossil fuels, as mechanical strength. The strength of coal depends on a large number of factors (viscosity, brittleness, properties of structural bonds, etc.), the change of which is impossible to take into account. Therefore, the strength of coal in the sample, piece, pack and formation must be represented by some integral index, which inevitably fluctuates around a certain average value and can be determined only approximately. The evaluation of the strength properties of coal should be carried out on the basis of mass tests using statistical methods that allow to calculate the average value and coefficient of variation. Since the strength dispersion is mainly due to the natural inhomogeneity of the coal, the excessive accuracy of the measuring instruments has almost no effect on the statistical characteristics. Laboratory methods of mechanical tests of mine samples, in comparison with full-scale, as a rule, are very accessible and, at qualitative performance of tests, are highly reliable. The properties of coal as an object of enrichment and use are largely related to its physical properties. The physical properties of coal and mineral impurities significantly affect the formation of the main parameters that characterize the particle size distribution and fractional composition, it`s changes during the mining, transportation and enrichment processes. The basic physical and mechanical properties of solid fuels from the point of view of their industrial processing have been listed, the review has been made of the most widespread methods of study of coals mechanical durability and the equipment used for these purposes. The main advantages and disadvantages have been summarized of these methods, as well as their relationship. The factors have been Indicated tinfluencing the mechanical strength of coal. The expediency of using existing methods from the point of view of informativeness for thesphere of its application has been estimated. The methods common in the coal processing industry are considered in more detail. Keywords: coal, solid fuel mining, mechanical strength, determination methods, influencing factors, grinding strength, crushing index. Corresponding author V.V. Koval, e-mail: kovalen79@gmail.com
本文论述了测定固体化石燃料机械强度这一质量指标的重要性和存在的问题。煤的强度取决于很多因素(粘度、脆性、结构键的性质等),这些因素的变化是无法考虑的。因此,煤在试样、块体、包体和地层中的强度必须用一个积分指标来表示,而这个积分指标不可避免地会在某个平均值周围波动,只能近似地确定。煤的强度特性评价应在质量试验的基础上进行,使用统计方法计算平均值和变异系数。由于强度分散主要是由于煤的天然不均匀性造成的,因此测量仪器的过高精度对统计特性几乎没有影响。矿山样品力学试验的实验室方法,与全尺寸试验相比,通常是很容易获得的,而且在试验的定性性能方面,是高度可靠的。煤作为富集和利用对象的性质在很大程度上与其物理性质有关。煤和矿物杂质的物理性质显著影响表征粒度分布和分数组成的主要参数的形成及其在开采、运输和富集过程中的变化。从固体燃料的工业加工角度,列出了固体燃料的基本物理和机械性能,综述了研究煤的机械耐久性的最广泛的方法和用于这些目的的设备。总结了这些方法的主要优缺点,以及它们之间的关系。指出了影响煤的机械强度的因素。从信息性的角度对现有方法的应用范围进行了估计。更详细地考虑了煤炭加工工业中常用的方法。关键词:煤,固体燃料开采,机械强度,测定方法,影响因素,磨矿强度,破碎指标。通讯作者V.V. Koval, e-mail: kovalen79@gmail.com
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Coal Chemistry
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