Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.31081/1681-309X-2020-0-6-4-12
I. Miroshnichenko, D. Miroshnichenko, I. Shulga, Yu. V. Nikolaychuk
The article is devoted to laboratory studies to determine the influence of the bulk density of a coal blend (in particular, tamped) on the value of the gross calorific value of the coke obtained from it. To making up a model coal blends, coal concentrates has been selected and analyzed from the raw material base of Ukrainian coke enterprises. From the studied coals four variants of coal blends has been formed, characterized by different grades. Experimental coking of coal charges has been carried out in a 5-kg laboratory oven designed by the State Enterprise "UKHIN". The bulk coking blend has been moistened to 8 %. The blend for tamping has been moistened to 12 %, tamped into a special matrix to a density of 1.15 t/m3 , and then the tamped coal cake has been placed in a retort for coking. It has been established that the maximum value of the gross calorific value of blast-furnace coke is achieved during coking of coal blends, which are characterized by the following set of quality indicators: R0=0,91–0,94 %; Vdaf = 30,9-31,0 %; C daf = 83,80-83,83 %; Hdaf = 5,01-5,02 %; Od daf = 8,42-8,45 %. It has been shown that an increase in the bulk density of coal blends, characterized by the same set of quality indicators, from 800 to 1150 kg/m3 leads to an increase in the gross calorific value of blastfurnace coke by 0,05-0,12 MJ/kg. Hydrogen bonds are a factor that contributes to the denser packaging of coal grains in the load. For this, the number of water molecules must correspond to the number of polar bonds in carbon macromolecules. With a lack of water, not all polar functional groups present in macromolecules will participate in the formation of new bonds, which will not allow to the coal grains to be packed more tightly. On the contrary, at higher humidity, excess water molecules will take up space in the feed, not participating in the formation of bonds with carbon macromolecules, which will lead to a decrease in the bulk density in terms of dry weight.
{"title":"EFFECT OF BULK DENSITY OF COAL BLEND ON THE CALORIFIC VALUE OF COKE","authors":"I. Miroshnichenko, D. Miroshnichenko, I. Shulga, Yu. V. Nikolaychuk","doi":"10.31081/1681-309X-2020-0-6-4-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31081/1681-309X-2020-0-6-4-12","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to laboratory studies to determine the influence of the bulk density of a coal blend (in particular, tamped) on the value of the gross calorific value of the coke obtained from it. To making up a model coal blends, coal concentrates has been selected and analyzed from the raw material base of Ukrainian coke enterprises. From the studied coals four variants of coal blends has been formed, characterized by different grades. Experimental coking of coal charges has been carried out in a 5-kg laboratory oven designed by the State Enterprise \"UKHIN\". The bulk coking blend has been moistened to 8 %. The blend for tamping has been moistened to 12 %, tamped into a special matrix to a density of 1.15 t/m3 , and then the tamped coal cake has been placed in a retort for coking. It has been established that the maximum value of the gross calorific value of blast-furnace coke is achieved during coking of coal blends, which are characterized by the following set of quality indicators: R0=0,91–0,94 %; Vdaf = 30,9-31,0 %; C daf = 83,80-83,83 %; Hdaf = 5,01-5,02 %; Od daf = 8,42-8,45 %. It has been shown that an increase in the bulk density of coal blends, characterized by the same set of quality indicators, from 800 to 1150 kg/m3 leads to an increase in the gross calorific value of blastfurnace coke by 0,05-0,12 MJ/kg. Hydrogen bonds are a factor that contributes to the denser packaging of coal grains in the load. For this, the number of water molecules must correspond to the number of polar bonds in carbon macromolecules. With a lack of water, not all polar functional groups present in macromolecules will participate in the formation of new bonds, which will not allow to the coal grains to be packed more tightly. On the contrary, at higher humidity, excess water molecules will take up space in the feed, not participating in the formation of bonds with carbon macromolecules, which will lead to a decrease in the bulk density in terms of dry weight.","PeriodicalId":296617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Coal Chemistry","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114976551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.31081/1681-309x-2022-0-6-23-28
Сhernyavsky А.V., Grigorov A.B.
The article considers the main global trends in the use of fuel for shipping. The necessity of replacing marine fuel oils of the F-5 and F-12 grades, which are currently widely used by the merchant fleet of Ukraine, with new fuels with a low sulfur content, such as marine gas oil (MGO) or low sulfur marine gas oil (LS-MGO), is substantiated. The main problems are characterized, and in turn, they may arise during the transition of shipping to new types of fuel taking into account the role of cargo transportation by sea. Directions for solving these problems without a significant impact on the cost of cargo transportation are proposed, consisting of the selection of raw materials, their preliminary processing, the use of the latest processing technologies and compounding of finished commercial products. The selection of raw materials consists of determining the types and grades of raw materials that are provided with sufficient industrial reserves for the implementation of the selected technology and are characterized by a certain level of quality, for example, low (<0.5 %) sulfur content. The use of the latest technologies consists of thermal (cracking, pyrolysis) and thermocatalytic (catalytic cracking and pyrolysis, hydrotreating and hydrocracking) processes for obtaining fuel with a low sulfur content from hydrocarbon raw materials. Fuel compounding occurs with components with a significantly lower sulfur content. For this, various petroleum distillates, commercial fuels, some liquid products of coal gasification, as well as products of thermal degradation of polymer raw materials can be used. In practice, in the production of marine fuel with a low sulfur content, the most effective combination of several directions in a single technological chain: "selection of raw materials - the latest technologies" or "selection of raw materials - the latest technologies - compounding". Considering the above, it is shown that at present one of the most promising technological processes for the production of motor fuels, in particular marine ones, in Ukraine catalytic pyrolysis of secondary polymer raw materials on zeolites can be considered. Key words: marine fuel, sulfur, shipping, environmental requirements, polymers, pyrolysis, catalyst, petroleum distillates, coal gasification products. Corresponding author: A.B. Grigorov, e-mail: grigorovandrey@ukr.net
{"title":"Marine fuel with low sulfur content, production prospects in Ukraine.","authors":"Сhernyavsky А.V., Grigorov A.B.","doi":"10.31081/1681-309x-2022-0-6-23-28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31081/1681-309x-2022-0-6-23-28","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers the main global trends in the use of fuel for shipping. The necessity of replacing marine fuel oils of the F-5 and F-12 grades, which are currently widely used by the merchant fleet of Ukraine, with new fuels with a low sulfur content, such as marine gas oil (MGO) or low sulfur marine gas oil (LS-MGO), is substantiated. The main problems are characterized, and in turn, they may arise during the transition of shipping to new types of fuel taking into account the role of cargo transportation by sea. Directions for solving these problems without a significant impact on the cost of cargo transportation are proposed, consisting of the selection of raw materials, their preliminary processing, the use of the latest processing technologies and compounding of finished commercial products. The selection of raw materials consists of determining the types and grades of raw materials that are provided with sufficient industrial reserves for the implementation of the selected technology and are characterized by a certain level of quality, for example, low (<0.5 %) sulfur content. The use of the latest technologies consists of thermal (cracking, pyrolysis) and thermocatalytic (catalytic cracking and pyrolysis, hydrotreating and hydrocracking) processes for obtaining fuel with a low sulfur content from hydrocarbon raw materials. Fuel compounding occurs with components with a significantly lower sulfur content. For this, various petroleum distillates, commercial fuels, some liquid products of coal gasification, as well as products of thermal degradation of polymer raw materials can be used. In practice, in the production of marine fuel with a low sulfur content, the most effective combination of several directions in a single technological chain: \"selection of raw materials - the latest technologies\" or \"selection of raw materials - the latest technologies - compounding\". Considering the above, it is shown that at present one of the most promising technological processes for the production of motor fuels, in particular marine ones, in Ukraine catalytic pyrolysis of secondary polymer raw materials on zeolites can be considered. Key words: marine fuel, sulfur, shipping, environmental requirements, polymers, pyrolysis, catalyst, petroleum distillates, coal gasification products. Corresponding author: A.B. Grigorov, e-mail: grigorovandrey@ukr.net","PeriodicalId":296617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Coal Chemistry","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128688766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.31081/1681-309X-2020-0-6-12-17
A. Martynova, O. S. Malysh, V. A. Saraeva, I. N. Palval
The article touches upon the problem of cleaning of the coke oven gas from sulfur compounds, which is relevant in connection with the requirements for reducing of the sulfur dioxide emissions into the atmosphere and ensuring of the environmental safety of production in general. At present, the sulfur dioxide emissions from coke-chemical plants account for about 20 % of the total emissions of pollutants from coke ovens and are calculated from the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in coke oven gas after its purification before feeding to coke oven batteries heating systems. However, in addition to hydrogen sulfide, coke oven gas also contains organosulfur compounds such as carbon disulfide (CS2), carbon oxysulfide (COS), thiophene (C4H4S), mercaptans, etc. The authors of the article carried out a study to determine the content of organic sulfur compounds in the original and purified coke oven gas, as well as the contribution of these substances to sulfur dioxide emissions from the smokestacs of coke oven batteries. The calculation has been performed of the additional volume of sulfur dioxide, which is formed due to the combustion of organosulfur compounds of coke oven gas during its combustion in the heating system of coke ovens. It has been found that under the condition of complete conversion of organic sulfur compounds into sulfur dioxide during the combustion of coke oven gas in the heating system of coke ovens, the concentration of sulfur dioxide in flue gases can be approximately 25.0-35.0 mg/m3 (in recount on 5 % oxygen content in flue gases). It has been also shown that the share of emissions of the sulfur dioxide formed as a result of the combustion of hydrogen sulfide in coke oven gas is 90-95 %, and that formed as a result of combustion of the organic sulfur compounds is 5-10 %, even if they are completely transformed into the sulfur dioxide. It has been concluded that it is legitimate to calculate the volume of sulfur dioxide emissions based on the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in purified coke oven gas, supplied as an energy carrier to the heating system of coke ovens.
{"title":"ORGANOSULFUR COMPOUNDS OF COKE OVEN GAS AND THEIR CONTRIBUTION TO EMISSIONS OF SULFUR DIOXIDE FROM THE SMOKESTACKS OF COKE BATTERIES","authors":"A. Martynova, O. S. Malysh, V. A. Saraeva, I. N. Palval","doi":"10.31081/1681-309X-2020-0-6-12-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31081/1681-309X-2020-0-6-12-17","url":null,"abstract":"The article touches upon the problem of cleaning of the coke oven gas from sulfur compounds, which is relevant in connection with the requirements for reducing of the sulfur dioxide emissions into the atmosphere and ensuring of the environmental safety of production in general. At present, the sulfur dioxide emissions from coke-chemical plants account for about 20 % of the total emissions of pollutants from coke ovens and are calculated from the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in coke oven gas after its purification before feeding to coke oven batteries heating systems. However, in addition to hydrogen sulfide, coke oven gas also contains organosulfur compounds such as carbon disulfide (CS2), carbon oxysulfide (COS), thiophene (C4H4S), mercaptans, etc. The authors of the article carried out a study to determine the content of organic sulfur compounds in the original and purified coke oven gas, as well as the contribution of these substances to sulfur dioxide emissions from the smokestacs of coke oven batteries. The calculation has been performed of the additional volume of sulfur dioxide, which is formed due to the combustion of organosulfur compounds of coke oven gas during its combustion in the heating system of coke ovens. It has been found that under the condition of complete conversion of organic sulfur compounds into sulfur dioxide during the combustion of coke oven gas in the heating system of coke ovens, the concentration of sulfur dioxide in flue gases can be approximately 25.0-35.0 mg/m3 (in recount on 5 % oxygen content in flue gases). It has been also shown that the share of emissions of the sulfur dioxide formed as a result of the combustion of hydrogen sulfide in coke oven gas is 90-95 %, and that formed as a result of combustion of the organic sulfur compounds is 5-10 %, even if they are completely transformed into the sulfur dioxide. It has been concluded that it is legitimate to calculate the volume of sulfur dioxide emissions based on the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in purified coke oven gas, supplied as an energy carrier to the heating system of coke ovens.","PeriodicalId":296617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Coal Chemistry","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117336486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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