Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/DEIV.2016.7748715
D. Feng, S. Xiu, Yi Wang, Ting Wang, Zixi Liu
In a drawn vacuum arc, the arc column would form just after the rupture of the molten metal bridge. The initial arc would have a significant influence on the subsequent arcing process. In this paper, arc ignition modes for drawn vacuum arc were investigated experimentally by using a demountable vacuum chamber with peak currents up to 25kA. Axial Magnetic Field (AMF) was studied and compared with our previous research for Transverse Magnetic Field (TMF) contacts. By using a high-speed charge-coupled device (CCD) video camera, multiple-point arc ignition (MPAI) mode was observed for arc with AMF contacts. The relationship between arc ignition mode and the initial arc transition stage was studied, and the influence of arc ignition modes on the following arcing process was also investigated. It was found that the impact of arc ignition modes was more obvious for arc with TMF contacts, which would affect the arc rotation to some degree. For arc with AMF contacts, the arc ignition mode would mainly affect the initial arc expansion process.
{"title":"Investigation of arc ignition modes for drawn vacuum arc with axial magnetic field (AMF)","authors":"D. Feng, S. Xiu, Yi Wang, Ting Wang, Zixi Liu","doi":"10.1109/DEIV.2016.7748715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DEIV.2016.7748715","url":null,"abstract":"In a drawn vacuum arc, the arc column would form just after the rupture of the molten metal bridge. The initial arc would have a significant influence on the subsequent arcing process. In this paper, arc ignition modes for drawn vacuum arc were investigated experimentally by using a demountable vacuum chamber with peak currents up to 25kA. Axial Magnetic Field (AMF) was studied and compared with our previous research for Transverse Magnetic Field (TMF) contacts. By using a high-speed charge-coupled device (CCD) video camera, multiple-point arc ignition (MPAI) mode was observed for arc with AMF contacts. The relationship between arc ignition mode and the initial arc transition stage was studied, and the influence of arc ignition modes on the following arcing process was also investigated. It was found that the impact of arc ignition modes was more obvious for arc with TMF contacts, which would affect the arc rotation to some degree. For arc with AMF contacts, the arc ignition mode would mainly affect the initial arc expansion process.","PeriodicalId":296641,"journal":{"name":"2016 27th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (ISDEIV)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124987563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/DEIV.2016.7748726
R. Methling, S. Popov, A. Batrakov, D. Uhrlandt
Dynamics of the anode spot generation in the initial stage of vacuum arc with a short gap with gallium-indium liquid-metal electrodes was investigated. Using a spectrometer combined with an intensified CCD camera, spatial and spatio-spectral pattern of plasma emission from the discharge gap were registered with a temporal resolution of 10 ns. Generation of the anode flare begins with the intensive evaporation of anode material in the spark (high-voltage) stage of the discharge. In this period, only lines of neutral atoms are present in the spectrum measured at anode position although higher charge states can be found in the cathode spectra. Intensive ionization of anode flare atoms starts when the discharge changes from the spark to an arc (low-voltage) stage. Lines of single and double charged ions consistently appear in the spectrum. At the subsequent expansion of anode flare, the highest expansion velocity was observed for double charged ion lines, and the lowest one was found for neutral atoms. Expansion velocity was increasing with increasing a voltage and current.
{"title":"Spectrally and spatially resolved imaging of an anode flare in the initial stage of a vacuum arc discharge","authors":"R. Methling, S. Popov, A. Batrakov, D. Uhrlandt","doi":"10.1109/DEIV.2016.7748726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DEIV.2016.7748726","url":null,"abstract":"Dynamics of the anode spot generation in the initial stage of vacuum arc with a short gap with gallium-indium liquid-metal electrodes was investigated. Using a spectrometer combined with an intensified CCD camera, spatial and spatio-spectral pattern of plasma emission from the discharge gap were registered with a temporal resolution of 10 ns. Generation of the anode flare begins with the intensive evaporation of anode material in the spark (high-voltage) stage of the discharge. In this period, only lines of neutral atoms are present in the spectrum measured at anode position although higher charge states can be found in the cathode spectra. Intensive ionization of anode flare atoms starts when the discharge changes from the spark to an arc (low-voltage) stage. Lines of single and double charged ions consistently appear in the spectrum. At the subsequent expansion of anode flare, the highest expansion velocity was observed for double charged ion lines, and the lowest one was found for neutral atoms. Expansion velocity was increasing with increasing a voltage and current.","PeriodicalId":296641,"journal":{"name":"2016 27th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (ISDEIV)","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116771518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/DEIV.2016.7748750
I. Uimanov, D. Shmelev, S. Barengolts
Semiempirical hydrodynamical model has been developed to describe the formation of a microcrater and liquid-metal jets in vacuum arc on CuCr cathode with chrome particles that are both, larger or smaller than microcrater within the two-dimensional axisymmetric problem formulation. This model includes Navier-Stokes equations for viscous incompressible liquid with free surface, thermal conductivity equation that considers heat convection and Joule heating, and continuity equation for calculation of current density distribution in the cathode. It was shown that the diameter of elementary crater in homogeneous Cr cathode is equal to 3-7 μm when the time of current flow through cathode binding area is equal to 20-60 ns within current range of elementary cell of cathode spot that is 1.5-7 A. Due to relatively low thermal conductivity of chrome the effect of Cr particle size on crater parameters is significant only if their size comparable with crater diameter. If particle size is larger than the diameter of molten area at least by 0.5 μm, space-time characteristics of crater formation process are identical to that of the Cr homogenous cathode. If initial size of chrome particle is smaller than the radius of forming crater, the chrome is pressed out of the crater.
{"title":"Model of the formation of an elementary crater on the cucr cathode of a vacuum interrupters","authors":"I. Uimanov, D. Shmelev, S. Barengolts","doi":"10.1109/DEIV.2016.7748750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DEIV.2016.7748750","url":null,"abstract":"Semiempirical hydrodynamical model has been developed to describe the formation of a microcrater and liquid-metal jets in vacuum arc on CuCr cathode with chrome particles that are both, larger or smaller than microcrater within the two-dimensional axisymmetric problem formulation. This model includes Navier-Stokes equations for viscous incompressible liquid with free surface, thermal conductivity equation that considers heat convection and Joule heating, and continuity equation for calculation of current density distribution in the cathode. It was shown that the diameter of elementary crater in homogeneous Cr cathode is equal to 3-7 μm when the time of current flow through cathode binding area is equal to 20-60 ns within current range of elementary cell of cathode spot that is 1.5-7 A. Due to relatively low thermal conductivity of chrome the effect of Cr particle size on crater parameters is significant only if their size comparable with crater diameter. If particle size is larger than the diameter of molten area at least by 0.5 μm, space-time characteristics of crater formation process are identical to that of the Cr homogenous cathode. If initial size of chrome particle is smaller than the radius of forming crater, the chrome is pressed out of the crater.","PeriodicalId":296641,"journal":{"name":"2016 27th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (ISDEIV)","volume":"36 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114038413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/DEIV.2016.7764010
T. Heinz, P. Hock, V. Hinrichsen
Investigations on direct current (DC) circuit breakers (CB) become more and more important. The major challenges of DC CBs compared to alternating current (AC) CBs are the lack of a natural current zero and the required absorption of the energy in the system. With an artificial current zero created by a parallel commutation path a vacuum interrupter (VI) can handle this duty. The commutation path has an important influence on the current interruption. Typically, a current zero impulse (CZI) is generated by an RLC circuit and is superimposed in opposite direction of the DC in the VI. Therefore, the capacitor in the RLC circuit is charged inversely to the VI voltage. By charging the capacitor in the same direction, the first half wave of the current impulse flows in the same direction and is added to the DC in the VI. As a result, the capacitor voltage changes polarity and now superimposes a CZI in the opposite direction. In this paper the influence of the CZI direction on the interruption performance of a VI is investigated. Furthermore, an alternative arrangement of the commutation circuit that generates a saw tooth-shaped CZI is presented and compared with the sinusoidal one.
对直流断路器的研究变得越来越重要。与交流(AC) CBs相比，直流CBs的主要挑战是缺乏自然电流零点和系统中所需的能量吸收。通过并联换流路径产生的人工电流零，真空灭流器(VI)可以处理这一任务。换相路径对电流中断有重要影响。通常情况下，RLC电路产生电流零脉冲(current zero impulse, CZI)，与VI中的直流反向叠加，因此RLC电路中的电容与VI电压反向充电。通过向同一方向对电容器充电，电流脉冲的前半波向同一方向流动，并在VI中加入DC。因此，电容器电压改变极性，现在叠加一个相反方向的CZI。本文研究了CZI方向对VI中断性能的影响。此外，还提出了一种可产生锯齿形CZI的换相电路布置，并与正弦换相电路进行了比较。
{"title":"Comparison of artificial current zero impulses for a vacuum interrupter based direct current circuit breaker","authors":"T. Heinz, P. Hock, V. Hinrichsen","doi":"10.1109/DEIV.2016.7764010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DEIV.2016.7764010","url":null,"abstract":"Investigations on direct current (DC) circuit breakers (CB) become more and more important. The major challenges of DC CBs compared to alternating current (AC) CBs are the lack of a natural current zero and the required absorption of the energy in the system. With an artificial current zero created by a parallel commutation path a vacuum interrupter (VI) can handle this duty. The commutation path has an important influence on the current interruption. Typically, a current zero impulse (CZI) is generated by an RLC circuit and is superimposed in opposite direction of the DC in the VI. Therefore, the capacitor in the RLC circuit is charged inversely to the VI voltage. By charging the capacitor in the same direction, the first half wave of the current impulse flows in the same direction and is added to the DC in the VI. As a result, the capacitor voltage changes polarity and now superimposes a CZI in the opposite direction. In this paper the influence of the CZI direction on the interruption performance of a VI is investigated. Furthermore, an alternative arrangement of the commutation circuit that generates a saw tooth-shaped CZI is presented and compared with the sinusoidal one.","PeriodicalId":296641,"journal":{"name":"2016 27th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (ISDEIV)","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122412629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/DEIV.2016.7748741
Li Jing, Yang Guang, Cui Ziwei, Cao Yundong, Fan Xiaomin
Arc breaking at the function of large current is one of the bottlenecks for the development of vacuum breaker to higher voltage level and it is also the hotspot nowadays. Seen from the reasons of arc igniting and its influencing factors, arc-before process from the contacts separating to stable arc igniting is the base of arc research. Arc-before process model of vacuum circuit breaker is developed here based on gas dynamic equation. Its breaking current is 20kA and clearance is 10mm. Collisions between charged particles and metal vapor and electrodes are considered in the simulation. The physical nature of the sheath and arc column's formation, the space charge densities and their effects on electric field strength before the steady state of arc plasma are simulated here. The simulations in this paper lay the foundations for depth understanding of vacuum arc plasma's formation mechanism and it also improves people's knowledge of arc igniting process which will benefit for exploring effective method to control and quench arc.
{"title":"Simulation on dynamic arc-before process of large current vacuum breaking","authors":"Li Jing, Yang Guang, Cui Ziwei, Cao Yundong, Fan Xiaomin","doi":"10.1109/DEIV.2016.7748741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DEIV.2016.7748741","url":null,"abstract":"Arc breaking at the function of large current is one of the bottlenecks for the development of vacuum breaker to higher voltage level and it is also the hotspot nowadays. Seen from the reasons of arc igniting and its influencing factors, arc-before process from the contacts separating to stable arc igniting is the base of arc research. Arc-before process model of vacuum circuit breaker is developed here based on gas dynamic equation. Its breaking current is 20kA and clearance is 10mm. Collisions between charged particles and metal vapor and electrodes are considered in the simulation. The physical nature of the sheath and arc column's formation, the space charge densities and their effects on electric field strength before the steady state of arc plasma are simulated here. The simulations in this paper lay the foundations for depth understanding of vacuum arc plasma's formation mechanism and it also improves people's knowledge of arc igniting process which will benefit for exploring effective method to control and quench arc.","PeriodicalId":296641,"journal":{"name":"2016 27th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (ISDEIV)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122724988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/DEIV.2016.7763994
Yushan Hou, Z. Shi, Sheng Li, Yingkui Zhang, J. Bai, S. Jia, Lijun Wang
In recent years high-speed electromagnetic repulsion mechanism (ERM), which is produced based on the eddy-current effect, has been widely applied to vacuum circuit breakers. One of the challenges for the design of ERM is to improve the speed of ERM by optimization design. In this paper, a novel co-simulation model is proposed. The related electromagnetic field, mechanical field and structural field of ERM have been analyzed through co-simulation. Results show that achieving separation in a few milliseconds is possible. Besides, considering the metal plate, as a driver of frequent operation, is possible to reach its mechanic limit, the stress and the strain of it are analyzed. In addition, according to the parametric analysis, the relationship between improving speed and optimizing parameters, e.g., the turns of the coil, the structural size, the storing form of energy and the initial gap are investigated.
{"title":"Co-simulation on the optimization design of high-speed electromagnetic repulsion mechanism of vacuum circuit breaker","authors":"Yushan Hou, Z. Shi, Sheng Li, Yingkui Zhang, J. Bai, S. Jia, Lijun Wang","doi":"10.1109/DEIV.2016.7763994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DEIV.2016.7763994","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years high-speed electromagnetic repulsion mechanism (ERM), which is produced based on the eddy-current effect, has been widely applied to vacuum circuit breakers. One of the challenges for the design of ERM is to improve the speed of ERM by optimization design. In this paper, a novel co-simulation model is proposed. The related electromagnetic field, mechanical field and structural field of ERM have been analyzed through co-simulation. Results show that achieving separation in a few milliseconds is possible. Besides, considering the metal plate, as a driver of frequent operation, is possible to reach its mechanic limit, the stress and the strain of it are analyzed. In addition, according to the parametric analysis, the relationship between improving speed and optimizing parameters, e.g., the turns of the coil, the structural size, the storing form of energy and the initial gap are investigated.","PeriodicalId":296641,"journal":{"name":"2016 27th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (ISDEIV)","volume":"883 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123036015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/DEIV.2016.7748731
M. Abplanalp, K. Menzel, T. Delachaux, R. Sutterlin, F. Kassubek
The optical investigation of arcs in transverse magnetic field (TMF) vacuum interrupters is difficult due to the strong motion of the constricted arc in the magnetic field. In order to determine a first estimate of temperature and pressure distribution in such arcs, a non-moving constricted arc is created in a dedicated test geometry with two pin electrodes. Dimensions and currents in this setup are very similar to the TMF case; the arc is mostly cylinder symmetric. The plasma temperature for a plane inside the cathode jet is deduced from spatially resolved optical emission spectroscopy: Using an in-house code the expected spectrum from an arc of given profile is computed taking into account known emission lines in the observation window and (self) absorption. With this the arc profile can be fitted to the experimental spectrum. We find typical peak temperatures around 25 kK, the pressure depends on the current (e.g. 7 bar for 30 kA peak). Furthermore, spatial profiles of temperature and pressure are given.
{"title":"Optical investigation of constricted vacuum arcs","authors":"M. Abplanalp, K. Menzel, T. Delachaux, R. Sutterlin, F. Kassubek","doi":"10.1109/DEIV.2016.7748731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DEIV.2016.7748731","url":null,"abstract":"The optical investigation of arcs in transverse magnetic field (TMF) vacuum interrupters is difficult due to the strong motion of the constricted arc in the magnetic field. In order to determine a first estimate of temperature and pressure distribution in such arcs, a non-moving constricted arc is created in a dedicated test geometry with two pin electrodes. Dimensions and currents in this setup are very similar to the TMF case; the arc is mostly cylinder symmetric. The plasma temperature for a plane inside the cathode jet is deduced from spatially resolved optical emission spectroscopy: Using an in-house code the expected spectrum from an arc of given profile is computed taking into account known emission lines in the observation window and (self) absorption. With this the arc profile can be fitted to the experimental spectrum. We find typical peak temperatures around 25 kK, the pressure depends on the current (e.g. 7 bar for 30 kA peak). Furthermore, spatial profiles of temperature and pressure are given.","PeriodicalId":296641,"journal":{"name":"2016 27th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (ISDEIV)","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121868475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/DEIV.2016.7763970
K. Golde, V. Hinrichsen, D. Gentsch, A. Lawall, E. Taylor
In combination with high temperature superconductive (HTS) equipment (e.g. current limiters) or in HTS subnets, which constitute a possible option for increasing the overall efficiency of electrical power distribution systems, only vacuum interrupters can be used directly in the liquid nitrogen environment. This would, however, be desirable for economic reasons. Circuit breakers and switches, respectively, are necessary to configure the network, and they should preferably be installed in the cold environment in order to avoid unnecessary transitions between the cold and the warm environment. In this investigation two commercially available vacuum interrupter (VI) types from two different manufacturers were investigated at ambient temperature and in liquid nitrogen. The breaking current was increased until an insulation of the transient recovery voltage (TRV) was not possible anymore. All tests were performed on two different types of vacuum interrupters, but installed in the same switchgear. The short circuit performance did not show any significant change in the liquid nitrogen environment. This paper also offers an outline of future tests needed to validate the use of VIs at low temperatures.
{"title":"Short-circuit current interruption in liquid nitrogen environment","authors":"K. Golde, V. Hinrichsen, D. Gentsch, A. Lawall, E. Taylor","doi":"10.1109/DEIV.2016.7763970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DEIV.2016.7763970","url":null,"abstract":"In combination with high temperature superconductive (HTS) equipment (e.g. current limiters) or in HTS subnets, which constitute a possible option for increasing the overall efficiency of electrical power distribution systems, only vacuum interrupters can be used directly in the liquid nitrogen environment. This would, however, be desirable for economic reasons. Circuit breakers and switches, respectively, are necessary to configure the network, and they should preferably be installed in the cold environment in order to avoid unnecessary transitions between the cold and the warm environment. In this investigation two commercially available vacuum interrupter (VI) types from two different manufacturers were investigated at ambient temperature and in liquid nitrogen. The breaking current was increased until an insulation of the transient recovery voltage (TRV) was not possible anymore. All tests were performed on two different types of vacuum interrupters, but installed in the same switchgear. The short circuit performance did not show any significant change in the liquid nitrogen environment. This paper also offers an outline of future tests needed to validate the use of VIs at low temperatures.","PeriodicalId":296641,"journal":{"name":"2016 27th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (ISDEIV)","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133658273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/DEIV.2016.7763940
Zheng Wang
The objective of this paper is to study how big an electrode is needed for 31.5kA short-circuit breaking capacity at high voltage ratings. First, three types of π65mm electrodes are created with AMF density and contact gap enhanced step by step, and their models are established. Then the AMF density and distribution on each contact surface and intermediate plane at kA peak current are simulated by using finite element software Maxwell 3D; their effective area A and utilization U are calculated with critical AMF density of 4mT/kA. Finally, based on the achieved 31.5kA effective area A0 at 12kV, the needed electrode diameter at high voltage ratings is obtained.
{"title":"AMF electrode diameter simulation for HV vacuum interrupter","authors":"Zheng Wang","doi":"10.1109/DEIV.2016.7763940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DEIV.2016.7763940","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this paper is to study how big an electrode is needed for 31.5kA short-circuit breaking capacity at high voltage ratings. First, three types of π65mm electrodes are created with AMF density and contact gap enhanced step by step, and their models are established. Then the AMF density and distribution on each contact surface and intermediate plane at kA peak current are simulated by using finite element software Maxwell 3D; their effective area A and utilization U are calculated with critical AMF density of 4mT/kA. Finally, based on the achieved 31.5kA effective area A0 at 12kV, the needed electrode diameter at high voltage ratings is obtained.","PeriodicalId":296641,"journal":{"name":"2016 27th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (ISDEIV)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115233903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Restrike caused by interrupting capacitor banks with vacuum circuit breakers will lead to severe switching overvoltage, which may cause great damage to power system. Reducing the probability of restrike during capacitive current breaking is the ultimate solution to limit overvoltage. In this paper, a new design of vacuum circuit breaker with a very low probability of restrike is proposed based on the analysis of restrike mechanism. A kind of vacuum circuit breaker with two breaks is presented, to carry out the duty of capacitor bank switching, and further meet the requirement of class C2 in IEC terms. A capacitive current switching test circuit is developed, which consisted of a high frequency inrush current circuit and a power frequency circuit, to perform back-to-back capacitor banks switching test. The test results show that two-break vacuum circuit breakers can reduce the probability of restrike significantly; short-circuit making and breaking capacity of the vacuum circuit breakers is validated by synthetic test. The optimum value of the shunt grading capacitor is determined to ensure the stress of each break is approximately equal.
{"title":"Research on 40.5kV two-break vacuum circuit breaker for switching capacitor banks","authors":"Tong Wang, Jing Yan, Xiaoshe Zhai, Zhiyuan Liu, Yingsan Geng, Yuxiu Chen","doi":"10.1109/DEIV.2016.7763999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DEIV.2016.7763999","url":null,"abstract":"Restrike caused by interrupting capacitor banks with vacuum circuit breakers will lead to severe switching overvoltage, which may cause great damage to power system. Reducing the probability of restrike during capacitive current breaking is the ultimate solution to limit overvoltage. In this paper, a new design of vacuum circuit breaker with a very low probability of restrike is proposed based on the analysis of restrike mechanism. A kind of vacuum circuit breaker with two breaks is presented, to carry out the duty of capacitor bank switching, and further meet the requirement of class C2 in IEC terms. A capacitive current switching test circuit is developed, which consisted of a high frequency inrush current circuit and a power frequency circuit, to perform back-to-back capacitor banks switching test. The test results show that two-break vacuum circuit breakers can reduce the probability of restrike significantly; short-circuit making and breaking capacity of the vacuum circuit breakers is validated by synthetic test. The optimum value of the shunt grading capacitor is determined to ensure the stress of each break is approximately equal.","PeriodicalId":296641,"journal":{"name":"2016 27th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (ISDEIV)","volume":"208 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114394701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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