Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/DEIV.2016.7763982
E. Taylor, A. Lawall, P. Slade
Vacuum interrupters are required to perform a wide variety of roles within vacuum circuit breakers. One duty is to pass short-circuit currents with the vacuum interrupters' contacts closed for a period of time (1 to 4 seconds), after which the circuit breaker's mechanism must be able to open the contacts, Thus the possibility of contact welding must be minimized. The flow of current through practical contacts generates a repulsive blow-off force, which has to be balanced by a closing force from the circuit breaker mechanism plus the force from atmospheric pressure acting on the vacuum interrupter's bellows. The magnitude of the applied closing force is an important parameter in a vacuum circuit breaker's design. Axial magnetic field (AMF) vacuum interrupters have an additional attractive force because of the parallel currents flowing in the two AMF coils. This force is calculated using three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA) for practical AMF designs using contact diameters ranging from 62-100 mm. These results are then compared to two dimensional FEA models and analytic formulas, including the effect of the current frequency on the results (DC vs. 50 Hz). These attractive forces can then be combined with the other forces acting on the closed vacuum interrupter contacts to calculate the threshold welding current: the current above which the contacts will form a weld. Calculations of the total closing force compare the difference in the threshold welding current between AMF and other VI contact designs.
真空断路器需要在真空断路器中扮演各种各样的角色。其中一个任务是在真空灭弧的触点闭合一段时间(1至4秒)后通过短路电流，之后断路器的机构必须能够打开触点，因此触点焊接的可能性必须降到最低。通过实际触点的电流产生排斥性吹断力，该力必须由断路器机构的闭合力加上真空断路器波纹管上的大气压力力来平衡。施加合闸力的大小是真空断路器设计中的一个重要参数。轴向磁场(AMF)真空灭弧由于在两个AMF线圈中平行流动的电流而具有额外的吸引力。该力是使用三维有限元分析(FEA)计算的实际AMF设计使用接触直径范围从62-100毫米。然后将这些结果与二维有限元模型和解析公式进行比较，包括电流频率对结果的影响(DC vs. 50 Hz)。然后，这些吸引力可以与作用在闭合真空灭弧触点上的其他力相结合，以计算阈值焊接电流:触点将形成焊缝的电流。计算总闭合力，比较AMF和其他VI触点设计的阈值焊接电流的差异。
{"title":"Model for the welding of axial magnetic field vacuum interrupter contacts","authors":"E. Taylor, A. Lawall, P. Slade","doi":"10.1109/DEIV.2016.7763982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DEIV.2016.7763982","url":null,"abstract":"Vacuum interrupters are required to perform a wide variety of roles within vacuum circuit breakers. One duty is to pass short-circuit currents with the vacuum interrupters' contacts closed for a period of time (1 to 4 seconds), after which the circuit breaker's mechanism must be able to open the contacts, Thus the possibility of contact welding must be minimized. The flow of current through practical contacts generates a repulsive blow-off force, which has to be balanced by a closing force from the circuit breaker mechanism plus the force from atmospheric pressure acting on the vacuum interrupter's bellows. The magnitude of the applied closing force is an important parameter in a vacuum circuit breaker's design. Axial magnetic field (AMF) vacuum interrupters have an additional attractive force because of the parallel currents flowing in the two AMF coils. This force is calculated using three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA) for practical AMF designs using contact diameters ranging from 62-100 mm. These results are then compared to two dimensional FEA models and analytic formulas, including the effect of the current frequency on the results (DC vs. 50 Hz). These attractive forces can then be combined with the other forces acting on the closed vacuum interrupter contacts to calculate the threshold welding current: the current above which the contacts will form a weld. Calculations of the total closing force compare the difference in the threshold welding current between AMF and other VI contact designs.","PeriodicalId":296641,"journal":{"name":"2016 27th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (ISDEIV)","volume":"155 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122862683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/DEIV.2016.7748722
Dingge Yang, S. Jia, Lijun Wang, Z. Shi
It is well known that the anode melting in high-current vacuum arc (HCVA) can lead to the increase of metal vapor density and liquid droplets around current zero and even the interruption failure. In our previous experiments of cup-shaped axial magnetic field (AMF) contacts, the obvious clockwise swirl flow of liquid copper on anode surface was detected if no external AMF was imposed. In order to clarify the influence of AMF on the anode melting mode in HCVA, a Helmholtz coil was introduced to generate different external imposed AMF which could change the AMF in arc column and a series of experiments were conducted. It was found that the anode melting was weakened and finally disappeared if an increasing homodromous AMF with respect to the AMF generated by the contacts was imposed externally. However, if a reverse AMF was imposed, an anticlockwise swirl flow of liquid copper was detected on the anode surface. The swirl flow is a main source of metal vapor and liquid droplets in HCVA, which is an inducement of arc reignition. The observed phenomenon indicates that the AMF has important influence on the performance of anode melting.
{"title":"Investigation on the influence of axial magnetic field on anode melting in high-current vacuum arc","authors":"Dingge Yang, S. Jia, Lijun Wang, Z. Shi","doi":"10.1109/DEIV.2016.7748722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DEIV.2016.7748722","url":null,"abstract":"It is well known that the anode melting in high-current vacuum arc (HCVA) can lead to the increase of metal vapor density and liquid droplets around current zero and even the interruption failure. In our previous experiments of cup-shaped axial magnetic field (AMF) contacts, the obvious clockwise swirl flow of liquid copper on anode surface was detected if no external AMF was imposed. In order to clarify the influence of AMF on the anode melting mode in HCVA, a Helmholtz coil was introduced to generate different external imposed AMF which could change the AMF in arc column and a series of experiments were conducted. It was found that the anode melting was weakened and finally disappeared if an increasing homodromous AMF with respect to the AMF generated by the contacts was imposed externally. However, if a reverse AMF was imposed, an anticlockwise swirl flow of liquid copper was detected on the anode surface. The swirl flow is a main source of metal vapor and liquid droplets in HCVA, which is an inducement of arc reignition. The observed phenomenon indicates that the AMF has important influence on the performance of anode melting.","PeriodicalId":296641,"journal":{"name":"2016 27th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (ISDEIV)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121914752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/DEIV.2016.7763949
Hou Chunguang, Wang Jinjin, Han Ying, Cao Yundong, Cao Yuchen
Using finite element simulation method to carry a comparative analysis of the repulsion mechanism and permanent magnetic mechanism, come to the conclusion that the repulsion mechanism has the advantage of rapidity;Aiming at the problem of high speed easy to cause instability, presenting a design of adding coil and repulsion chassis on the basis of the original repulsion mechanism, and optimizing the material of the repulsion chassis;On the basis of this, the experimental prototype is designed and manufactured, and a number of switch test is conducted, measuring the breaking time of each break-barking test and compared with the simulation results to verify the accuracy of the simulation results; The time dispersion of the break-brake is calculated, verifying the high stability of the novel repulsion mechanism.
{"title":"Design and research of high stability repulsion mechanism of 12kV vacuum circuit breaker","authors":"Hou Chunguang, Wang Jinjin, Han Ying, Cao Yundong, Cao Yuchen","doi":"10.1109/DEIV.2016.7763949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DEIV.2016.7763949","url":null,"abstract":"Using finite element simulation method to carry a comparative analysis of the repulsion mechanism and permanent magnetic mechanism, come to the conclusion that the repulsion mechanism has the advantage of rapidity;Aiming at the problem of high speed easy to cause instability, presenting a design of adding coil and repulsion chassis on the basis of the original repulsion mechanism, and optimizing the material of the repulsion chassis;On the basis of this, the experimental prototype is designed and manufactured, and a number of switch test is conducted, measuring the breaking time of each break-barking test and compared with the simulation results to verify the accuracy of the simulation results; The time dispersion of the break-brake is calculated, verifying the high stability of the novel repulsion mechanism.","PeriodicalId":296641,"journal":{"name":"2016 27th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (ISDEIV)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128448393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/DEIV.2016.7763969
Kai Hencken, T. Kaufman, D. Gentsch, T. Delachaux
Vacuum Interrupters (VIs) rely strongly on the vacuum level to be below 10-2Pa to be able to operate safely. The vacuum status is normally tested during production to be well below this level (typically below 10-5Pa) and then assumed to be sealed for life (fixed at 30 years). With a larger number of vacuum interrupters now reaching their end of life, there is a renewed interest in assessing their vacuum status in the field. The magnetron gauge principle can be applied for this. The basis for the principle is the formation of an electron trap by electric and magnetic fields across the VI. This article investigates the measurement principle using different modeling and simulation approaches. This allows getting insight into the working principle. Some basic design properties can be understood from the electron orbits. More important is the formation of a closed magnetic trap, which is investigated using an effective potential. More detailed calculations are done using a particle-in-cell approach. This allows the calculation of the build-up of the space charge of the electrons inside the trap, as well as the position and total numbers of electrons trapped. With this, one can determine the proportionality constant between the electrical current measured and the particle density in the VI. A comparison of the outcome of these simulations to own experimental findings and to results found in the literature is finally done.
{"title":"Modeling and simulation of magnetron discharges inside a vacuum interrupter as a method to analyze the vacuum status","authors":"Kai Hencken, T. Kaufman, D. Gentsch, T. Delachaux","doi":"10.1109/DEIV.2016.7763969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DEIV.2016.7763969","url":null,"abstract":"Vacuum Interrupters (VIs) rely strongly on the vacuum level to be below 10-2Pa to be able to operate safely. The vacuum status is normally tested during production to be well below this level (typically below 10-5Pa) and then assumed to be sealed for life (fixed at 30 years). With a larger number of vacuum interrupters now reaching their end of life, there is a renewed interest in assessing their vacuum status in the field. The magnetron gauge principle can be applied for this. The basis for the principle is the formation of an electron trap by electric and magnetic fields across the VI. This article investigates the measurement principle using different modeling and simulation approaches. This allows getting insight into the working principle. Some basic design properties can be understood from the electron orbits. More important is the formation of a closed magnetic trap, which is investigated using an effective potential. More detailed calculations are done using a particle-in-cell approach. This allows the calculation of the build-up of the space charge of the electrons inside the trap, as well as the position and total numbers of electrons trapped. With this, one can determine the proportionality constant between the electrical current measured and the particle density in the VI. A comparison of the outcome of these simulations to own experimental findings and to results found in the literature is finally done.","PeriodicalId":296641,"journal":{"name":"2016 27th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (ISDEIV)","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128338308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/DEIV.2016.7748714
I. Beilis
A model of vacuum arc cathode spot motion in a magnetic field which obliquely intercepts the cathode surface was developed. The model takes in account an electrical force generated by spot motion across the normal component of the magnetic field, which accelerates plasma in the direction of the opening of the acute angle. A relation between the drift angle (between the retrograde direction and the cathode spot motion) and the acute angle formed by the intersection of the magnetic field lines with the cathode surface, was developed. The dependencies of the drift angle on the acute angle and magnetic field strength measured in Robson's experiment were analyzed.
{"title":"A model of vacuum arc cathode spot motion in an oblique magnetic field","authors":"I. Beilis","doi":"10.1109/DEIV.2016.7748714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DEIV.2016.7748714","url":null,"abstract":"A model of vacuum arc cathode spot motion in a magnetic field which obliquely intercepts the cathode surface was developed. The model takes in account an electrical force generated by spot motion across the normal component of the magnetic field, which accelerates plasma in the direction of the opening of the acute angle. A relation between the drift angle (between the retrograde direction and the cathode spot motion) and the acute angle formed by the intersection of the magnetic field lines with the cathode surface, was developed. The dependencies of the drift angle on the acute angle and magnetic field strength measured in Robson's experiment were analyzed.","PeriodicalId":296641,"journal":{"name":"2016 27th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (ISDEIV)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129919322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/DEIV.2016.7763985
Cao Yuchen, Li Shuxin, Li Jing, Sun Peng
The synchronization breaking technology which is leading in the vacuum circuit breaker has got general concern in electrical apparatus industry, and the dispersion of each single phase interrupter and operating mechanism parameters is one of the most important influencing factors. Based on this, a new structure with three-phase vacuum interrupter in the same chamber was proposed in this paper, and so as to make the research of the concrete structure design which has applied for a invention patent. In this paper, the entirety structure design of the new rotation disc vacuum interrupter has been studied based on the electric field numerical simulation of the three-dimensional entire field. Aiming at the problem that the structure of the conductor poles in the center of the vacuum interrupter is too compact, the researches on the distribution of electric field and the insulation structure rationality have been studied. Aiming at the contact structure of the new rotation breaking and the design feature of the new arc type shielding case, the researches on structure design of contact and new arc type shielding case have been studied based on electric field analysis. The researches show that the new breaker can reduce its volume while meeting the synchronization of breaking.
{"title":"Research on structure design of 12kV rotation disc vacuum interrupter","authors":"Cao Yuchen, Li Shuxin, Li Jing, Sun Peng","doi":"10.1109/DEIV.2016.7763985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DEIV.2016.7763985","url":null,"abstract":"The synchronization breaking technology which is leading in the vacuum circuit breaker has got general concern in electrical apparatus industry, and the dispersion of each single phase interrupter and operating mechanism parameters is one of the most important influencing factors. Based on this, a new structure with three-phase vacuum interrupter in the same chamber was proposed in this paper, and so as to make the research of the concrete structure design which has applied for a invention patent. In this paper, the entirety structure design of the new rotation disc vacuum interrupter has been studied based on the electric field numerical simulation of the three-dimensional entire field. Aiming at the problem that the structure of the conductor poles in the center of the vacuum interrupter is too compact, the researches on the distribution of electric field and the insulation structure rationality have been studied. Aiming at the contact structure of the new rotation breaking and the design feature of the new arc type shielding case, the researches on structure design of contact and new arc type shielding case have been studied based on electric field analysis. The researches show that the new breaker can reduce its volume while meeting the synchronization of breaking.","PeriodicalId":296641,"journal":{"name":"2016 27th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (ISDEIV)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130408046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The anode melting and erosion process has a significant effect on the interruption of a high-current vacuum arc. The objective of this paper is to theoretically investigate the mechanism of anode surface erosion caused by a combined effect of vacuum arc heating and the blow effect of arc pressure. A model of fluid flow and heat transfer of an anode region in a vacuum interrupter's high-current interruption process is developed. The results show that, under the combined effect of arc heating and arc pressure, an obvious erosion on anode surfaces was seen for peak arcing current of 20 kA. The flow of liquid metal started after 5 ms of arcing, the maximum velocity was 0.95 m/s. This flow of liquid metal on anode surfaces driven by arc plasma may redistribute the thermal energy of molten liquid metal. As a result, the maximum temperature of an anode surface did not stay in the center of an anode surface.
{"title":"Simulation of surface erosion of anode under high-current vacuum arcs","authors":"Yunbo Tian, Zhenxing Wang, Yanjun Jiang, Hui Ma, Zhiyuan Liu, Yingsan Geng, Jianhua Wang","doi":"10.1109/DEIV.2016.7748744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DEIV.2016.7748744","url":null,"abstract":"The anode melting and erosion process has a significant effect on the interruption of a high-current vacuum arc. The objective of this paper is to theoretically investigate the mechanism of anode surface erosion caused by a combined effect of vacuum arc heating and the blow effect of arc pressure. A model of fluid flow and heat transfer of an anode region in a vacuum interrupter's high-current interruption process is developed. The results show that, under the combined effect of arc heating and arc pressure, an obvious erosion on anode surfaces was seen for peak arcing current of 20 kA. The flow of liquid metal started after 5 ms of arcing, the maximum velocity was 0.95 m/s. This flow of liquid metal on anode surfaces driven by arc plasma may redistribute the thermal energy of molten liquid metal. As a result, the maximum temperature of an anode surface did not stay in the center of an anode surface.","PeriodicalId":296641,"journal":{"name":"2016 27th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (ISDEIV)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121565489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/DEIV.2016.7748733
A. Khakpour, S. Gortschakow, S. Popov, R. Methling, S. Franke, D. Uhrlandt, A. Batrakov, K. Weltmann
This paper presents the results of time and space resolved optical investigations of high-current vacuum arcs by means of video spectroscopy. Especially, the transition from the diffuse mode to constricted modes (footpoint, intense or spot mode) has been studied in dependency on the arc current and instantaneous electrode distance. The driving current pulse from a high-current generator which corresponds to the pulsed DC 10 ms was applied. Spectral lines of Cu I, Cu II, and Cu III have been analyzed for various anode modes using a combination of spectrograph and high-speed camera.
{"title":"Time and space resolved video spectroscopy of the vacuum arc during the formation of high-current anode modes","authors":"A. Khakpour, S. Gortschakow, S. Popov, R. Methling, S. Franke, D. Uhrlandt, A. Batrakov, K. Weltmann","doi":"10.1109/DEIV.2016.7748733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DEIV.2016.7748733","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results of time and space resolved optical investigations of high-current vacuum arcs by means of video spectroscopy. Especially, the transition from the diffuse mode to constricted modes (footpoint, intense or spot mode) has been studied in dependency on the arc current and instantaneous electrode distance. The driving current pulse from a high-current generator which corresponds to the pulsed DC 10 ms was applied. Spectral lines of Cu I, Cu II, and Cu III have been analyzed for various anode modes using a combination of spectrograph and high-speed camera.","PeriodicalId":296641,"journal":{"name":"2016 27th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (ISDEIV)","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127967372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/DEIV.2016.7763979
Wenqi Mao, Ting Wang, Xiaoli Duan, Yi Wang, Shuifeng Wu, S. Xiu
Vacuum interrupter(VI) is the most important part of vacuum circuit breaker(VCB). In this paper, interrupters with different fabrication technology which have been in service for several years were anatomized. The difference of shield case in the interrupters under different fabrication technology, wear phenomenon and arc erosion on contact plate were observed. Based on physical-chemical analysis, the influence of high current arcing on micro appearance of surfaces of contact plate and material composition of erosion area were studied. Scanning electron microscope combining with energy depressive spectroscopy was used to observe the surface morphology of contact plate after large current interrupting tests, and was analyzed the composition content in serious erosion area of contact plate. The results showed that after several operating years there was a melted layer exceeded 100μm thick and copper element of superficial zone was concaved down due to evaporation. Then, ingredient of attachment on shielding case and bellow were analyzed, and comparison of energy spectrum analysis between stainless bellow and brown spot on stain bellow was studied.
{"title":"Research on anatomical observation and ablation conditions of vacuum interrupter with different service years","authors":"Wenqi Mao, Ting Wang, Xiaoli Duan, Yi Wang, Shuifeng Wu, S. Xiu","doi":"10.1109/DEIV.2016.7763979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DEIV.2016.7763979","url":null,"abstract":"Vacuum interrupter(VI) is the most important part of vacuum circuit breaker(VCB). In this paper, interrupters with different fabrication technology which have been in service for several years were anatomized. The difference of shield case in the interrupters under different fabrication technology, wear phenomenon and arc erosion on contact plate were observed. Based on physical-chemical analysis, the influence of high current arcing on micro appearance of surfaces of contact plate and material composition of erosion area were studied. Scanning electron microscope combining with energy depressive spectroscopy was used to observe the surface morphology of contact plate after large current interrupting tests, and was analyzed the composition content in serious erosion area of contact plate. The results showed that after several operating years there was a melted layer exceeded 100μm thick and copper element of superficial zone was concaved down due to evaporation. Then, ingredient of attachment on shielding case and bellow were analyzed, and comparison of energy spectrum analysis between stainless bellow and brown spot on stain bellow was studied.","PeriodicalId":296641,"journal":{"name":"2016 27th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (ISDEIV)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128953458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-01DOI: 10.1109/DEIV.2016.7748677
D. Sinelnikov, D. Bulgadaryan, D. Hwangbo, S. Kajita, D. Kolodko, V. Kurnaev, N. Ohno
Studying of initial steps of unipolar arc ignition process is important for reduction of probability of arcing between the plasma and the wall in thermonuclear devices. Tungsten nano-fuzz surface formed by helium plasma irradiation at high fluences and temperatures is a perfect material for easy arc ignition. Snowflake-like craters were detected on the fuzzy surfaces after short micro-breakdowns. Such sort of craters have not been observed before on any other metallic surfaces. These specific traces are formed due to unique properties of the fuzz structure. The nano-fuzz could be easily melted and vaporized by micro-breakdown current, due to it porosity and bad thermal conductivity, and formation of low conducting metallic vapor cause discharge movement to the nearest place. Thus, even low current arc can be generated and leave traces, which could be easily observed by a optic or secondary electron microscopes.
{"title":"Vacuum breakdown from nanostructured fuzzy surfaces","authors":"D. Sinelnikov, D. Bulgadaryan, D. Hwangbo, S. Kajita, D. Kolodko, V. Kurnaev, N. Ohno","doi":"10.1109/DEIV.2016.7748677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DEIV.2016.7748677","url":null,"abstract":"Studying of initial steps of unipolar arc ignition process is important for reduction of probability of arcing between the plasma and the wall in thermonuclear devices. Tungsten nano-fuzz surface formed by helium plasma irradiation at high fluences and temperatures is a perfect material for easy arc ignition. Snowflake-like craters were detected on the fuzzy surfaces after short micro-breakdowns. Such sort of craters have not been observed before on any other metallic surfaces. These specific traces are formed due to unique properties of the fuzz structure. The nano-fuzz could be easily melted and vaporized by micro-breakdown current, due to it porosity and bad thermal conductivity, and formation of low conducting metallic vapor cause discharge movement to the nearest place. Thus, even low current arc can be generated and leave traces, which could be easily observed by a optic or secondary electron microscopes.","PeriodicalId":296641,"journal":{"name":"2016 27th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum (ISDEIV)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131083928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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