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The Situation and Perspectives of Local Economic Development in Bosnia and Herzegovina 波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那地方经济发展的现状与前景
Pub Date : 2023-12-31 DOI: 10.53028/1986-6127.2023.14.2.119
Selma Alić
Local economic development is the process through which local authorities, together with public organizations, non-governmental sector and enterprises, develop a better business environment. Modern policies of local economic development are taking on an increasingly equal role with the private sector, facilitating its development and management of business. Such policies are often developed in the form of partnerships between the public and private sectors, which aim to support private investment for the benefit of the entire social community. Local economic development has been a part of the development policy of Bosnia and Herzegovina for the last ten years. The strategic approach has enabled local communities to enter the reform processes and to adapt their capacities to the demands of the global market from the beginning. With the advent of new theoretical approaches, the foundations of the theoretical basis of local economic development were laid. The active role of the local community and the planning of economic development from the local level has enabled a different perspective and approach to the basic strategic directions of development of national economies in developed countries.
地方经济发展是地方当局与公共组织、非政府部门和企业共同发展更好的商业环境的过程。现代地方经济发展政策与私营部门发挥着越来越平等的作用,促进私营部门发展和管理企业。这些政策往往是以公共和私营部门合作的形式制定的,目的是支持私人投资,造福整个社会。 过去十年来,地方经济发展一直是波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那发展政策的一部分。这种战略方法使地方社区能够进入改革进程,并从一开始就使其能力适应全球市场的需求。 随着新理论方法的出现,奠定了地方经济发展的理论基础。地方社区的积极作用和地方一级的经济发展规划使人们能够以不同的视角和方法来看待 发达国家国民经济发展的基本战略方向。
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引用次数: 0
Administrative Dispute Within the Full Jurisdiction in Bosnia and Herzegovina - The Need and Significance 波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那完全管辖权内的行政争议--必要性和意义
Pub Date : 2023-12-31 DOI: 10.53028/1986-6127.2023.14.2.81
Emir Kadrić
Administrative and judicial oversight of the administration is one of the most important mechanisms for the protection of rights and interests of citizens and legal entities who believe that their rights have been violated by decisions and other actions of state administration bodies and other bodies and legal entities with public authority.The most important task of administrative courts is to resolve administrative disputes and decide on the rights and obligations of citizens and legal entities. The complexity of the state organization of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and thus the organization of the judiciary, makes the resolution of administrative disputes particularly complex. In this regard, the subject of this research will be the analysis of the theoretical framework related to the dispute of full jurisdiction, as well as the analysis of the applicable legal frameworks in Bosnia and Herzegovina for resolving administrative disputes in the dispute of full jurisdiction. The results of this research answer the question of whether resolving a case in a full jurisdiction administrative dispute is more effective than a legality dispute, and whether in existing laws a full jurisdiction dispute should be given priority in resolving administrative disputes.
行政部门的行政和司法监督是保护公民和法律实体权利和利益的最重要机制之一,这些公民和法律实体认为国家行政机构和其他拥有公共权力的机构和法律实体的决定和其他行动侵犯了他们的权利。行政法院最重要的任务是解决行政纠纷,并就公民和法律实体的权利和义务做出裁决。波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那国家组织的复杂性,以及司法机构组织的复杂性,使得行政争议的解决尤为复杂。在这方面,本研究的主题将是分析与完全管辖权争议有关的理论框架,以及分析波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那在完全管辖权争议中解决行政争议的适用法律框架。本研究的结果将回答以下问题:在完全管辖权行政争议中解决案件是否比合法性争议更有效,以及在现有法律中,在解决行政争议时是否应优先考虑完全管辖权争议。
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引用次数: 0
Financial Integration and Structure in Europe: A Comparative Case Study of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Slovenia 欧洲的金融一体化与结构:波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那与斯洛文尼亚的比较案例研究
Pub Date : 2023-12-31 DOI: 10.53028/1986-6127.2023.14.2.38
A. W. Aidoo, Ajla Avdibašić, Ognjen Riđić
The study measures and compares the levels of financial integration in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Slovenia between 2000 and 2020. This study aims to determine the impact of industrial index, gross domestic product per capita, trade openness, and corporate tax rate on the level of international financial integration. The statistical methods employed are unit root tests, OLS regression, the Breusch-Pagan test, and the heteroskedasticity test. For the 20-year time span and annual data for each parameter, the results have shown a significant positive correlation between gross domestic product per capita and financial integration for both countries. The results for Slovenia indicate that financial integration is negatively affected by trade openness and corporate tax rates, whereas gross domestic product per capita and industrial production index affect positively. In the case of Bosnia and Herzegovina, corporate tax rate and industrial production index affect financial integration negatively, while trade openness affect positively but insignificant with financial integration.
本研究衡量并比较了 2000 年至 2020 年期间波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那与斯洛文尼亚的金融一体化水平。本研究旨在确定工业指数、人均国内生产总值、贸易开放度和公司税率对国际金融一体化水平的影响。采用的统计方法包括单位根检验、OLS 回归、Breusch-Pagan 检验和异方差检验。对于每个参数的 20 年时间跨度和年度数据,结果表明两国的人均国内生产总值与金融一体化之间存在显著的正相关关系。斯洛文尼亚的结果表明,金融一体化受到贸易开放度和公司税率的负面影响,而人均国内生产总值和工业生产指数则受到正面影响。在波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那,公司税率和工业生产指数对金融一体化有负面影响,而贸易开放度对金融一体化有正面影响,但不显著。
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引用次数: 0
Management and Organization of the US Armed Forces (NATO Member) and the BiH Armed Forces 美国武装部队(北约成员)和波黑武装部队的管理和组织
Pub Date : 2023-12-31 DOI: 10.53028/1986-6127.2023.14.2.132
Rusmir Musa
The foundations of the organization and functioning of the modern armed forces, especially in the light of the emerging global security paradigm, have been the subject of many scientific papers in the past period. The same applies primarily to highlighting global security challenges and general assumptions related to organization, management and command and control in the system of armed forces of members of the NATO alliance with an emphasis on the US Armed Forces as the representative and most important member of the organization in question. In addition to the above, it is necessary to descriptively present possible challenges and experiences related to the present limitations in the management system of the modern armed forces, as well as perspectives, i.e. the further direction of development and the specific role of state administration bodies in a very important state and social segment. The basis of the complete elaboration within the subject scientific work is on the general characteristics of the position and functioning of the armed forces in modern democratic systems and the established organizational and management mechanisms of Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina as the only legal armed force in Bosnia and Herzegovina whose full legality and legitimacy is established within the framework of the Dayton Peace Agreement, more specifically in Article IV (Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina).
现代武装部队的组织和运作基础,特别是在新兴的全球安全范式下,是过去一段时间内许多科学论文的主题。这主要是为了突出全球安全挑战以及与北约联盟成员武装部队系统的组织、管理、指挥和控制有关的一般假设,重点是作为该组织的代表和最重要成员的美国武装部队。除上述内容外,还有必要描述现代武装部队管理系统目前存在的局限性可能带来的挑战和经验,以及前景,即进一步的发展方向和国家行政机构在一个非常重要的国家和社会部门中的具体作用。 在这一主题科学工作中进行完整阐述的基础是现代民主制度中武装部队地位和职能的一般特点,以及波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那武装部队作为波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那唯一合法武装部队的既定组织和管理机制,其完全合法性和正当性是在《代顿和平协定》框架内,更具体地说是在(《波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那宪法》)第四条中确立的。
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引用次数: 0
Sarajevo – Potential and Limitations in the Development of the City and Region 萨拉热窝--城市和地区发展的潜力与局限性
Pub Date : 2023-12-31 DOI: 10.53028/1986-6127.2023.14.2.104
Merdža Handalić Plahonjić, Fatima Kuka
Observing through the historical prism of regional development and regionalization in Bosnia and Herzegovina, city and region of Sarajevo have special importance and significance. This is mainly due to the fact that the City of Sarajevo is the main administrative center, i.e. the center of political, economic, cultural and overall social life and development in Bosnia and Herzegovina. At the same time, the Sarajevo is the center of Canton of Sarajevo, the center of this macro-region, as well as it is the capital of the entity of the Federation and state of Bosnia and Herzegovina. All those facts make Sarajevo attractive both for life and business, furthermore for studying its capacity and development potentials as well. In modern economics, the regions represent an important development level, while regionalisation represent an essentional component of the political systems of the modern state. The regions have become a link between local and central (state) institutions of government and local and overall economic development of country. The Bosnia and Herzegovina has a long tradition of regionalization and regionalism. Over long time, it has gone through verious phases and forms of regionalisation depening on then chraging political order. Sarajevo as a city and the region has historicaly developed in two directions. First, towards the capital of state of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the main administrative center. Secondly, towards the center of the region, i.e. the macro-region. Sarajevo macro-region is the most developed region in Bosnia and Herzegovina in terms of overall infrastructure and resources bacause of its normative, social importance and the position of the city itself. The territory covered by the Sarajevo macro-region has significant natural resources, energy potentials, as well as resources for the development of industry. Truistically, along with Mostar, it is a most impressive destination for tourists. Nevertheless, this macroregion still does not fully exploit the resources available to it, due to the many limitations and obsticles that directly affect it and that require adequate resolution.
从波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那区域发展和区域化的历史角度来看,萨拉热窝市和萨拉热 窝地区具有特殊的重要性和意义。这主要是因为萨拉热窝市是波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那的主要行政中心,即政治、经济、文化和整体社会生活与发展的中心。同时,萨拉热窝也是萨拉热窝州的中心、这一宏观区域的中心以及联邦实体和波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那国家的首都。所有这些事实都使萨拉热窝对生活和商业具有吸引力,而且对研究其能力和发展潜力也具有吸引力。 在现代经济学中,地区代表着重要的发展水平,而地区化则是现代国家政治制度的重要组成部分。地区已成为地方和中央(国家)政府机构之间以及地方和国家整体经济发展之间的纽带。波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那有着悠久的地区化和地区主义传统。长期以来,根据当时的政治秩序,波黑经历了不同的地区化阶段和形式。萨拉热窝作为一个城市和地区在历史上有两个发展方向。第一,向波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那的首都和主要行政中心发展。第二,向地区中心,即宏观地区发展。萨拉热窝大区是波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那总体基础设施和资源最发达的地区,因为其规范性、社会重要性和城市本身的地位。萨拉热窝大区所覆盖的领土拥有重要的自然资源、能源潜力以及工业发展资源。实际上,萨拉热窝和莫斯塔尔是最令人印象深刻的旅游胜地。然而,由于直接影响该地区的许多限制和障碍需要得到充分解决,该宏观地区仍然没有充分利用其现有资源。
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引用次数: 0
Personal Health Data and the Significance of Its Administrative Protection 个人健康数据及其行政保护的意义
Pub Date : 2023-12-31 DOI: 10.53028/1986-6127.2023.14.2.11
Emir Mehmedović, Amila Mehmedović
The issue of personal data protection has been one of the focal points of attention in recent decades. This is because the protection of personal data is a form of realizing the right to privacy as a fundamental human right. Personal data refers to information about a specific individual’s characteristics that serves as a means of their identification. Personal data protection in Bosnia and Herzegovina is regulated by the Law on Personal Data Protection. This law governs the principles of personal data processing, the obligations of data controllers and processors, the rights of data subjects, as well as sanctions for violations of the law. Since 2016, the protection of personal data in the European Union has been regulated by the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), which has significantly improved the system for protecting personal data. A particularly significant category of personal data is personal health data, which includes identification and identifying information about an individual’s health and medical condition, their medical diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment, as well as information about substances that can identify that individual. Data related to an individual’s health is a crucial and potentially vulnerable aspect of their life. These are the most intimate data about an individual, the unauthorized and unjustified disclosure of which can subject them to shame, ridicule, and stigmatization, causing them significant, primarily non-material, harm. Misuse of patient information not only violates their privacy but also undermines their dignity. Therefore, personal health data can only be processed for health-related purposes, i.e., for the benefit of the individual and society as a whole. Laws regulating patients’ rights in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (the Law on Healthcare and the Law on the Rights, Obligations, and Responsibilities of Patients) guarantee patients the right to confidentiality of information and privacy, the right to data secrecy, and the right to access their medical records. The provisions of these laws significantly meet the standards for the protection of personal health data. However, in order to improve the situation in this area, there is a need to harmonize the provisions of the general data protection law, which is subsidiarily applied in the protection of personal health data, with the provisions of the General Data Protection Regulation.
近几十年来,个人数据保护问题一直是人们关注的焦点之一。这是因为保护个人数据是实现作为基本人权的隐私权的一种形式。个人数据是指有关特定个人特征的信息,是识别个人身份的一种手段。波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那的个人数据保护由《个人数据保护法》规范。该法规定了个人数据处理原则、数据控制者和处理者的义务、数据主体的权利以及对违法行为的制裁。自 2016 年起,欧盟的个人数据保护受到《通用数据保护条例》(GDPR)的监管,该条例极大地改进了个人数据保护系统。个人健康数据是一类特别重要的个人数据,其中包括有关个人健康和医疗状况、医疗诊断、预后和治疗的识别和身份信息,以及可以识别个人身份的物质信息。与个人健康有关的数据是个人生活中至关重要且可能易受攻击的方面。这些都是个人最私密的数据,未经授权和不合理的披露会使他们蒙受耻辱、嘲弄和污名,对他们造成重大伤害,主要是非物质伤害。滥用患者信息不仅会侵犯他们的隐私,还会损害他们的尊严。因此,个人健康数据的处理只能出于与健康相关的目的,即为了个人和整个社会的利益。波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那联邦规范患者权利的法律(《医疗保健法》和《患者权利、义务和责任法》)保障患者的信息保密权和隐私权、数据保密权以及查阅病历的权利。这些法律条款在很大程度上达到了保护个人健康数据的标准。然而,为了改善这一领域的状况,有必要将辅助适用于保护个人健康数据的一般数据保护法的规定与《一般数据保护条例》的规定统一起来。
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引用次数: 0
The Role of State and Other Bodies in Financial Investigations of Criminal Offenses 国家和其他机构在刑事犯罪金融调查中的作用
Pub Date : 2023-12-31 DOI: 10.53028/1986-6127.2023.14.2.148
Bećir Mustafić
Financial investigations are conducted with the aim of determining and uncovering corrupt criminal acts, as well as securing and confiscating the proceeds of the criminal act. In this way, state institutions with their entities and bodies represent an effective instrument in the fight against property-motivated crimes. For this reason, an attack on property, which was achieved in an illegal way, is considered the heaviest blow for perpetrators of serious crimes, and tools aimed at confiscating property benefits are assessed as the best way to combat organized crime. Illegally acquired property benefits from various criminal acts are, in most cases, concealed. Conducting financial investigations by competent authorities should meet certain requirements. Professional relationship and highly professional work are the key features of financial investigations. In this regard, the prosecutor is the leading person and coordinator, who has the most extensive task in terms of managing the financial investigation. The prosecutor engages numerous state authorities and financial experts in order to collect relevant data and information, and in the function of documenting illegally acquired property benefits. In this context, it is necessary to elaborate on the role and importance of criminal process subjects and state authorities in the procedures of conducting financial investigations in the case of confiscation of illegally acquired property benefits.
开展金融调查的目的是确定和揭露腐败犯罪行为,并确保和没收犯罪行为所得。因此,国家机构及其实体和机构是打击以财产为动机的犯罪的有效工具。因此,以非法方式获得的财产被认为是对严重犯罪者最沉重的打击,而旨在没收财产利益的工具被认为是打击有组织犯罪的最佳方式。在大多数情况下,从各种犯罪行为中非法获得的财产利益都被隐藏起来。主管当局开展金融调查应满足某些要求。专业关系和高度专业的工作是金融调查的主要特点。在这方面,检察官是主导者和协调者,在管理金融调查方面承担着最广泛的任务。为了收集相关数据和信息,并履行记录非法所得财产利益的职能,检察官会与众多国家机关和金融专家进行接触。在这种情况下,有必要详细说明刑事诉讼主体和国家机关在没收非法所得财产利益案件的财务调查程序中的作用和重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Specificity of Non-tax Revenues of the State With Reference to Bosnia and Herzegovina 波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那国家非税收入的特殊性
Pub Date : 2023-12-31 DOI: 10.53028/1986-6127.2023.14.2.59
Merdža Handalić Plahonjić, Ensar Bugari, Amar Kozadra
The aim of the paper entitled „Specifics of Non-tax Revenues of the State with a Focus on Bosnia and Herzegovina“ is an analysis of non-tax (non-fiscal, parafiscal) revenues with a focus on Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as those are generated by BiH institutions and their multy-year comparation. As part of this paper secondary data related to the theoretical settings, emporical data from the budget’s dokuments and legislation relevant to this topic as well are analyzed. The main goal of the research is to point out the specifics of parafiscal charges, which very often in the most significant forms are not correlated with the basic theoretical characteristics of non-tax revenues but could be an additional burden for economic entities. The research questions related to the conceptual determination of non-tax revenues, from which sources they are collectedand what their purpose is, what is the difference between tax and non-tax revenues, and what non-tax revenues occur in theory and which in practice with a special attention on the forms exi st in BiH.
题为 "以波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那为重点的国家非税收入的具体情况 "的论文旨在分析以波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那为重点的非税(非财政、准财政)收入,以及波黑机构产生的非税收入及其多年比较。本文分析了与理论背景相关的二手数据、预算文件中的实证数据以及与该主题相关的立法。 研究的主要目的是指出准财政收费的具体情况,这些收费的最主要形式往往与非税收入的基本理论特征无关,但却可能成为经济实体的额外负担。 研究问题涉及从概念上确定非税收入,从哪些来源征收非税收入,非税收入的目的是什么,税收和非税收入之间有什么区别,理论上有哪些非税收入,实际上有哪些非税收入,并特别关注波黑的非税收入形式。
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引用次数: 0
The Reform Process of Introducing the Licensing of Primary and Secondary School Principals 推行中小学校长执照制度的改革进程
Pub Date : 2023-12-31 DOI: 10.53028/1986-6127.2023.14.2.167
Lejla Tuzlak, Ivona Ražnatović
To improve the quality of pre-university education in Bosnia and Herzegovina, it is necessary to start a reform process aimed at increasing the competence of school principals. In accordance with the practice implemented in most countries of the region and many countries of the European Union, it is necessary to introduce the licensing of principals of primary and secondary schools. The paper provides a brief overview of the names of the modules in the training programs and the duration of the training after which school principals are licensed in the countries of the region, as well as the activities carried out in Bosnia and Herzegovina that preceded the introduction of principal licensing in the field of primary and secondary education. It is stated in the paper that the current regulatory changes should enable the licensing of principals of primary and secondary schools. Recommendations were given for adopting the occupational standards of school principals, as well as all the other steps that need to be taken. By implementing the process of licensing for school principals, the state would receive a significant resource of highly educated staff who have acquired competencies through an interdisciplinary training program for the management of primary and secondary schools.
为了提高波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那大学前教育的质量,有必要启动旨在提高校长能力 的改革进程。根据该地区大多数国家和欧盟许多国家实施的做法,有必要引入中小学校长执照制度。本文简要概述了该地区各国培训计划中的模块名称和校长获得执照的培训期限,以及波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那在中小学教育领域引入校长执照制度之前开展的活动。文件指出,目前的规章制度改革应能使中小学校长获得执照。文件提出了通过校长职业标准的建议,以及需要采取的所有其他步骤。通过实施校长许可程序,国家将获得大量受过高等教育的工作人员资源,他们通过跨学科培训计划获得了管理中小学的能力。
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引用次数: 0
Decisions of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia And Herzegovina as Sub-Laws in Comparison With Regulations of Governments 波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那部长理事会的决定作为与政府条例比较的子法律
Pub Date : 2023-08-04 DOI: 10.53028/1986-6127.2023.14.1.53
Neven Akšamija
This paper researches the decisions of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina as general sub-laws and compares them with regulations of governments on other levels of government in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The comparison of the decisions of the Council of Ministers is carried out with the regulations of the Government of the Federation and the Government of Sarajevo Canton, with the intention to determine that decisions of the Council of Ministers have in essence the same scope and subject of regulating as the aforementioned government regulations, placing emphasis on the constitutional distribution of competencies between state, entities and cantons. The original research has determined that the Council of Ministers carries out the majority of legislative activities with their decisions, but rulebooks and instructions also appear as sub-laws, which isn’t the case on federal and cantonal levels, where rulebooks and instructions are exclusively adopted by administrative bodies, although administrative bodies on the level of Bosnia and Herzegovina also adopt these types of legislation. It has been determined that most decisions, rulebooks and instructions of the Council of Ministers, as well as regulations of governments are adopted for the purpose of executing the law, therefore as classical sub-laws, although different examples also appear. Finally, an amendment to the law is proposed in the sense that the Council of Ministers adopts regulations as sub-laws, with the cessation of adoption of rulebooks and instructions, which would be more appropriate from the aspect of our administrative law and bring about more order and would systematise this area.
本文将波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那部长会议的决定作为一般子法律进行研究,并将其与波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那其他各级政府的政府法规进行比较。将部长会议的决定与联邦政府和萨拉热窝州政府的条例进行比较,目的是确定部长会议的决定在本质上与上述政府条例具有相同的管制范围和管制主题,强调国家、实体和州之间权力的宪法分配。最初的研究确定,部长会议以其决定进行大多数立法活动,但规则手册和指示也作为次级法律出现,在联邦和州一级的情况并非如此,在联邦和州一级,规则手册和指示完全由行政机构采用,尽管波斯尼亚-黑塞哥维那一级的行政机构也采用这类立法。已经确定,部长会议的大多数决定、规则手册和指示以及政府的规章都是为了执行法律而采用的,因此作为经典的子法律,尽管也出现了不同的例子。最后,对法律提出了一项修正案,即部长会议在停止采用规则手册和指示的情况下,将条例作为次级法律,这从我国行政法的方面来说将更为适当,并将带来更多的秩序,使这一领域系统化。
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引用次数: 0
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Uprava
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