Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1097/01.CDR.0000804996.57509.75
Ethan Stahl, Steven L. Blumer
Artificial intelligence (AI) comprises computer systems that behave in ways previously thought to require human intelligence.1 AI and related technologies are increasingly prevalent in business and society and are beginning to be applied to health care.2 Within health care, AI has increasingly influenced the field of radiology, and its role is likely only to grow in the future. Within radiology, AI has demonstrated benefits in the areas of image analysis and interpretation, various noninterpretive domains, and resident training. And yet, AI remains vaguely and incompletely understood by a great many practicing radiologists, radiology residents, and students considering a career in radiology. The purpose of this article is to describe the primary current and potential future applications of AI to the field of radiology and to define some of the key terms used in discussions of AI. This article is meant to provide readers with a clear, foundational understanding of AI in radiology and to equip radiologists with literacy and fluency in the AI lexicon.
{"title":"A Basic Primer of Artificial Intelligence for Radiologists","authors":"Ethan Stahl, Steven L. Blumer","doi":"10.1097/01.CDR.0000804996.57509.75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CDR.0000804996.57509.75","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial intelligence (AI) comprises computer systems that behave in ways previously thought to require human intelligence.1 AI and related technologies are increasingly prevalent in business and society and are beginning to be applied to health care.2 Within health care, AI has increasingly influenced the field of radiology, and its role is likely only to grow in the future. Within radiology, AI has demonstrated benefits in the areas of image analysis and interpretation, various noninterpretive domains, and resident training. And yet, AI remains vaguely and incompletely understood by a great many practicing radiologists, radiology residents, and students considering a career in radiology. The purpose of this article is to describe the primary current and potential future applications of AI to the field of radiology and to define some of the key terms used in discussions of AI. This article is meant to provide readers with a clear, foundational understanding of AI in radiology and to equip radiologists with literacy and fluency in the AI lexicon.","PeriodicalId":29694,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Diagnostic Radiology","volume":" ","pages":"1 - 7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46023594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.1097/01.CDR.0000802868.74387.7d
Mark D. Ehrhart, Leila Nojaba, S. Murali, Lisa M. Richardson, Jennifer S. Weaver, Sherry S Wang, J. Revels
The radiologist plays a key role in evaluation of the male urethra after trauma. In particular, radiologists perform the fluoroscopic procedures commonly used to evaluate for urethral injury: retrograde urethrography (RUG) and voiding cystourethrography (VCUG). Radiologists must effectively illustrate urethral anatomy and pathology while avoiding imaging pitfalls. This review article discusses normal male urethral anatomy, fluoroscopic imaging techniques for evaluation of the male urethra, findings and classification of traumatic urethral pathology, and common treatments of traumatic urethral injury. It is important that radiologists are aware of these key elements to communicate effectively with the treating clinicians.
{"title":"Fluoroscopic Evaluation of the Male Urethra in the Setting of Trauma","authors":"Mark D. Ehrhart, Leila Nojaba, S. Murali, Lisa M. Richardson, Jennifer S. Weaver, Sherry S Wang, J. Revels","doi":"10.1097/01.CDR.0000802868.74387.7d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CDR.0000802868.74387.7d","url":null,"abstract":"The radiologist plays a key role in evaluation of the male urethra after trauma. In particular, radiologists perform the fluoroscopic procedures commonly used to evaluate for urethral injury: retrograde urethrography (RUG) and voiding cystourethrography (VCUG). Radiologists must effectively illustrate urethral anatomy and pathology while avoiding imaging pitfalls. This review article discusses normal male urethral anatomy, fluoroscopic imaging techniques for evaluation of the male urethra, findings and classification of traumatic urethral pathology, and common treatments of traumatic urethral injury. It is important that radiologists are aware of these key elements to communicate effectively with the treating clinicians.","PeriodicalId":29694,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Diagnostic Radiology","volume":"44 1","pages":"1 - 5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41762608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-15DOI: 10.1097/01.cdr.0000802028.50707.14
Nicolas Gibson, C. Fung
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer among Canadian men (excluding nonmelanoma skin cancers) and is the third leading cause of death from cancer in men in Canada. It is estimated that, in 2020, 23,300 men will be diagnosed with PCa, representing 20% of all new cancer cases in men.1 The recommended technique being used for the detection and risk stratification of PCa is multiparametric MRI (mpMRI), which includes high-resolution T2-weighted (T2W) images to depict prostate anatomy and two functional MRI techniques, including diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) to display cell density and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE) that shows vascularity.2
{"title":"A Pictorial Review of PI-RADS v2.0 and PI-RADS v2.1: What Changed?","authors":"Nicolas Gibson, C. Fung","doi":"10.1097/01.cdr.0000802028.50707.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.cdr.0000802028.50707.14","url":null,"abstract":"Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer among Canadian men (excluding nonmelanoma skin cancers) and is the third leading cause of death from cancer in men in Canada. It is estimated that, in 2020, 23,300 men will be diagnosed with PCa, representing 20% of all new cancer cases in men.1 The recommended technique being used for the detection and risk stratification of PCa is multiparametric MRI (mpMRI), which includes high-resolution T2-weighted (T2W) images to depict prostate anatomy and two functional MRI techniques, including diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) to display cell density and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE) that shows vascularity.2","PeriodicalId":29694,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Diagnostic Radiology","volume":" ","pages":"1 - 7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44151838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-30DOI: 10.1097/01.cdr.0000800028.32418.fe
Jenna A. Saxton, Justin R. Montgomery, Paul J. Spicer
Wrist fractures are a common finding. In many instances, radiologists may accurately describe the fracture findings but may not recall the associated name given to the fracture and the mechanism of injury. To educate radiologists further, an organized review of the common named fractures of the wrist is presented. Specifically, fractures of the distal radius have been described. The goals of this article are to highlight important clinical conditions and emphasize the origin of the name, mechanism of injury, image findings, and treatment.
{"title":"An Overview of the Named Wrist Fractures","authors":"Jenna A. Saxton, Justin R. Montgomery, Paul J. Spicer","doi":"10.1097/01.cdr.0000800028.32418.fe","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.cdr.0000800028.32418.fe","url":null,"abstract":"Wrist fractures are a common finding. In many instances, radiologists may accurately describe the fracture findings but may not recall the associated name given to the fracture and the mechanism of injury. To educate radiologists further, an organized review of the common named fractures of the wrist is presented. Specifically, fractures of the distal radius have been described. The goals of this article are to highlight important clinical conditions and emphasize the origin of the name, mechanism of injury, image findings, and treatment.","PeriodicalId":29694,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Diagnostic Radiology","volume":" ","pages":"1 - 5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44119123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-31DOI: 10.1097/01.CDR.0000795720.51837.27
Lin Yang, R. Navuluri
Uterine fibroids, or leiomyomas or myomas, are benign tumors that arise from the smooth muscle of the uterus. Fibroids affect most women, up to 80% of black women, and nearly 70% of white women in the United States by the age of 50 years,1 and the incidence of fibroids increases with age up to menopause.2
{"title":"Uterine Fibroids and Adenomyosis: Imaging and Treatment","authors":"Lin Yang, R. Navuluri","doi":"10.1097/01.CDR.0000795720.51837.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CDR.0000795720.51837.27","url":null,"abstract":"Uterine fibroids, or leiomyomas or myomas, are benign tumors that arise from the smooth muscle of the uterus. Fibroids affect most women, up to 80% of black women, and nearly 70% of white women in the United States by the age of 50 years,1 and the incidence of fibroids increases with age up to menopause.2","PeriodicalId":29694,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Diagnostic Radiology","volume":" ","pages":"1 - 7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43585464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-15DOI: 10.1097/01.CDR.0000792988.25998.33
Pratyaksha Rana, A. Bhatia, A. Saxena, K. Sodhi
Tuberculosis (TB) is highly prevalent worldwide, and it affects children and adults equally, causing significant morbidity and mortality. Imaging plays a crucial role in diagnosis and management. Knowledge of imaging modalities available, imaging manifestations of both pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis, is vital for the radiologist for timely diagnosis among children with TB.
{"title":"Imaging of Tuberculosis in Children","authors":"Pratyaksha Rana, A. Bhatia, A. Saxena, K. Sodhi","doi":"10.1097/01.CDR.0000792988.25998.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CDR.0000792988.25998.33","url":null,"abstract":"Tuberculosis (TB) is highly prevalent worldwide, and it affects children and adults equally, causing significant morbidity and mortality. Imaging plays a crucial role in diagnosis and management. Knowledge of imaging modalities available, imaging manifestations of both pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis, is vital for the radiologist for timely diagnosis among children with TB.","PeriodicalId":29694,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Diagnostic Radiology","volume":" ","pages":"1 - 7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49628440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-30DOI: 10.1097/01.cdr.0000792088.96346.67
M. Fani Bozkurt
Yttrium-90 (Y-90)-loaded glass and resin microspheres are used for intra-arterial Y-90 microsphere therapy of the primary and metastatic liver tumors. Therapeutic dose assessment and dose administration vary according to the microsphere type used for this therapy.
{"title":"Basics of Intra-arterial Y-90 Microsphere Therapy for Liver Tumors—Part II","authors":"M. Fani Bozkurt","doi":"10.1097/01.cdr.0000792088.96346.67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.cdr.0000792088.96346.67","url":null,"abstract":"Yttrium-90 (Y-90)-loaded glass and resin microspheres are used for intra-arterial Y-90 microsphere therapy of the primary and metastatic liver tumors. Therapeutic dose assessment and dose administration vary according to the microsphere type used for this therapy.","PeriodicalId":29694,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Diagnostic Radiology","volume":" ","pages":"1 - 5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46133762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-15DOI: 10.1097/01.CDR.0000789252.48910.b6
M. Fani Bozkurt
Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Intra-arterial yttrium-90 (Y-90) microsphere therapy is a radionuclide therapy in which therapeutic radiation-loaded microspheres are targeted to microvasculature of hepatic tumors through arterial administration. The conceptual basis of this therapy depends primarily on the unique preferential blood supply of tumor cells versus healthy hepatocytes in the liver.
{"title":"Basics of Intra-arterial Y-90 Microsphere Therapy for Liver Tumors: Part I","authors":"M. Fani Bozkurt","doi":"10.1097/01.CDR.0000789252.48910.b6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CDR.0000789252.48910.b6","url":null,"abstract":"Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Intra-arterial yttrium-90 (Y-90) microsphere therapy is a radionuclide therapy in which therapeutic radiation-loaded microspheres are targeted to microvasculature of hepatic tumors through arterial administration. The conceptual basis of this therapy depends primarily on the unique preferential blood supply of tumor cells versus healthy hepatocytes in the liver.","PeriodicalId":29694,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Diagnostic Radiology","volume":"44 1","pages":"1 - 7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41607369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-31DOI: 10.1097/01.CDR.0000771680.64542.80
J. Vaughn, L. Goncalves, P. Cornejo
Congenital neck masses are rare lesions typically encountered during second-trimester anatomy ultrasound. Accurate diagnosis is crucial to appropriate ante- and perinatal management though imaging characterization remains a challenge. Ultrasound and MRI play complementary roles in the diagnosis of prenatal head and neck masses now facilitated by the increased availability of fetal MRI, technologic advancements in both imaging modalities and large tertiary referral centers with specialized care teams. As in both adult and pediatric head and neck imaging, a solid understanding of the neck anatomic spaces is a requisite to formulate a focused differential diagnosis. In this review, the more common fetal neck masses in four anatomic locations are presented. Unlike the wide spectrum of potential pathologies encountered in children, fetal neck masses can be categorized into three major groups: tumors, vascular malformations, and congenital lesions. Using an anatomic and systematic approach, the radiologist can narrow the differential diagnosis into a single or a limited list of possibilities. This article provides a focused review of the more common fetal head and neck pathologies, emphasizing their location and imaging characteristics. Based on these features, a reasonable differential diagnosis can be formulated and applied to prenatal counseling, delivery management, and postnatal treatment.
{"title":"Imaging of Fetal Head and Neck Masses: A Systematic and Anatomic Approach","authors":"J. Vaughn, L. Goncalves, P. Cornejo","doi":"10.1097/01.CDR.0000771680.64542.80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CDR.0000771680.64542.80","url":null,"abstract":"Congenital neck masses are rare lesions typically encountered during second-trimester anatomy ultrasound. Accurate diagnosis is crucial to appropriate ante- and perinatal management though imaging characterization remains a challenge. Ultrasound and MRI play complementary roles in the diagnosis of prenatal head and neck masses now facilitated by the increased availability of fetal MRI, technologic advancements in both imaging modalities and large tertiary referral centers with specialized care teams. As in both adult and pediatric head and neck imaging, a solid understanding of the neck anatomic spaces is a requisite to formulate a focused differential diagnosis. In this review, the more common fetal neck masses in four anatomic locations are presented. Unlike the wide spectrum of potential pathologies encountered in children, fetal neck masses can be categorized into three major groups: tumors, vascular malformations, and congenital lesions. Using an anatomic and systematic approach, the radiologist can narrow the differential diagnosis into a single or a limited list of possibilities. This article provides a focused review of the more common fetal head and neck pathologies, emphasizing their location and imaging characteristics. Based on these features, a reasonable differential diagnosis can be formulated and applied to prenatal counseling, delivery management, and postnatal treatment.","PeriodicalId":29694,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Diagnostic Radiology","volume":" ","pages":"1 - 7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48374443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-15DOI: 10.1097/01.cdr.0000767656.10944.cb
K. M. Harris, Justin R. Montgomery, Paul J. Spicer
In part I of this two-part series, we discussed the utility of ultrasound (US) for evaluation of soft tissue masses. Optimal scanning techniques were addressed. Multiple benign masses were highlighted in the first article, with particular attention to the features that were characteristic for a specific begin diagnosis. This article addresses more benign masses. Additionally, features of malignant soft tissue masses are reviewed and these findings reinforced with a discussion of several malignant diagnoses.
{"title":"Ultrasound of Soft Tissue Masses: Part II","authors":"K. M. Harris, Justin R. Montgomery, Paul J. Spicer","doi":"10.1097/01.cdr.0000767656.10944.cb","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.cdr.0000767656.10944.cb","url":null,"abstract":"In part I of this two-part series, we discussed the utility of ultrasound (US) for evaluation of soft tissue masses. Optimal scanning techniques were addressed. Multiple benign masses were highlighted in the first article, with particular attention to the features that were characteristic for a specific begin diagnosis. This article addresses more benign masses. Additionally, features of malignant soft tissue masses are reviewed and these findings reinforced with a discussion of several malignant diagnoses.","PeriodicalId":29694,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Diagnostic Radiology","volume":" ","pages":"1 - 5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45715652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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