Pub Date : 2021-07-31DOI: 10.1097/01.CDR.0000765900.99295.39
K. M. Harris, Justin R. Montgomery, Paul J. Spicer
Ultrasound is an important initial imaging study for evaluation of soft tissue masses. Many benign masses have characteristic locations and imaging findings, which indicate their diagnosis. Likewise, malignant masses frequently have imaging features, which indicate a suspicious finding. It is important for radiologists to be able to differentiate benign from malignant soft tissue masses, and in turn, to recommend the appropriate next step for suspicious masses. This article focuses on multiple different benign masses and their imaging findings.
{"title":"Ultrasound of Soft Tissue Masses: Part I","authors":"K. M. Harris, Justin R. Montgomery, Paul J. Spicer","doi":"10.1097/01.CDR.0000765900.99295.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CDR.0000765900.99295.39","url":null,"abstract":"Ultrasound is an important initial imaging study for evaluation of soft tissue masses. Many benign masses have characteristic locations and imaging findings, which indicate their diagnosis. Likewise, malignant masses frequently have imaging features, which indicate a suspicious finding. It is important for radiologists to be able to differentiate benign from malignant soft tissue masses, and in turn, to recommend the appropriate next step for suspicious masses. This article focuses on multiple different benign masses and their imaging findings.","PeriodicalId":29694,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Diagnostic Radiology","volume":" ","pages":"1 - 5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43739089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-15DOI: 10.1097/01.CDR.0000756356.95451.79
T. H. C. Cledera, Dyan V. Flores
Ankle sprains are a common sports injury that can lead to chronic symptoms and residual instability. Ankle ligaments may be classified into four groups. This article reviews anatomy, MRI features, mechanisms of injury, and associated pathology of ankle ligaments.
{"title":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Ankle Ligaments","authors":"T. H. C. Cledera, Dyan V. Flores","doi":"10.1097/01.CDR.0000756356.95451.79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CDR.0000756356.95451.79","url":null,"abstract":"Ankle sprains are a common sports injury that can lead to chronic symptoms and residual instability. Ankle ligaments may be classified into four groups. This article reviews anatomy, MRI features, mechanisms of injury, and associated pathology of ankle ligaments.","PeriodicalId":29694,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Diagnostic Radiology","volume":" ","pages":"1 - 7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43753501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.1097/01.CDR.0000754780.94724.9f
K. Capaccione, J. Leb, M. Salvatore
Sarcoid is a multisystem granulomatous disease, which can result in multiorgan dysfunction and significant morbidity and mortality.1 Although sarcoid can present in nearly any system, pulmonary involvement is present in approximately 90% of cases.2,3 Cardiac sarcoid is less common, and is believed to occur in 25% of patients with sarcoidosis.4 Both pulmonary and cardiac sarcoid can closely mimic other diseases presenting a challenge for the interpreting radiologist. Given that treatment may attenuate disease progression, it is essential for radiologists to recognize sarcoid early so that appropriate treatment can be initiated and to facilitate a search for other sites of disease.5,6
{"title":"Cardiopulmonary Sarcoid and Its Mimics","authors":"K. Capaccione, J. Leb, M. Salvatore","doi":"10.1097/01.CDR.0000754780.94724.9f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CDR.0000754780.94724.9f","url":null,"abstract":"Sarcoid is a multisystem granulomatous disease, which can result in multiorgan dysfunction and significant morbidity and mortality.1 Although sarcoid can present in nearly any system, pulmonary involvement is present in approximately 90% of cases.2,3 Cardiac sarcoid is less common, and is believed to occur in 25% of patients with sarcoidosis.4 Both pulmonary and cardiac sarcoid can closely mimic other diseases presenting a challenge for the interpreting radiologist. Given that treatment may attenuate disease progression, it is essential for radiologists to recognize sarcoid early so that appropriate treatment can be initiated and to facilitate a search for other sites of disease.5,6","PeriodicalId":29694,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Diagnostic Radiology","volume":" ","pages":"1 - 6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47978667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.1097/01.cdr.0000754316.21497.2f
L. Bui-mansfield
Lipoma arborescens is a benign intra-articular lesion characterized by villous lipomatous proliferation of the synovium. It is most commonly found in the knee joint. However, lipoma arborescens also may be found in other joints and bursae and tendon sheaths. The purpose of this educational activity is to review typical and atypical cases of lipoma arborescens. In this article, we review the clinical features of lipoma arborescens. Its imaging characteristics on different radiologic modalities are reviewed. Histologic findings are examined to explain its imaging appearance. Differential diagnosis is discussed, including means to distinguish them by imaging. Correct diagnosis prevents misdiagnosis that may lead to unnecessary additional clinical evaluation and prompts referral to an orthopedic surgeon for evaluation for definitive treatment.
{"title":"Lipoma Arborescens: Imaging Features of Typical and Atypical Disease and Differentiation From Other Intra-articular Pathology","authors":"L. Bui-mansfield","doi":"10.1097/01.cdr.0000754316.21497.2f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.cdr.0000754316.21497.2f","url":null,"abstract":"Lipoma arborescens is a benign intra-articular lesion characterized by villous lipomatous proliferation of the synovium. It is most commonly found in the knee joint. However, lipoma arborescens also may be found in other joints and bursae and tendon sheaths. The purpose of this educational activity is to review typical and atypical cases of lipoma arborescens. In this article, we review the clinical features of lipoma arborescens. Its imaging characteristics on different radiologic modalities are reviewed. Histologic findings are examined to explain its imaging appearance. Differential diagnosis is discussed, including means to distinguish them by imaging. Correct diagnosis prevents misdiagnosis that may lead to unnecessary additional clinical evaluation and prompts referral to an orthopedic surgeon for evaluation for definitive treatment.","PeriodicalId":29694,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Diagnostic Radiology","volume":" ","pages":"1 - 5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44423654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-15DOI: 10.1097/01.CDR.0000753128.93798.99
Jawad Hussain, O. Jawhar, Stephen Judge, V. Joshi, C. Stavrakis, Michael Brooks
Hydroxyapatite deposition disease (HADD), or calcific tendinosis, is a common cause of atraumatic pain. Radiologists can be of great diagnostic assistance using imaging and clinical data to decipher HADD from other similar presenting pathologies such as infection, gout, trauma, and tumor. The radiologist should be aware of the various diagnostic imaging pitfalls and mimics of calcific tendinosis so that they may prevent further unnecessary workup and invasive procedures. In addition, radiologists should understand the role of percutaneous image-guided interventions as treatment options for HADD. The radiologist's understanding of the clinical presentation, imaging features, and treatment options of HADD will improve diagnostic accuracy and patient outcomes.
{"title":"Calcific Tendinosis: What the General Radiologist Needs to Know","authors":"Jawad Hussain, O. Jawhar, Stephen Judge, V. Joshi, C. Stavrakis, Michael Brooks","doi":"10.1097/01.CDR.0000753128.93798.99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CDR.0000753128.93798.99","url":null,"abstract":"Hydroxyapatite deposition disease (HADD), or calcific tendinosis, is a common cause of atraumatic pain. Radiologists can be of great diagnostic assistance using imaging and clinical data to decipher HADD from other similar presenting pathologies such as infection, gout, trauma, and tumor. The radiologist should be aware of the various diagnostic imaging pitfalls and mimics of calcific tendinosis so that they may prevent further unnecessary workup and invasive procedures. In addition, radiologists should understand the role of percutaneous image-guided interventions as treatment options for HADD. The radiologist's understanding of the clinical presentation, imaging features, and treatment options of HADD will improve diagnostic accuracy and patient outcomes.","PeriodicalId":29694,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Diagnostic Radiology","volume":" ","pages":"1 - 7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45102233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.1097/01.CDR.0000798036.03093.b4
R. Tyagi, Kunal Karani, O. Ahmed, R. Navuluri
End-stage renal disease is increasingly prevalent and ultimately requires renal replacement therapy via renal transplant, peritoneal dialysis, or hemodialysis (HD). The ideal form of renal replacement therapy is renal transplantation; however, due to a shortage in organ availability, transplantation is least commonly utilized. Peritoneal dialysis is underutilized due to the requirement of significant patient training and occasional financial disincentive from funding agencies. HD remains the most common form of renal replacement therapy. Nearly half a million people in North America underwent HD in 2018.1
{"title":"Endovascular Arteriovenous Fistula Creation","authors":"R. Tyagi, Kunal Karani, O. Ahmed, R. Navuluri","doi":"10.1097/01.CDR.0000798036.03093.b4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CDR.0000798036.03093.b4","url":null,"abstract":"End-stage renal disease is increasingly prevalent and ultimately requires renal replacement therapy via renal transplant, peritoneal dialysis, or hemodialysis (HD). The ideal form of renal replacement therapy is renal transplantation; however, due to a shortage in organ availability, transplantation is least commonly utilized. Peritoneal dialysis is underutilized due to the requirement of significant patient training and occasional financial disincentive from funding agencies. HD remains the most common form of renal replacement therapy. Nearly half a million people in North America underwent HD in 2018.1","PeriodicalId":29694,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Diagnostic Radiology","volume":" ","pages":"1 - 5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46112040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-31DOI: 10.1097/01.CDR.0000751604.31664.ba
Matthew L Kluckman, S. Bernard, L. Bui-mansfield
More than 92 million adults in the United States have arthritis.1 Initial imaging evaluation of arthritis begins with radiography. Having a systematic approach to the interpretation of the radiographs for arthritis is essential to recognize subtle features and to correctly identify similar appearing diseases. The “ABCs” approach to the radiographic evaluation of arthritis has been a standard for decades. The goal of this article is to review the “ABCs” approach, to discuss how the radiographic features reflect the underlying pathology of common arthropathies, and to provide differential diagnostic considerations for conditions in one of three categories: aggressive erosive, osteoarthritis-like, or mass-like depositional patterns of arthritis.
{"title":"A Systematic Approach to Radiographic Evaluation of Arthritis of the Hand and Wrist","authors":"Matthew L Kluckman, S. Bernard, L. Bui-mansfield","doi":"10.1097/01.CDR.0000751604.31664.ba","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CDR.0000751604.31664.ba","url":null,"abstract":"More than 92 million adults in the United States have arthritis.1 Initial imaging evaluation of arthritis begins with radiography. Having a systematic approach to the interpretation of the radiographs for arthritis is essential to recognize subtle features and to correctly identify similar appearing diseases. The “ABCs” approach to the radiographic evaluation of arthritis has been a standard for decades. The goal of this article is to review the “ABCs” approach, to discuss how the radiographic features reflect the underlying pathology of common arthropathies, and to provide differential diagnostic considerations for conditions in one of three categories: aggressive erosive, osteoarthritis-like, or mass-like depositional patterns of arthritis.","PeriodicalId":29694,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Diagnostic Radiology","volume":" ","pages":"1 - 7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44089735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-30DOI: 10.1097/01.CDR.0000743400.88318.ad
S. Sridhar, Nandan Keshav, M. Shiehmorteza, W. M. Thompson
Direct cholangiography (DC) includes endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), intraoperative cholangiography (IOC), T-tube cholangiography (TTC), and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC). Radiologists need to understand how each technique is performed and how to interpret each study. In many institutions, radiologists do not interpret ERCPs. Currently, common duct explorations are rarely performed; therefore, radiologists are not interpreting TTCs as frequently as they did in the past. In addition, many institutions are using alternative techniques to replace IOC. Therefore, our radiology residents are not being trained to perform and interpret DC. This presentation describes the important aspects of the performance and interpretation of DC.
{"title":"Fluoroscopic Evaluation of the Bile Ducts: Anatomic Variants, Benign and Malignant Pathologies and Bile Leaks: Part I","authors":"S. Sridhar, Nandan Keshav, M. Shiehmorteza, W. M. Thompson","doi":"10.1097/01.CDR.0000743400.88318.ad","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CDR.0000743400.88318.ad","url":null,"abstract":"Direct cholangiography (DC) includes endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), intraoperative cholangiography (IOC), T-tube cholangiography (TTC), and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC). Radiologists need to understand how each technique is performed and how to interpret each study. In many institutions, radiologists do not interpret ERCPs. Currently, common duct explorations are rarely performed; therefore, radiologists are not interpreting TTCs as frequently as they did in the past. In addition, many institutions are using alternative techniques to replace IOC. Therefore, our radiology residents are not being trained to perform and interpret DC. This presentation describes the important aspects of the performance and interpretation of DC.","PeriodicalId":29694,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Diagnostic Radiology","volume":"44 1","pages":"1 - 6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44238007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-15DOI: 10.1097/01.CDR.0000741868.68828.EF
S. Hussain, Abdillahi Omar, B. Shah
{"title":"The Breast Imaging Medical Audit: What the Radiologist Needs to Know","authors":"S. Hussain, Abdillahi Omar, B. Shah","doi":"10.1097/01.CDR.0000741868.68828.EF","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CDR.0000741868.68828.EF","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29694,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Diagnostic Radiology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48411090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-31DOI: 10.1097/01.cdr.0000737148.84800.7d
P. Amin, J. Ness, Mckenzie Brown, I. Sullivan
Cirrhotic patients undergo frequent imaging surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) due to the known oncogenic potential of the chronically injured liver, and patients who undergo treatment for HCC are followed up closely with imaging to evaluate for tumor response, treatment complications, and potential recurrence/residual tumor that may indicate further therapy. As such, radiologists play a key role in ensuring the timely and appropriate treatment of patients with HCC. However, the underlying heterogeneity of the cirrhotic liver on imaging, along with the spectrum of findings that can occur after various locoregional therapies (LRTs), can complicate posttreatment image interpretation. This article reviews expected MRI and CT findings after LRT in this patient population.
{"title":"Deciphering Liver Imaging After Interventional Oncology Treatments for Hepatocellular Carcinoma","authors":"P. Amin, J. Ness, Mckenzie Brown, I. Sullivan","doi":"10.1097/01.cdr.0000737148.84800.7d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.cdr.0000737148.84800.7d","url":null,"abstract":"Cirrhotic patients undergo frequent imaging surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) due to the known oncogenic potential of the chronically injured liver, and patients who undergo treatment for HCC are followed up closely with imaging to evaluate for tumor response, treatment complications, and potential recurrence/residual tumor that may indicate further therapy. As such, radiologists play a key role in ensuring the timely and appropriate treatment of patients with HCC. However, the underlying heterogeneity of the cirrhotic liver on imaging, along with the spectrum of findings that can occur after various locoregional therapies (LRTs), can complicate posttreatment image interpretation. This article reviews expected MRI and CT findings after LRT in this patient population.","PeriodicalId":29694,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Diagnostic Radiology","volume":" ","pages":"1 - 7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45362790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}