Pub Date : 2024-07-04DOI: 10.25130/tjfps.v2i35.371
دغه محمد دغه محمد
تعد مسألة التغير المناخي أحد أكبر التحديات التي تواجه العالم في القرن الحالي، إذ يؤدي هذا الظرف البيئي المتغير إلى تأثيرات جوهرية على النظم البيئية، والتي بدورها تنعكس بوضوح على حياة الكائنات الحية على كوكب الأرض، ومع زيادة استهلاك الموارد الطبيعية وتزايد الاحتياجات البشرية، يشعر كثيرون بخطورة التحول البيئي الذي يواجهنا، وعدم وجود اتجاه واضح للتحول إلى نظام مستدام وعادل، وبالنظر إلى التحولات التي تجتاح الكوكب، أصبحت العدالة المناخية موضوعاً مهماً يستحق اهتمامنا الجاد. وفي هذا السياق، يأتي مفهوم العدالة المناخية ليسلط الضوء على الحاجة إلى توزيع عادل للمسؤولية والتضحيات في مواجهة تحديات تغير المناخ، حيث تظهر الحاجة إلى توفير التمويل والتقنيات والموارد اللازمة لدول الجنوب لمساعدتها على التكيف مع تأثيرات تغير المناخ والتقليل من تأثيراتها السلبية ، هذه الظروف تجعل دراسة العدالة المناخية بين دول الشمال والجنوب أمراً ضرورياً، لفهم الفجوات القائمة وتطوير سبل فعّالة لتحقيق التوازن والعدالة في تعامل الدول مع تحديات تغير المناخ.
{"title":"العدالة المناخية بين الدول: عالم الشمال والجنوب (دراسة مقارنة)","authors":"دغه محمد دغه محمد","doi":"10.25130/tjfps.v2i35.371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25130/tjfps.v2i35.371","url":null,"abstract":"تعد مسألة التغير المناخي أحد أكبر التحديات التي تواجه العالم في القرن الحالي، إذ يؤدي هذا الظرف البيئي المتغير إلى تأثيرات جوهرية على النظم البيئية، والتي بدورها تنعكس بوضوح على حياة الكائنات الحية على كوكب الأرض، ومع زيادة استهلاك الموارد الطبيعية وتزايد الاحتياجات البشرية، يشعر كثيرون بخطورة التحول البيئي الذي يواجهنا، وعدم وجود اتجاه واضح للتحول إلى نظام مستدام وعادل، وبالنظر إلى التحولات التي تجتاح الكوكب، أصبحت العدالة المناخية موضوعاً مهماً يستحق اهتمامنا الجاد. \u0000 وفي هذا السياق، يأتي مفهوم العدالة المناخية ليسلط الضوء على الحاجة إلى توزيع عادل للمسؤولية والتضحيات في مواجهة تحديات تغير المناخ، حيث تظهر الحاجة إلى توفير التمويل والتقنيات والموارد اللازمة لدول الجنوب لمساعدتها على التكيف مع تأثيرات تغير المناخ والتقليل من تأثيراتها السلبية ، هذه الظروف تجعل دراسة العدالة المناخية بين دول الشمال والجنوب أمراً ضرورياً، لفهم الفجوات القائمة وتطوير سبل فعّالة لتحقيق التوازن والعدالة في تعامل الدول مع تحديات تغير المناخ.","PeriodicalId":297047,"journal":{"name":"Tikrit Journal For Political Science","volume":" 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141678715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-04DOI: 10.25130/tjfps.v3i25.358
م.م . منى حبيب احمد محمد العبيدي
ان نجاح الدول يقاس بمدى استقرارها الاقتصادي، لذلك تم إيلاء اهتمام كبير من قبل الباحثين بعجز الموازنة العامة لعلاقته المباشرة بالوضع الاقتصادي للدولة، ويعد عجز الموازنة احد أهم المشكلات التي يعاني منها الاقتصاد المصري، وهو اختلالاً هيكلياً لا يرتبط بالدورة التجارية، ويبين تفوق بنود الأنفاق الحكومي على الايرادات العامة، وقد سعت الحكومة المصرية إلى مواجهة عجز موازناتها العامة والعمل على الحد منه عن طريق برنامج للإصلاح الإقتصادي، متبعة سياسة انكماشية تعمل على زيادة الإيرادات وترشيد النفقات العامة، وبالرغم من ذلك لا زالت تمثل تحدياً كبيراً للحكومة المصرية، إذ أن نسبة (8.0%) هو ما يمثله العجز الكلي للسنة المالية (2019-2020)، تشكل ما يزيد عن ضعفي النسبة المسموح بها وفقاً لإتفاقية الاتحاد الأوروبي (ماسترخت) التي حددت نسبة (3%) كمؤشر للحجم المقبول لعجز الموازنة العامة، وبما أن أغلب دول العالم تلجأ إلى الدين العام من أجل تغطية العجز في موازناتها العامة، فقد كان العجز المزمن في الموازنة العامة هو من أهم اسباب الافراط في الاقتراض الداخلي والخارجي، والذي تنامى بشكل كبير، فضلاً عن تفاقم اعباء خدمات الدين.
{"title":"\"The relationship between the public budget deficit and public debt in Egypt for the period from 2011-2020\"","authors":"م.م . منى حبيب احمد محمد العبيدي","doi":"10.25130/tjfps.v3i25.358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25130/tjfps.v3i25.358","url":null,"abstract":"ان نجاح الدول يقاس بمدى استقرارها الاقتصادي، لذلك تم إيلاء اهتمام كبير من قبل الباحثين بعجز الموازنة العامة لعلاقته المباشرة بالوضع الاقتصادي للدولة، ويعد عجز الموازنة احد أهم المشكلات التي يعاني منها الاقتصاد المصري، وهو اختلالاً هيكلياً لا يرتبط بالدورة التجارية، ويبين تفوق بنود الأنفاق الحكومي على الايرادات العامة، وقد سعت الحكومة المصرية إلى مواجهة عجز موازناتها العامة والعمل على الحد منه عن طريق برنامج للإصلاح الإقتصادي، متبعة سياسة انكماشية تعمل على زيادة الإيرادات وترشيد النفقات العامة، وبالرغم من ذلك لا زالت تمثل تحدياً كبيراً للحكومة المصرية، إذ أن نسبة (8.0%) هو ما يمثله العجز الكلي للسنة المالية (2019-2020)، تشكل ما يزيد عن ضعفي النسبة المسموح بها وفقاً لإتفاقية الاتحاد الأوروبي (ماسترخت) التي حددت نسبة (3%) كمؤشر للحجم المقبول لعجز الموازنة العامة، وبما أن أغلب دول العالم تلجأ إلى الدين العام من أجل تغطية العجز في موازناتها العامة، فقد كان العجز المزمن في الموازنة العامة هو من أهم اسباب الافراط في الاقتراض الداخلي والخارجي، والذي تنامى بشكل كبير، فضلاً عن تفاقم اعباء خدمات الدين.","PeriodicalId":297047,"journal":{"name":"Tikrit Journal For Political Science","volume":"93 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141268032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.25130/tjfps.v2i32.195
Lect.Jasim Muhammed Taha
The cyberspace has been turned into a new arena for the international struggle between the major powers in order to impose hegemony and influence on cyberspace, and these developments imposed a rethinking of the structure and the concept of national security of the state. As a result, the issue of cyberspace security became part of the national security strategies of many developed countries in order to prevent the exposure of their vital infrastructure to cyber threats and risks, and the United States is one of the first global powers to realize the importance of the impact of cyberspace on the global balance of power, as it considered it an essential element of the comprehensive forces of the state. Therefore, the United States focused on technological and information superiority in cyberspace in order to increase its strategic capabilities and deprive opponents of it within its national strategy for the twenty-first century. Since the cyberspace is one of the sources of threats facing the United States of America, it is necessary to develop several strategies to deal with threats and risks poses by cyberspace that threaten US national security.
{"title":"Cyber Threats and Their Impact on the U.S. National Security","authors":"Lect.Jasim Muhammed Taha","doi":"10.25130/tjfps.v2i32.195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25130/tjfps.v2i32.195","url":null,"abstract":"The cyberspace has been turned into a new arena for the international struggle between the major powers in order to impose hegemony and influence on cyberspace, and these developments imposed a rethinking of the structure and the concept of national security of the state. As a result, the issue of cyberspace security became part of the national security strategies of many developed countries in order to prevent the exposure of their vital infrastructure to cyber threats and risks, and the United States is one of the first global powers to realize the importance of the impact of cyberspace on the global balance of power, as it considered it an essential element of the comprehensive forces of the state. Therefore, the United States focused on technological and information superiority in cyberspace in order to increase its strategic capabilities and deprive opponents of it within its national strategy for the twenty-first century. Since the cyberspace is one of the sources of threats facing the United States of America, it is necessary to develop several strategies to deal with threats and risks poses by cyberspace that threaten US national security.","PeriodicalId":297047,"journal":{"name":"Tikrit Journal For Political Science","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114664468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.25130/tjfps.v2i32.199
Ali Mohammed Idan
The challenges facing historical social studies in international relations are multifaceted and have different aspects. As the relationship between the science of social history and the science of international relations is deep, intertwined and interdependent because it relates to the history of societies and their social characteristics that determines its identity, lifestyle, and relationship with its peers from other societies. Therefore, the role that historical sociology plays in serving researchers in the field of international relations is essential. Most international relation theories are based on it. Also, the relationship of historical sociology with theories of international relations helps to understand generalizations in the field of international relations. It contributed to its interpretation, analysis and testing throughout history, in addition to the contribution of the science of social history in revealing the laws that control the conduct of events that societies go through during a certain period of time. Through research and analysis, it was found that historical sociology has a positive impact on international relations. By providing research material for specialists in this field, the interdependence and overlap between the social sciences makes it difficult to distinguish the boundaries and breaks between them. It also provides ample room for specialists in this field to cooperate with each other.
{"title":"Historical sociology and its impact on international relations.","authors":"Ali Mohammed Idan","doi":"10.25130/tjfps.v2i32.199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25130/tjfps.v2i32.199","url":null,"abstract":"The challenges facing historical social studies in international relations are multifaceted and have different aspects. As the relationship between the science of social history and the science of international relations is deep, intertwined and interdependent because it relates to the history of societies and their social characteristics that determines its identity, lifestyle, and relationship with its peers from other societies. Therefore, the role that historical sociology plays in serving researchers in the field of international relations is essential. Most international relation theories are based on it. \u0000Also, the relationship of historical sociology with theories of international relations helps to understand generalizations in the field of international relations. It contributed to its interpretation, analysis and testing throughout history, in addition to the contribution of the science of social history in revealing the laws that control the conduct of events that societies go through during a certain period of time. Through research and analysis, it was found that historical sociology has a positive impact on international relations. \u0000By providing research material for specialists in this field, the interdependence and overlap between the social sciences makes it difficult to distinguish the boundaries and breaks between them. It also provides ample room for specialists in this field to cooperate with each other.","PeriodicalId":297047,"journal":{"name":"Tikrit Journal For Political Science","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117277673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.25130/tjfps.v2i32.188
Asaad Ali Farhan
This study reviews the search for the links between sustainable development and human security issues. It explains the integration of human security and sustainable development. It focuses on human security issues in Iraq including: political security, social security, environmental security, economic security, food security, water security as well as terrorist threats. One of the most important requirements for achieving sustainable development is providing a safe and stable environment based on social justice, respect for human rights and guaranteeing a decent life for all people. The UN agenda 2030 comprises 17 sustainable development goals to achieve better and more sustainable future for humanity such as, no poverty, zero hunger, quality education, good health and well-being, clean water and sanitation, gender equality, economic growth, clean energy industry, peace and justice. The study assumes that human security issues are considered major obstacles to achieving sustainable development in this country. Iraq cannot achieve sustainable development goals without ensuring human security and promoting human-centered development in order to guarantee stability, equality and the right of the next generations in life.
{"title":"Challenges to Sustainable Development in Iraq: Human Security Issues","authors":"Asaad Ali Farhan","doi":"10.25130/tjfps.v2i32.188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25130/tjfps.v2i32.188","url":null,"abstract":"This study reviews the search for the links between sustainable development and human security issues. It explains the integration of human security and sustainable development. It focuses on human security issues in Iraq including: political security, social security, environmental security, economic security, food security, water security as well as terrorist threats. One of the most important requirements for achieving sustainable development is providing a safe and stable environment based on social justice, respect for human rights and guaranteeing a decent life for all people. The UN agenda 2030 comprises 17 sustainable development goals to achieve better and more sustainable future for humanity such as, no poverty, zero hunger, quality education, good health and well-being, clean water and sanitation, gender equality, economic growth, clean energy industry, peace and justice. The study assumes that human security issues are considered major obstacles to achieving sustainable development in this country. Iraq cannot achieve sustainable development goals without ensuring human security and promoting human-centered development in order to guarantee stability, equality and the right of the next generations in life.","PeriodicalId":297047,"journal":{"name":"Tikrit Journal For Political Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116268610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.25130/tjfps.v2i32.202
Ban Fawzi Dawood
The transformations of the international system led to the creation of an arena in which ethnic and sectarian conflicts usually take place, and governments usually try to ignore or suppress the demands of internal ethnic and religious groups when necessary, and these demands differ from one political to another in the break-up of Yugoslavia is depicted as the beginning of the emergence of the deconstruction of cultural characteristics., because countries with racial and ethnic diversity are more likely to interfere than others, was the pretext of the Americans in the early 1990s. Since the twentieth century, as a pretext to interfere in the internal affairs of the nation-state under the pretext of (protecting minorities from persecution) and as a result achieving its global goals of controlling and dominating the world and spreading ideas and propositions that are consistent with these practical developments,to infiltrate the borderless countries bordered by the fragmentation of the nation-state and the fueling of ethnic and racial conflicts.
{"title":"The transformations of the international system and their impact on cultural specifics (a case study of the former Yugoslavia as a model)","authors":"Ban Fawzi Dawood","doi":"10.25130/tjfps.v2i32.202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25130/tjfps.v2i32.202","url":null,"abstract":"The transformations of the international system led to the creation of an arena in which ethnic and sectarian conflicts usually take place, and governments usually try to ignore or suppress the demands of internal ethnic and religious groups when necessary, and these demands differ from one political to another in the break-up of Yugoslavia is depicted as the beginning of the emergence of the deconstruction of cultural characteristics., because countries with racial and ethnic diversity are more likely to interfere than others, was the pretext of the Americans in the early 1990s. Since the twentieth century, as a pretext to interfere in the internal affairs of the nation-state under the pretext of (protecting minorities from persecution) and as a result achieving its global goals of controlling and dominating the world and spreading ideas and propositions that are consistent with these practical developments,to infiltrate the borderless countries bordered by the fragmentation of the nation-state and the fueling of ethnic and racial conflicts.","PeriodicalId":297047,"journal":{"name":"Tikrit Journal For Political Science","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116413697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.25130/tjfps.v2i32.193
Barzan Jalal Himed, Mohammed Shattab Edan
The national identity of a society such as the Chinese community is ethnically, religiously and linguistically diverse, and it needs leadership and leadership capable of managing this diversity, and this was embodied in the efforts made by Xi Jinping through government measures or the procedures and instructions taken by the Chinese Communist Party, which mostly express The ideas and aspirations of Xi Jinping, and the role of the Chinese leader in managing this diversity has been embodied through a set of policies, decisions and initiatives at various levels and political, economic, social and cultural aspects, some within society with the aim of bringing about a quantum leap in the level of modernization and development of Chinese society and the other external in order to achieve the dream of the Chinese nation In terms of openness and progress, Xi Jinping's efforts were embodied in completing some of the efforts of his predecessors and others through the initiatives and policies he launched, all of which aim to preserve the unity of China and preserve the identity of the Chinese nation.
{"title":"The Role of President Xi Jinping in building the Chinese National Identity","authors":"Barzan Jalal Himed, Mohammed Shattab Edan","doi":"10.25130/tjfps.v2i32.193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25130/tjfps.v2i32.193","url":null,"abstract":"The national identity of a society such as the Chinese community is ethnically, religiously and linguistically diverse, and it needs leadership and leadership capable of managing this diversity, and this was embodied in the efforts made by Xi Jinping through government measures or the procedures and instructions taken by the Chinese Communist Party, which mostly express The ideas and aspirations of Xi Jinping, and the role of the Chinese leader in managing this diversity has been embodied through a set of policies, decisions and initiatives at various levels and political, economic, social and cultural aspects, some within society with the aim of bringing about a quantum leap in the level of modernization and development of Chinese society and the other external in order to achieve the dream of the Chinese nation In terms of openness and progress, Xi Jinping's efforts were embodied in completing some of the efforts of his predecessors and others through the initiatives and policies he launched, all of which aim to preserve the unity of China and preserve the identity of the Chinese nation.","PeriodicalId":297047,"journal":{"name":"Tikrit Journal For Political Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131035646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.25130/tjfps.v2i32.190
Nasser kadhim Khalaf, Dr. Nasser kadhim Khalaf
The Coptic Church monopolized the religious and political representation of the Copts since the establishment of the Egyptian state. It withdrew from direct involvement in the political sphere during the presidency of Hosni Mubarak, characterized by a close relationship between the Church and the political regime, especially in times of perceived common threats. Consequently, the Church often supported the regime to safeguard against potential risks that might arise if the regime were to fall. In this context, Mubarak's regime used Islamist elements to intimidate the Copts, while justifying its actions by claiming that the secular political system had become sectarian. Consequently, Mubarak's regime closed its doors to Coptic representation within his party. The January 25th, 2011 revolution provided an opportunity for the Copts to act more freely in the political climate. However, this newfound democracy had its challenges, as it witnessed the mobilization and substantial participation of Islamist groups, such as the Muslim Brotherhood, utilizing their organizational capacity. Through this religious polarization, the Islamists succeeded in winning elections, leading to the presidential victory of Mohamed Morsi. The Muslim Brotherhood failed to alleviate the Copts' concerns about religious freedom and their marginalization in state institutions. Moreover, some Brotherhood leaders and their allies adopted a sectarian rhetoric against the Copts, which had negative consequences on the overall political direction of the Brotherhood. This ultimately led to their downfall, paving the way for a new era of governance in Egypt.
{"title":"The Political Path of Copts in Egypt after 2011","authors":"Nasser kadhim Khalaf, Dr. Nasser kadhim Khalaf","doi":"10.25130/tjfps.v2i32.190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25130/tjfps.v2i32.190","url":null,"abstract":"The Coptic Church monopolized the religious and political representation of the Copts since the establishment of the Egyptian state. It withdrew from direct involvement in the political sphere during the presidency of Hosni Mubarak, characterized by a close relationship between the Church and the political regime, especially in times of perceived common threats. Consequently, the Church often supported the regime to safeguard against potential risks that might arise if the regime were to fall. In this context, Mubarak's regime used Islamist elements to intimidate the Copts, while justifying its actions by claiming that the secular political system had become sectarian. Consequently, Mubarak's regime closed its doors to Coptic representation within his party. \u0000The January 25th, 2011 revolution provided an opportunity for the Copts to act more freely in the political climate. However, this newfound democracy had its challenges, as it witnessed the mobilization and substantial participation of Islamist groups, such as the Muslim Brotherhood, utilizing their organizational capacity. Through this religious polarization, the Islamists succeeded in winning elections, leading to the presidential victory of Mohamed Morsi. \u0000The Muslim Brotherhood failed to alleviate the Copts' concerns about religious freedom and their marginalization in state institutions. Moreover, some Brotherhood leaders and their allies adopted a sectarian rhetoric against the Copts, which had negative consequences on the overall political direction of the Brotherhood. This ultimately led to their downfall, paving the way for a new era of governance in Egypt.","PeriodicalId":297047,"journal":{"name":"Tikrit Journal For Political Science","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123841195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.25130/tjfps.v2i32.197
Siran Qasem Mahmood, Dr. Siran Qasem Mahmood
Sustainable development is one of the most important special studies, which constitutes an entity of knowledge and an integrated academic system , as the efforts of the countries of the world combined to pay attention to it , so it was due to the developments and problems that the world witnessed, human needs and the increasing risks on the one hand, and the possibility of depletion of energy resources and its inability to renew on the other hand, the need to adopt development appeared To confront sustainable political , economic and social problems because neglecting them will affect all sectors , so the need to lay foundations , rules and future strategies and adopt a methodology and good governance to promote and develop the development process because the success of any country and society depends on the extent of the ability of individuals to develop and pay attention to development and investment plans, and Iraq has resources, energies and capabilities, but It has not been properly employed to achieve progress in indicators of sustainable development and to provide a decent standard of living for members of society and to guarantee the rights of future generations, as well as the absence of wise development management in setting and implementing policies, programs and plans to bring about a quantum leap in all sectors because efficient management is able to achieve high levels of sustainable development Even if there are human and material obstacles.
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Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.25130/tjfps.v2i32.200
سرى حسين خضر
سعت عملية الهندسة السياسية إلى إيجاد البديل الأمثل ، وهو التغيير من خلال عملية التحول الديمقراطي في النظام الكوري الجنوبي ككل ، والتي من خلالها حركت عجلة التنمية الاقتصادية التي وضعتها في مصاف الدول المتقدمة اقتصاديًا وبعقود قليلة وكان أحد الأسباب الرئيسية والمهمة تماشياً مع طبيعة دورها أنها أنجزت الهندسة السياسية على المستويين الإقليمي والدولي ، بناءً على هذا الوضع ، بدأت الأنظمة السياسية المتعاقبة في كوريا الجنوبية بوضع خطط إستراتيجية طموحة للتنمية في مجالات الصناعة والتعليم ، مما أدى إلى نمو الطبقة الوسطى وكذلك الطبقة العاملة تحت السيطرة السياسية الحاكمة ولهذا السبب ، فإن مسيرة الأحداث الاجتماعية والاقتصادية والسياسية في كوريا الجنوبية ، على الصعيدين الداخلي والخارجي ، تتماشى مع هدف إجبار الحكومة الكورية على التراجع عن الديكتاتورية العسكرية واعتماد نظام ديمقراطي حكومي مع موقع كوريا الجنوبية في العالم.
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