Pub Date : 2021-10-18DOI: 10.24908/ijesjp.v8i2.14395
J. Chihota, G. Harding, Lance Louskieter, J. Mcmillan, S. Mkhonta, S. Oliver
Globally, higher education is at a crossroads on so many levels: funding, course development, who our students are, what knowledge is relevant for the world of work and beyond, what kinds of students do we want to graduate, and who are we as educators. All these questions (and more) have been around for some time; the current COVID-19 context however brings them even more sharply to the fore. This paper responds to the prompt about how we train professionals for the future so that they don’t participate in systems of oppression and inequality. It was written in 2017 in response to a conference on social and epistemic justice in the wake of the 2015 student protest movements and was written collaboratively by an intergenerational group of educators working on a course in the Engineering and Built Environment (EBE) Faculty at the University of Cape Town, South Africa. All of us have a strong commitment to social justice, and to providing engineering students with an opportunity to think about their professional identity through the lens of community engagement. While written before the onset of COVID-19, we believe that the arguments we make are pertinent to the current context. Drawing on the Honors’ thesis of one member of our group, we sought to reflect on and analyze our work in this context. In particular, the principles of multi-centricity, indigeneity and reflexivity (Dei, 2014) proved useful in making sense of our practice and our work together.
{"title":"Engaging the social: Community engaged pedagogy in the context of decolonization and transformation at the University of Cape Town","authors":"J. Chihota, G. Harding, Lance Louskieter, J. Mcmillan, S. Mkhonta, S. Oliver","doi":"10.24908/ijesjp.v8i2.14395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24908/ijesjp.v8i2.14395","url":null,"abstract":"Globally, higher education is at a crossroads on so many levels: funding, course development, who our students are, what knowledge is relevant for the world of work and beyond, what kinds of students do we want to graduate, and who are we as educators. All these questions (and more) have been around for some time; the current COVID-19 context however brings them even more sharply to the fore. \u0000This paper responds to the prompt about how we train professionals for the future so that they don’t participate in systems of oppression and inequality. It was written in 2017 in response to a conference on social and epistemic justice in the wake of the 2015 student protest movements and was written collaboratively by an intergenerational group of educators working on a course in the Engineering and Built Environment (EBE) Faculty at the University of Cape Town, South Africa. All of us have a strong commitment to social justice, and to providing engineering students with an opportunity to think about their professional identity through the lens of community engagement. While written before the onset of COVID-19, we believe that the arguments we make are pertinent to the current context. Drawing on the Honors’ thesis of one member of our group, we sought to reflect on and analyze our work in this context. In particular, the principles of multi-centricity, indigeneity and reflexivity (Dei, 2014) proved useful in making sense of our practice and our work together.","PeriodicalId":29704,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Social Justice and Peace","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88944518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-25DOI: 10.24908/IJESJP.V8I1.14735
Mateus F. L. Pelanda, F. V. Amstel
A pandemia do coronavírus COVID-19 revelou fragilidades nos sistemas sócio-técnicos modernos. No Sul global, ela tornou visível o projeto político/empresarial que se beneficia de opressões enquanto se esquiva de discursos internacionais de preservação das pessoas e da natureza. Através do entrelaçamento dos conceitos de inversão infraestrutural, dos estudos de infraestrutura, com os conceitos de Omama, Urihi-a, Hutukara e Xawara do xamanismo yanomami, este ensaio busca compreender as conexões político-ecológicas que se tornaram aparentes durante o fenômeno da pandemia no Brasil. O trabalho reconstrói a narrativa da pandemia a partir do mapeamento das relações históricas de opressões que emergiram durante este processo. O texto se encerra com reflexões e apontamentos metodológicos sobre possibilidades de mudança de foco nas práticas de projetos de infraestruturas de informação a partir do pensamento ameríndio.
{"title":"A fumaça digital: inversão infraestrutural do COVID-19 pela perspectiva Yanomami","authors":"Mateus F. L. Pelanda, F. V. Amstel","doi":"10.24908/IJESJP.V8I1.14735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24908/IJESJP.V8I1.14735","url":null,"abstract":"A pandemia do coronavírus COVID-19 revelou fragilidades nos sistemas sócio-técnicos modernos. No Sul global, ela tornou visível o projeto político/empresarial que se beneficia de opressões enquanto se esquiva de discursos internacionais de preservação das pessoas e da natureza. Através do entrelaçamento dos conceitos de inversão infraestrutural, dos estudos de infraestrutura, com os conceitos de Omama, Urihi-a, Hutukara e Xawara do xamanismo yanomami, este ensaio busca compreender as conexões político-ecológicas que se tornaram aparentes durante o fenômeno da pandemia no Brasil. O trabalho reconstrói a narrativa da pandemia a partir do mapeamento das relações históricas de opressões que emergiram durante este processo. O texto se encerra com reflexões e apontamentos metodológicos sobre possibilidades de mudança de foco nas práticas de projetos de infraestruturas de informação a partir do pensamento ameríndio.","PeriodicalId":29704,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Social Justice and Peace","volume":"195 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78989495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-25DOI: 10.24908/IJESJP.V8I1.12726
Nora Pillard Reynolds
This article was part of a larger study that explored community participants’ perspectives in [Municipality, Country] about the long-term global service learning (GSL) partnership with [Name of university] University’s College of Engineering (Author, year). This article explores the question: From the community participants’ perspectives, what are their educational goals for the university engineering students in this partnership? While I intentionally centered this article on the community participants’ perspectives, I also explored areas of alignment and areas of difference between the different stakeholder groups’ perspectives about learning and knowledge. Although global citizenship surfaced in interviews with both community and university participants, the community participant perspectives push farther than the university administrators/ faculty and call for critical global citizenship education (Andreotti, 2006).
{"title":"From \"knowing\" to \"not knowing\": Critical global citizenship education for engineering partnerships","authors":"Nora Pillard Reynolds","doi":"10.24908/IJESJP.V8I1.12726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24908/IJESJP.V8I1.12726","url":null,"abstract":"This article was part of a larger study that explored community participants’ perspectives in [Municipality, Country] about the long-term global service learning (GSL) partnership with [Name of university] University’s College of Engineering (Author, year). This article explores the question: From the community participants’ perspectives, what are their educational goals for the university engineering students in this partnership? While I intentionally centered this article on the community participants’ perspectives, I also explored areas of alignment and areas of difference between the different stakeholder groups’ perspectives about learning and knowledge. Although global citizenship surfaced in interviews with both community and university participants, the community participant perspectives push farther than the university administrators/ faculty and call for critical global citizenship education (Andreotti, 2006).","PeriodicalId":29704,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Social Justice and Peace","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84454055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-05DOI: 10.24908/IJESJP.V8I1.14292
Juan David Reina-Rozo
The purpose of this text is to reflect on the ways that science fiction allows criticism on the modern technology path. Imagination has allowed us to think of some ends of the world, but it has been a privileged space. Creating other possible futures for our relationship with energy is essential. Corporate renewable energy projects are emerging in corners of the planet where green capitalism has not yet reached. In this way, the creation of alternatives to centralized and corporate models of energy generation, distribution and consumption must go through new potentialities of inhabiting new possible futures. Science fiction is a literature genre that has inspired generations of people assembling art and techno-science as well as dystopia. Solarpunk has been consolidated as a space of counter-cultural hope to allow us to go beyond social-ecological injustices and growing epistemic and ontological violence. This genre is derived from other currents such as Cyberpunk, Steampunk and Dieselpunk, elucidating another relationship between technology, society and nature, nourished in turn by climate sci-fi, Indigenous and Afro-futurist science fiction. In this sense, a concept revision is made in three spheres: i) historical, based on its digital origins; ii) literary, based on the edited anthologies and iii) academic, of the reflections that it has raised. Finally, the Solarpunk Manifesto, revealed at the beginning of 2020, is shared in order to continue its co-creation.
{"title":"Art, Energy and Technology: the Solarpunk Movement","authors":"Juan David Reina-Rozo","doi":"10.24908/IJESJP.V8I1.14292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24908/IJESJP.V8I1.14292","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this text is to reflect on the ways that science fiction allows criticism on the modern technology path. Imagination has allowed us to think of some ends of the world, but it has been a privileged space. Creating other possible futures for our relationship with energy is essential. Corporate renewable energy projects are emerging in corners of the planet where green capitalism has not yet reached. In this way, the creation of alternatives to centralized and corporate models of energy generation, distribution and consumption must go through new potentialities of inhabiting new possible futures. Science fiction is a literature genre that has inspired generations of people assembling art and techno-science as well as dystopia. Solarpunk has been consolidated as a space of counter-cultural hope to allow us to go beyond social-ecological injustices and growing epistemic and ontological violence. This genre is derived from other currents such as Cyberpunk, Steampunk and Dieselpunk, elucidating another relationship between technology, society and nature, nourished in turn by climate sci-fi, Indigenous and Afro-futurist science fiction. In this sense, a concept revision is made in three spheres: i) historical, based on its digital origins; ii) literary, based on the edited anthologies and iii) academic, of the reflections that it has raised. Finally, the Solarpunk Manifesto, revealed at the beginning of 2020, is shared in order to continue its co-creation.","PeriodicalId":29704,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Social Justice and Peace","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87463150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-05DOI: 10.24908/IJESJP.V8I1.13454
I. Coxon
Oil and water don’t mix: a common expression describing two things that do not usually combine well. In this paper I use this analogy to discuss some of the techniques and methods used within a Danish postgraduate engineering stream to merge the contested territory between Human Science, abductive thinking and Natural Science, logical preconceptions (Water & Oil). The course was designed to help young engineers to step outside their normal positivist system of thinking and to explore, embrace or at least suspend judgement on various forms of emotional/meta-physical logic. Students were introduced to practical methods for developing deeper insight into specific human experiences and to apply this genuinely human-centred perspective to their 'engineered' solutions. The broader goal being, to help students to come to deeper understandings and appreciation of the people for whom they would propose design 'solutions'. The pedagogical process was intended to disrupt their preconceptions in such a way as to help them see many situations more clearly; a process of in-sight based engineering.
{"title":"Like Water & Oil: Merging Human Science Insights with Natural Science (Engineering) Thinking… the experiential way","authors":"I. Coxon","doi":"10.24908/IJESJP.V8I1.13454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24908/IJESJP.V8I1.13454","url":null,"abstract":"Oil and water don’t mix: a common expression describing two things that do not usually combine well. In this paper I use this analogy to discuss some of the techniques and methods used within a Danish postgraduate engineering stream to merge the contested territory between Human Science, abductive thinking and Natural Science, logical preconceptions (Water & Oil). The course was designed to help young engineers to step outside their normal positivist system of thinking and to explore, embrace or at least suspend judgement on various forms of emotional/meta-physical logic. Students were introduced to practical methods for developing deeper insight into specific human experiences and to apply this genuinely human-centred perspective to their 'engineered' solutions. The broader goal being, to help students to come to deeper understandings and appreciation of the people for whom they would propose design 'solutions'. The pedagogical process was intended to disrupt their preconceptions in such a way as to help them see many situations more clearly; a process of in-sight based engineering.","PeriodicalId":29704,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Social Justice and Peace","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80007552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-05DOI: 10.24908/IJESJP.V8I1.14213
Andrés Leonardo León
El presente artículo es una reflexión general sobre el papel de la ingeniería en la crisis civilizatoria, en general, y en la de la pandemia del covid-19, en particular.
这篇文章是对工程在文明危机中的作用的总体反思，特别是在covid-19大流行中。
{"title":"Repensar la Ingeniería para Superar la Crisis","authors":"Andrés Leonardo León","doi":"10.24908/IJESJP.V8I1.14213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24908/IJESJP.V8I1.14213","url":null,"abstract":"El presente artículo es una reflexión general sobre el papel de la ingeniería en la crisis civilizatoria, en general, y en la de la pandemia del covid-19, en particular.","PeriodicalId":29704,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Social Justice and Peace","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74582475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-05DOI: 10.24908/ijesjp.v8i1.14275
L. Upegui, Andres Acero
Un mapa interactivo que presenta un panorama de posibilidades para una práctica comprometida y abierta de la ingeniería. El mapa cuatro secciones, cada una con un video correspondiente en YouTube, que se pueden recorrer en cualquier orden. Todas las ideas presentadas son subjetivas, los autores invitan a continuar la discusión en la herramienta de “comentarios” en los enlaces de dichos videos.
{"title":"Mappa Ingeniare","authors":"L. Upegui, Andres Acero","doi":"10.24908/ijesjp.v8i1.14275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24908/ijesjp.v8i1.14275","url":null,"abstract":"Un mapa interactivo que presenta un panorama de posibilidades para una práctica comprometida y abierta de la ingeniería. El mapa cuatro secciones, cada una con un video correspondiente en YouTube, que se pueden recorrer en cualquier orden. Todas las ideas presentadas son subjetivas, los autores invitan a continuar la discusión en la herramienta de “comentarios” en los enlaces de dichos videos.","PeriodicalId":29704,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Social Justice and Peace","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77488609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-03DOI: 10.24908/IJESJP.V8I1.14211
L. Nguyen
On May 25th, 2020, George Floyd’s death sparked an international outrage that embroils all extremes of the political, ethical, legal, and historical discourse on racist policing practices. Yet, there are STEM professionals who refrain from public and political discussions simply because they believe that these discussions are irrelevant to their professions. The purpose of this article is to call on those who have remained silent to speak out in support of the Black Lives Matter, specifically those scientific and engineering professionals who practice the “culture of disengagement” from politics and public discourse, for silence equates complicity when it comes to racism.
{"title":"Engineering a Culture of Public Engagement in the Trump Era—Challenging the Status Quo","authors":"L. Nguyen","doi":"10.24908/IJESJP.V8I1.14211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24908/IJESJP.V8I1.14211","url":null,"abstract":"On May 25th, 2020, George Floyd’s death sparked an international outrage that embroils all extremes of the political, ethical, legal, and historical discourse on racist policing practices. Yet, there are STEM professionals who refrain from public and political discussions simply because they believe that these discussions are irrelevant to their professions. The purpose of this article is to call on those who have remained silent to speak out in support of the Black Lives Matter, specifically those scientific and engineering professionals who practice the “culture of disengagement” from politics and public discourse, for silence equates complicity when it comes to racism.","PeriodicalId":29704,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Social Justice and Peace","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85883817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Open science hardware (OSH) is a term frequently used to refer to artifacts, but also to a practice, a discipline and a collective of people worldwide pushing for open access to the design of tools to produce scientific knowledge. The Global Open Science Hardware (GOSH) movement gathers actors from academia, education, the private sector and civil society advocating for OSH to be ubiquitous by 2025. This paper examines the GOSH movement’s emergence and main features through the lens of transitions theory and the grassroots innovation movements framework. GOSH is here described embedded in the context of the wider open hardware movement and analyzed in terms of framings that inform it, spaces opened up for action and strategies developed to open them. It is expected that this approach provides insights on niche development in the particular case of transitions towards more plural and democratic sociotechnical systems.
{"title":"Opening Up The Tools For Doing Science: The Case Of The Global Open Science Hardware Movement","authors":"Julieta Arancio","doi":"10.31235/osf.io/46keb","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/46keb","url":null,"abstract":"Open science hardware (OSH) is a term frequently used to refer to artifacts, but also to a practice, a discipline and a collective of people worldwide pushing for open access to the design of tools to produce scientific knowledge. The Global Open Science Hardware (GOSH) movement gathers actors from academia, education, the private sector and civil society advocating for OSH to be ubiquitous by 2025. This paper examines the GOSH movement’s emergence and main features through the lens of transitions theory and the grassroots innovation movements framework. GOSH is here described embedded in the context of the wider open hardware movement and analyzed in terms of framings that inform it, spaces opened up for action and strategies developed to open them. It is expected that this approach provides insights on niche development in the particular case of transitions towards more plural and democratic sociotechnical systems.","PeriodicalId":29704,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Social Justice and Peace","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87483721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-03-04DOI: 10.24908/ijesjp.v7i2.13975
Nicolás Gaitán-Albarracín, Andres Acero, Claudia Grisales Bohórquez, B. Serpa, Juan David Reina-Rozo
Explorar el límite ha sido parte de nuestra experiencia como humanos, desafiar lo conocido y encontrarse con la otredad, lo que existe más allá de nuestra propia existencia, ha sido una de las más ambiciosas empresas que la humanidad ha creado. Nuestro lugar, ya sea como personas, profesionales, miembros de una comunidad o simplemente como ingenieres, ha sido permeado a través de un millón de interacciones históricas, ambientales y culturales. Sin embargo, la pregunta por las fronteras es cada vez más pertinente. Y más que preguntarse, la posibilidad innegable de vivir en los espacios liminales, en donde hacemos parte de algo pero también de lo otro, tener límites cada vez más difusos, hace parte de una reflexión constante de lo que significa Nepantla , el espacio entre el aquí y el allá. Por eso este número hace un homenaje a este proceso 1
{"title":"Hacia una praxis de la ingeniería en clave de Nepantla","authors":"Nicolás Gaitán-Albarracín, Andres Acero, Claudia Grisales Bohórquez, B. Serpa, Juan David Reina-Rozo","doi":"10.24908/ijesjp.v7i2.13975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24908/ijesjp.v7i2.13975","url":null,"abstract":"Explorar el límite ha sido parte de nuestra experiencia como humanos, desafiar lo conocido y encontrarse con la otredad, lo que existe más allá de nuestra propia existencia, ha sido una de las más ambiciosas empresas que la humanidad ha creado. Nuestro lugar, ya sea como personas, profesionales, miembros de una comunidad o simplemente como ingenieres, ha sido permeado a través de un millón de interacciones históricas, ambientales y culturales. Sin embargo, la pregunta por las fronteras es cada vez más pertinente. Y más que preguntarse, la posibilidad innegable de vivir en los espacios liminales, en donde hacemos parte de algo pero también de lo otro, tener límites cada vez más difusos, hace parte de una reflexión constante de lo que significa Nepantla , el espacio entre el aquí y el allá. Por eso este número hace un homenaje a este proceso 1","PeriodicalId":29704,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Social Justice and Peace","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88924043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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