Pub Date : 2020-06-12DOI: 10.31520/2616-7107/2020.4.2-4
G. Duginets, Y. Redina
Introduction. The environment in which enterprises operate in the 21st century is becoming qualitatively different: the intensification of competition in a saturated market leads to an increase in the degree of uncertainty, and hence to the emergence of unpredictable factors. Because uncertainty is a source of risk, it should be minimized by obtaining quality, reliable, comprehensive information. In Ukraine, declaring asymmetric information is done in a completely opposite way than abroad: real property, revenue and profit, on the contrary to developed capitalist countries, are understated to minimize taxation. In both cases, such information asymmetry gives potential investors misconceptions about the solvency of a company and the efficiency of its activities. Aim and tasks. To investigate how the presence of information asymmetry in the economic environment affects the assessment of the solvency of economic entities from the perspective of investors. The obtained conclusions will allow to determine what exactly needs to be done in the direction of further improvement of regulatory instruments of state policy in this area. Research results. With the growth of information saturation of society and the greater extent of replication and interpretation of source information, it becomes easier to abuse, manipulate information, and to mislead people. Obstructing the rational behavior of economic entities and generating additional costs (information retrieval costs), the asymmetry of information leads to inefficient functioning, and also causes restrictions on competition. The main universal models of investor behavior in a market in the conditions of information asymmetry, which are actually aimed at the inevitability of unexpected and sharp reversals of market conditions (so-called "black swans"), are analyzed. Conclusion. A company's financial statements contain information that should be interpreted as asymmetrically distributed information. Approaches based on methods of detecting and accounting for asymmetry in the annual reporting of companies are promising for remedying its negative impact. On the other hand, these approaches must also take into account the fact that in the XXI century, the functions of intermediaries are easily deformed, information technologies are ineffective, and the rules of rational behavior may lead to failure. Therefore, overcoming uncertainty and information asymmetry requires taking into account N. Taleb's approach to the existence of "black swans". Moreover, it is a demand of the present time: in early 2020, the whole world encountered one of these "black swans", namely the global COVID-19 outbreak.
{"title":"Influence of information asymmetry on the assessment of a company’s solvency","authors":"G. Duginets, Y. Redina","doi":"10.31520/2616-7107/2020.4.2-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31520/2616-7107/2020.4.2-4","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The environment in which enterprises operate in the 21st century is becoming qualitatively different: the intensification of competition in a saturated market leads to an increase in the degree of uncertainty, and hence to the emergence of unpredictable factors. Because uncertainty is a source of risk, it should be minimized by obtaining quality, reliable, comprehensive information. In Ukraine, declaring asymmetric information is done in a completely opposite way than abroad: real property, revenue and profit, on the contrary to developed capitalist countries, are understated to minimize taxation. In both cases, such information asymmetry gives potential investors misconceptions about the solvency of a company and the efficiency of its activities. \u0000Aim and tasks. To investigate how the presence of information asymmetry in the economic environment affects the assessment of the solvency of economic entities from the perspective of investors. The obtained conclusions will allow to determine what exactly needs to be done in the direction of further improvement of regulatory instruments of state policy in this area. \u0000Research results. With the growth of information saturation of society and the greater extent of replication and interpretation of source information, it becomes easier to abuse, manipulate information, and to mislead people. Obstructing the rational behavior of economic entities and generating additional costs (information retrieval costs), the asymmetry of information leads to inefficient functioning, and also causes restrictions on competition. The main universal models of investor behavior in a market in the conditions of information asymmetry, which are actually aimed at the inevitability of unexpected and sharp reversals of market conditions (so-called \"black swans\"), are analyzed. \u0000Conclusion. A company's financial statements contain information that should be interpreted as asymmetrically distributed information. Approaches based on methods of detecting and accounting for asymmetry in the annual reporting of companies are promising for remedying its negative impact. On the other hand, these approaches must also take into account the fact that in the XXI century, the functions of intermediaries are easily deformed, information technologies are ineffective, and the rules of rational behavior may lead to failure. Therefore, overcoming uncertainty and information asymmetry requires taking into account N. Taleb's approach to the existence of \"black swans\". Moreover, it is a demand of the present time: in early 2020, the whole world encountered one of these \"black swans\", namely the global COVID-19 outbreak.","PeriodicalId":29705,"journal":{"name":"Economics Ecology Socium","volume":"47 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72489118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-30DOI: 10.31520/2616-7107/2019.3.4-3
R. Tamošiūnienė, M. Demianchuk, V. Koval
Introduction The deepening crisis in numerous business entities of various sizes is due to macroeconomic and domestic political instability, complicated by the consumer credit crisis, as well as tax and administrative pressure. Therefore, the acute problem of bankruptcy of business entities of different sizes and the need to regulate this issue at the state level. Unprofitable business entities of various sizes cause negative consequences for the domestic economy. Aim and tasks. The purpose of the work is to study state regulation of relations in the field of bankruptcy in the economy of Ukraine. Results. The factors, internal and external, preceding the bankruptcy of economic entities. Thus, the external preconditions of bankruptcy are international, economic, political, demographic and others. Internal prerequisites include economic, technical, technological, social and others. The characteristic and gradation criteria of business entities in accordance with legislative acts of Ukraine are presented. It was revealed that the proportion of sales of micro-enterprises is unequal to their share in the total number of enterprises, indicating their negligible contribution to the development of the national economy. According to the results of empirical studies, it was found that during the analyzed period the share of unprofitable enterprises of different sizes is at least a 25%. Such a large number entails not only low financial stability, insolvency and efficiency of business entities themselves, but also inhibits the process of economic growth of the whole country. The application of the method of multivariate discriminant analysis will allow us to draw a conclusion about the financial condition with assigning it a class in accordance with the values of the integral indicator and taking into account the probability of non-fulfillment of obligations, that is, to identify the presence of an unprofitable enterprise and the likelihood of bankruptcy. Conclusions. So, an analysis of the criteria for graduation of business entities made it possible to establish the difference between the administrative and accounting interpretation of the criteria for the attitude of enterprises to various sizes. The dynamics of structural statistics indicators of domestic business entities were monitored, suggesting that individual entrepreneurs make an insignificant contribution to the development of the national economy. Since a quarter of business entities still remain unprofitable, it is necessary to take preventive measures to prevent the loss of solvency by enterprises, one of which is to identify the existence of an unprofitable enterprise and the likelihood of bankruptcy.
{"title":"State regulation of bankruptcy relations in the national economy","authors":"R. Tamošiūnienė, M. Demianchuk, V. Koval","doi":"10.31520/2616-7107/2019.3.4-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31520/2616-7107/2019.3.4-3","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction The deepening crisis in numerous business entities of various sizes is due to macroeconomic and domestic political instability, complicated by the consumer credit crisis, as well as tax and administrative pressure. Therefore, the acute problem of bankruptcy of business entities of different sizes and the need to regulate this issue at the state level. Unprofitable business entities of various sizes cause negative consequences for the domestic economy. \u0000Aim and tasks. The purpose of the work is to study state regulation of relations in the field of bankruptcy in the economy of Ukraine. \u0000Results. The factors, internal and external, preceding the bankruptcy of economic entities. Thus, the external preconditions of bankruptcy are international, economic, political, demographic and others. Internal prerequisites include economic, technical, technological, social and others. The characteristic and gradation criteria of business entities in accordance with legislative acts of Ukraine are presented. It was revealed that the proportion of sales of micro-enterprises is unequal to their share in the total number of enterprises, indicating their negligible contribution to the development of the national economy. According to the results of empirical studies, it was found that during the analyzed period the share of unprofitable enterprises of different sizes is at least a 25%. Such a large number entails not only low financial stability, insolvency and efficiency of business entities themselves, but also inhibits the process of economic growth of the whole country. The application of the method of multivariate discriminant analysis will allow us to draw a conclusion about the financial condition with assigning it a class in accordance with the values of the integral indicator and taking into account the probability of non-fulfillment of obligations, that is, to identify the presence of an unprofitable enterprise and the likelihood of bankruptcy. \u0000Conclusions. So, an analysis of the criteria for graduation of business entities made it possible to establish the difference between the administrative and accounting interpretation of the criteria for the attitude of enterprises to various sizes. The dynamics of structural statistics indicators of domestic business entities were monitored, suggesting that individual entrepreneurs make an insignificant contribution to the development of the national economy. Since a quarter of business entities still remain unprofitable, it is necessary to take preventive measures to prevent the loss of solvency by enterprises, one of which is to identify the existence of an unprofitable enterprise and the likelihood of bankruptcy.","PeriodicalId":29705,"journal":{"name":"Economics Ecology Socium","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82313223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.31520/2616-7107/2019.3.3-11
N. Bieliaieva
Іntrоductіоn. Persоnnel management іs a multіfaceted and extremely cоmplex prоcess, characterіzed by іts specіfіc features and patterns. Tоday, effectіve HR management іs оne оf the key pоіnts іn іmprоvіng prоductіvіty and creatіng cоmpetіtіve prоducts. Іncоmpetence оf managers іn thіs fіeld leads tо іneffіcіent use оf human resоurces іn the cоndіtіоns оf fіerce cоmpetіtіоn amоng exіstіng enterprіses. Іn thіs regard, enterprіses need tо cоnduct a cоmprehensіve analysіs that wіll іdentіfy prоblems and prevent them frоm оccurrіng іn the future. Such an analysіs may be presented іn the fоrm оf a staff audіt, hr audіt, persоnnel audіt. At the same tіme, sіnce thіs cоncept іs bоrrоwed frоm іnternatіоnal experіence, іt іs apprоprіate tо іnvestіgate this dіfference between оf the cоncepts оf “HR audіt”, “staff audіt”, “persоnnel audіt” іn the іnternatіоnal practіce. Aіm and tasks. The purpоse оf the research іs tо study the іnternatіоnal practіce оf applyіng the cоncepts оf «HR audіt», «staff audіt», «persоnnel audіt». Results. Оrganіzatіоns are cоntinuоusly evоlvіng. But if we are gоing tо talk abоut the pоlіcіes and prоcedures, they оften remaіn unchanged. Sо tо dіmіnіsh legal іssues and tо be sure that a cоmpany stіll cоmplіes wіth the labоr and emplоyment laws, іt іs іmpоrtant tо perfоrm an audіt in personnel management sphere. It cоuld sоund like dauntіng, but, really, іt іs a valuable tооl that can help the cоmpany tо stay up tо date and be able tо thrіve all the time. The analysis of the use of the terms "human resource audit", "staff audit", "personal audit" in international practice is carried out. The connection between the term "HR audit" and personnel management is justified. The difference in the application of concepts in international practice is determined. Cоnclusіоns. The term “HR audіt” іs mоre new and wіder, than “persоnnel audіt” оr “staff audіt”. Cоmpanies need tо use this audіt tо prоvіde recоmmendatіоns whіch wіll help them tо іmprоve оperatіоns, prоductivity, effectiveness. As a rule, HR prоfessіоnals can perfоrm this analysis, this assessment by themselves, but they alsо can hіre an external оrganizatiоns. Systematіcally cоnductіng an HR audіt wіll alsо make a pоsіtіve impact оn the emplоyees, knоwіng that their cоmpany takes an actіve steps tо make better theirs wоrkіng cоndіtіоns. Such changes wіll pоsitively influenced the way оf wоrkіng and alsо іncreased emplоyee mоrale.
{"title":"Internatiоnal practice оf the cоncepts use оf “HR audit”, “staff audit”, “persоnnel audit”","authors":"N. Bieliaieva","doi":"10.31520/2616-7107/2019.3.3-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31520/2616-7107/2019.3.3-11","url":null,"abstract":"Іntrоductіоn. Persоnnel management іs a multіfaceted and extremely cоmplex prоcess, characterіzed by іts specіfіc features and patterns. Tоday, effectіve HR management іs оne оf the key pоіnts іn іmprоvіng prоductіvіty and creatіng cоmpetіtіve prоducts. Іncоmpetence оf managers іn thіs fіeld leads tо іneffіcіent use оf human resоurces іn the cоndіtіоns оf fіerce cоmpetіtіоn amоng exіstіng enterprіses. Іn thіs regard, enterprіses need tо cоnduct a cоmprehensіve analysіs that wіll іdentіfy prоblems and prevent them frоm оccurrіng іn the future. Such an analysіs may be presented іn the fоrm оf a staff audіt, hr audіt, persоnnel audіt. At the same tіme, sіnce thіs cоncept іs bоrrоwed frоm іnternatіоnal experіence, іt іs apprоprіate tо іnvestіgate this dіfference between оf the cоncepts оf “HR audіt”, “staff audіt”, “persоnnel audіt” іn the іnternatіоnal practіce. \u0000Aіm and tasks. The purpоse оf the research іs tо study the іnternatіоnal practіce оf applyіng the cоncepts оf «HR audіt», «staff audіt», «persоnnel audіt». \u0000Results. Оrganіzatіоns are cоntinuоusly evоlvіng. But if we are gоing tо talk abоut the pоlіcіes and prоcedures, they оften remaіn unchanged. Sо tо dіmіnіsh legal іssues and tо be sure that a cоmpany stіll cоmplіes wіth the labоr and emplоyment laws, іt іs іmpоrtant tо perfоrm an audіt in personnel management sphere. It cоuld sоund like dauntіng, but, really, іt іs a valuable tооl that can help the cоmpany tо stay up tо date and be able tо thrіve all the time. The analysis of the use of the terms \"human resource audit\", \"staff audit\", \"personal audit\" in international practice is carried out. The connection between the term \"HR audit\" and personnel management is justified. The difference in the application of concepts in international practice is determined. \u0000Cоnclusіоns. The term “HR audіt” іs mоre new and wіder, than “persоnnel audіt” оr “staff audіt”. Cоmpanies need tо use this audіt tо prоvіde recоmmendatіоns whіch wіll help them tо іmprоve оperatіоns, prоductivity, effectiveness. As a rule, HR prоfessіоnals can perfоrm this analysis, this assessment by themselves, but they alsо can hіre an external оrganizatiоns. Systematіcally cоnductіng an HR audіt wіll alsо make a pоsіtіve impact оn the emplоyees, knоwіng that their cоmpany takes an actіve steps tо make better theirs wоrkіng cоndіtіоns. Such changes wіll pоsitively influenced the way оf wоrkіng and alsо іncreased emplоyee mоrale.","PeriodicalId":29705,"journal":{"name":"Economics Ecology Socium","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80286278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.31520/2616-7107/2019.3.3-7
M. Demianchuk, Bekhruzkhon Hislatxon o'g'li Makhamadaliev, V. Kotlubai, Helen Shramko
Introduction. The activity of each market entity is associated with the risk that must be prevented and reduced by the insurance target. World experience shows that well-established insurance business actively contributes to business development and solving social problems. The degree of insurance development is an indicator of the maturity of market relations. Aim and tasks. The purpose of the study is to determine the impact of globalization and integration processes on the activities of insurance organizations. Results. Therefore, the analysis of the world and insurance market of Ukraine was conducted in the work, which made it possible to establish that the latter is in a difficult situation, but a positive trend of its development exists. The problems of development of insurance organizations are revealed and the measures for their solution in the conditions of the present with the use of correlation-regression modeling are argued. The identified factors that slow down the development of insurance in Ukraine are presented by such groups as economic, organizational-legal, functional, information-analytical and social-psychological. On the basis of correlation-regression modeling and taking into account the trends of functioning of the domestic and world markets of insurance services, as well as taking into account the most acute problems faced by the market of insurance services of Ukraine, the priorities for promoting the development of the insurance market of Ukraine in order to overcome the influence of adverse factors have been established. Conclusions. On the basis of the conducted researches concerning determination of influence of globalization and integration processes on activity of insurance organizations it can be stated that the insurance market of Ukraine is at the stage of development and integration into the world space. Despite certain achievements, it is characterized by shortcomings, the presence of which shows the prospects for development and, thus, the potential for Ukraine. Taking into account the trends of functioning of the domestic and world markets of insurance services, as well as taking into account the most acute problems faced by the market of insurance services of Ukraine, the priorities for promoting the development of the insurance market of Ukraine were established in order to overcome the influence of adverse factors.
{"title":"The influence of globalization and integration processes on the activity of insurance organizations","authors":"M. Demianchuk, Bekhruzkhon Hislatxon o'g'li Makhamadaliev, V. Kotlubai, Helen Shramko","doi":"10.31520/2616-7107/2019.3.3-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31520/2616-7107/2019.3.3-7","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The activity of each market entity is associated with the risk that must be prevented and reduced by the insurance target. World experience shows that well-established insurance business actively contributes to business development and solving social problems. The degree of insurance development is an indicator of the maturity of market relations. \u0000Aim and tasks. The purpose of the study is to determine the impact of globalization and integration processes on the activities of insurance organizations. \u0000Results. Therefore, the analysis of the world and insurance market of Ukraine was conducted in the work, which made it possible to establish that the latter is in a difficult situation, but a positive trend of its development exists. The problems of development of insurance organizations are revealed and the measures for their solution in the conditions of the present with the use of correlation-regression modeling are argued. The identified factors that slow down the development of insurance in Ukraine are presented by such groups as economic, organizational-legal, functional, information-analytical and social-psychological. On the basis of correlation-regression modeling and taking into account the trends of functioning of the domestic and world markets of insurance services, as well as taking into account the most acute problems faced by the market of insurance services of Ukraine, the priorities for promoting the development of the insurance market of Ukraine in order to overcome the influence of adverse factors have been established. \u0000Conclusions. On the basis of the conducted researches concerning determination of influence of globalization and integration processes on activity of insurance organizations it can be stated that the insurance market of Ukraine is at the stage of development and integration into the world space. Despite certain achievements, it is characterized by shortcomings, the presence of which shows the prospects for development and, thus, the potential for Ukraine. Taking into account the trends of functioning of the domestic and world markets of insurance services, as well as taking into account the most acute problems faced by the market of insurance services of Ukraine, the priorities for promoting the development of the insurance market of Ukraine were established in order to overcome the influence of adverse factors.","PeriodicalId":29705,"journal":{"name":"Economics Ecology Socium","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87782529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.31520/2616-7107/2019.3.3-2
Katarina Kravos
Introduction. The paper reviews the literature on characteristics of labour market and its effect on career of people with special needs. While independent career guidance and management remains difficult for people with special needs, because of the rapid changes in the modern labour market, the evidence shows that their career remains a challenge mostly because of the way they are viewed – they are often viewed through their deficits, disabilities, and illnesses. Aim and tasks. The purpose of this paper is to suggest a new, inclusive perspective in career counselling of persons with special needs and their careers. By abandoning the medical paradigm in career of people with special needs, we focus on advantage competences model and self-determination. Results. It is shown that today’s labour market has become unstable and unpredictable, which can be proven by an increased development of atypical ways of employment. The changes in today’s labour market have also affected the careers of people with special needs, who are additionally faced with possible illnesses, disorders, and other barriers. Therefore, we may expect that they may require more help from career advisers and different approaches in counselling. In addition, characteristics of today’s labour market suggest that we must focus on different career understanding – not as a guidance, as it cannot be further predicted, but as management, to become our own life/career agent. It should not be any different in people with special needs. The area of employing people with special needs has not yet abandon the medical paradigm, which is a barrier for their career management. Thus the new inclusive approach has been developed – an advantage competence model. In the model competences of people with special needs, there are a basis for career interventions, for finding a prospective area of career, where they are more likely to succeed. The model supports self-determination, which is recognized as a way of improving one’s self-esteem, a positive career identity, autonomy, maintain or improve quality of life and person’s active participation. Conclusions. Although the guidance and management of career is a challenge nowadays, it should be viewed as a positive challenge, which can nurture and develop our curiosity, flexibility, optimism, and gaining knowledge. The growing needs for labour market knowledge urge people to constantly gain competences, therefore, they can become managers of their own careers. Nevertheless, this process of career management should not be any different with people with special needs. By using advantages competence model, we rely on strengths every person has and builds on the potential of their independent career managing.
{"title":"Career management of special people needs in the labour market","authors":"Katarina Kravos","doi":"10.31520/2616-7107/2019.3.3-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31520/2616-7107/2019.3.3-2","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The paper reviews the literature on characteristics of labour market and its effect on career of people with special needs. While independent career guidance and management remains difficult for people with special needs, because of the rapid changes in the modern labour market, the evidence shows that their career remains a challenge mostly because of the way they are viewed – they are often viewed through their deficits, disabilities, and illnesses. \u0000Aim and tasks. The purpose of this paper is to suggest a new, inclusive perspective in career counselling of persons with special needs and their careers. By abandoning the medical paradigm in career of people with special needs, we focus on advantage competences model and self-determination. \u0000Results. It is shown that today’s labour market has become unstable and unpredictable, which can be proven by an increased development of atypical ways of employment. The changes in today’s labour market have also affected the careers of people with special needs, who are additionally faced with possible illnesses, disorders, and other barriers. Therefore, we may expect that they may require more help from career advisers and different approaches in counselling. In addition, characteristics of today’s labour market suggest that we must focus on different career understanding – not as a guidance, as it cannot be further predicted, but as management, to become our own life/career agent. It should not be any different in people with special needs. \u0000The area of employing people with special needs has not yet abandon the medical paradigm, which is a barrier for their career management. Thus the new inclusive approach has been developed – an advantage competence model. In the model competences of people with special needs, there are a basis for career interventions, for finding a prospective area of career, where they are more likely to succeed. The model supports self-determination, which is recognized as a way of improving one’s self-esteem, a positive career identity, autonomy, maintain or improve quality of life and person’s active participation. \u0000Conclusions. Although the guidance and management of career is a challenge nowadays, it should be viewed as a positive challenge, which can nurture and develop our curiosity, flexibility, optimism, and gaining knowledge. The growing needs for labour market knowledge urge people to constantly gain competences, therefore, they can become managers of their own careers. Nevertheless, this process of career management should not be any different with people with special needs. By using advantages competence model, we rely on strengths every person has and builds on the potential of their independent career managing.","PeriodicalId":29705,"journal":{"name":"Economics Ecology Socium","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83281506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.31520/2616-7107/2019.3.3-6
T. Lositska
Introduction. The pace of development of the agro-food market of Ukraine is extremely volatile, due to the determinants of the external environment and internal factors. In the context of accelerated integration processes, the potential of free trade areas and regional trade associations have an impact on the structure of the internal market as a whole and the agro-food market in particular. Given the leading position of the agro-food sector in the national economy and the significant share of grain exports in total exports of Ukraine, the problem of ensuring the efficiency of grain production is of particular relevance for the domestic economy. Aim and tasks. The purpose of this paper is is to systematize the methodological bases for determining the efficiency of grain production in modern conditions. According to the stated purpose, the main objectives of the study are: to generalize the instrument of production efficiency estimation in the market of agro-food products and to identificate the determinants of influence on efficiency of grain production in the conditions of increasing openness of national economies. Results. The results of the study of theoretical foundations of problems of ensuring the efficiency of agricultural production from the standpoint of economic and socio-economic approach made it possible to identify the determinants of increasing the efficiency of grain farming in the context of natural and climatic conditions, biological and organizational and technological features of its production. Based on the generalization of indicators of economic efficiency of placement and specialization of grain production, it is determined that the efficiency of grain production can be calculated on the basis of indicators in the context of quantitative and qualitative indicators. Conclusions. Given the prospect of maintaining its strategic importance not only in agriculture, but in the Ukrainian economy as a whole, grain will continue to remain dominant in the development of the agro-industrial complex, both in terms of the need to provide food security and in view of the potential for increasing export potential in Ukraine in this area. Forecasts of future world trade trends by major agricultural commodities are favorable for Ukraine in the medium term, given the potential of domestic grain exports. Prospects for further study of this issue are to identify the ways of strengthening the export orientation of Ukrainian enterprises in the grain market.
{"title":"Methodical aspects of determining the efficiency of grain production in modern conditions","authors":"T. Lositska","doi":"10.31520/2616-7107/2019.3.3-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31520/2616-7107/2019.3.3-6","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The pace of development of the agro-food market of Ukraine is extremely volatile, due to the determinants of the external environment and internal factors. In the context of accelerated integration processes, the potential of free trade areas and regional trade associations have an impact on the structure of the internal market as a whole and the agro-food market in particular. Given the leading position of the agro-food sector in the national economy and the significant share of grain exports in total exports of Ukraine, the problem of ensuring the efficiency of grain production is of particular relevance for the domestic economy. \u0000Aim and tasks. The purpose of this paper is is to systematize the methodological bases for determining the efficiency of grain production in modern conditions. According to the stated purpose, the main objectives of the study are: to generalize the instrument of production efficiency estimation in the market of agro-food products and to identificate the determinants of influence on efficiency of grain production in the conditions of increasing openness of national economies. \u0000Results. The results of the study of theoretical foundations of problems of ensuring the efficiency of agricultural production from the standpoint of economic and socio-economic approach made it possible to identify the determinants of increasing the efficiency of grain farming in the context of natural and climatic conditions, biological and organizational and technological features of its production. Based on the generalization of indicators of economic efficiency of placement and specialization of grain production, it is determined that the efficiency of grain production can be calculated on the basis of indicators in the context of quantitative and qualitative indicators. \u0000Conclusions. Given the prospect of maintaining its strategic importance not only in agriculture, but in the Ukrainian economy as a whole, grain will continue to remain dominant in the development of the agro-industrial complex, both in terms of the need to provide food security and in view of the potential for increasing export potential in Ukraine in this area. Forecasts of future world trade trends by major agricultural commodities are favorable for Ukraine in the medium term, given the potential of domestic grain exports. Prospects for further study of this issue are to identify the ways of strengthening the export orientation of Ukrainian enterprises in the grain market.","PeriodicalId":29705,"journal":{"name":"Economics Ecology Socium","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85460681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.31520/2616-7107/2019.3.3-5
I. Kvach
Introduction. The current state of financial and economic government institutions negatively affects Ukrainian budget execution, and the general trend of deterioration in the standard of living of the people, in general leads to low level of functioning of the enterprise and their competitiveness, especially in such industry as trade. Aims and tasks. In the conditions of an unstable political and economic situation in commodity market and services to overcome disproportions between operating profit of some commodity groups of trade enterprise and its added value which indicates depreciation of the capital invested by owners not only doesn't provide compensation of investments, but also leads to losses because of inflationary processes therefore there is a need for the mutual integration of approaches of management of expenses for assessment. Results. The practical value of application of a method of Activity-based costing (ABC) and Economic Value Added (EVA) in management of expenses not only in creation of a system of accounting of expenses, but also and predictions through new approaches for the analysis for identification of unproductive fields of activity in value creation of a product is proved, including positively influences the growth of business activity for trade enterprises. In the field of innovative approaches the balanced system of indexes (BSI) and EVA methods harmoniously are integrated in processes of costs planning, management of them at the level of departments and in general are distributed among operation processes to responsible persons, which has a positive impact on maximizing capital cost of the enterprise. Conclusions. Application of methods of cost management as uniform system provides chance to distribute expenses on commodity groups and to define goods which create added value gives the chance to settle the impact of minimum change of influence of a factor on commodity turnover level due to decrease of unit cost in life cycle of a product through the analysis of a point of profitability for increase in investment attractiveness.
{"title":"The cost management approaches in trade industry","authors":"I. Kvach","doi":"10.31520/2616-7107/2019.3.3-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31520/2616-7107/2019.3.3-5","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The current state of financial and economic government institutions negatively affects Ukrainian budget execution, and the general trend of deterioration in the standard of living of the people, in general leads to low level of functioning of the enterprise and their competitiveness, especially in such industry as trade. \u0000Aims and tasks. In the conditions of an unstable political and economic situation in commodity market and services to overcome disproportions between operating profit of some commodity groups of trade enterprise and its added value which indicates depreciation of the capital invested by owners not only doesn't provide compensation of investments, but also leads to losses because of inflationary processes therefore there is a need for the mutual integration of approaches of management of expenses for assessment. \u0000Results. The practical value of application of a method of Activity-based costing (ABC) and Economic Value Added (EVA) in management of expenses not only in creation of a system of accounting of expenses, but also and predictions through new approaches for the analysis for identification of unproductive fields of activity in value creation of a product is proved, including positively influences the growth of business activity for trade enterprises. \u0000In the field of innovative approaches the balanced system of indexes (BSI) and EVA methods harmoniously are integrated in processes of costs planning, management of them at the level of departments and in general are distributed among operation processes to responsible persons, which has a positive impact on maximizing capital cost of the enterprise. \u0000Conclusions. Application of methods of cost management as uniform system provides chance to distribute expenses on commodity groups and to define goods which create added value gives the chance to settle the impact of minimum change of influence of a factor on commodity turnover level due to decrease of unit cost in life cycle of a product through the analysis of a point of profitability for increase in investment attractiveness.","PeriodicalId":29705,"journal":{"name":"Economics Ecology Socium","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73489287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.31520/2616-7107/2019.3.3-8
I. Openko, Y. Stepchuk, O. Tsvyakh
Introduction. The financial and economic mechanism rational use and protection of land forestry should be based on realization national land relations policy, which envisages comprehensive state support for efficient use of nature through financing of appropriate organizational measures and introduction of economic instruments, incentives for rational use of forest resources. The main levers of such a mechanism are fiscal, monetary, budgetary and other elements of influence on economic entities. Aims and tasks. To realization the delivered goal it is necessary to solve a number of tasks, namely: to determine the actual area of forest land within the respective united territorial communities in Ukraine, to determine the possible economic income from the use of these forested areas, to calculate the volumes of fiscal receipts to the budgets of united territorial communities from forestry enterprises. Results. With the help of geoinformation approach was installed, it was established that the forest area in the united territorial communities were concentrated in Zhytomyrskа (788.5 thousand ha), Chernihivska (583.6 thousand ha), Volynska (432.9 ha), Rivnenska (282, 8 thousand hectares), Sumska (216,0 thousand hectares) regions. Whereas the smallest forest area within the boundaries of the united territorial communities is concentrated in Kirovohradska, Zakarpatska, Mykolaivska, Zaporizka, Vinnytska, Donetska, Luhanska, Odeska, Khersonska regions. Conclusions. Besides, in the case of use of forest areas within united territorial communities utility companies, they pay 18% income tax, which comes fully to the budget of the united territorial communities. We have made calculation of such fiscal receipts by areas where forestry production it is profitable. Therefore, our proposed scientific approach to the development of a financial and economic mechanism for regulating the rational use of forest land use should be based on the totality of fiscal budgetary relationships between forest resources and subjects entrepreneurial activity, which are based on the application of the geospatial approach of accounting of forest areas as an integral part of information support for the effective functioning of the economic system as a whole. On the whole, due to the proposed financial and economic mechanism, the total amount of tax revenues to united territorial communities in Ukraine can be increased by 10.2% of the actual receipts from their own resources of the united territorial communities in Ukraine for 2015 – 2016, or 6.01% of total volume taxes on individuals' income the united territorial communities in 2018. At the same time, the forest area within the united territorial communities at the national level is only 18.95% as of 2019.
{"title":"Estimation of tax receipts from the use of forest land in the conditions of decentralization of authority","authors":"I. Openko, Y. Stepchuk, O. Tsvyakh","doi":"10.31520/2616-7107/2019.3.3-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31520/2616-7107/2019.3.3-8","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The financial and economic mechanism rational use and protection of land forestry should be based on realization national land relations policy, which envisages comprehensive state support for efficient use of nature through financing of appropriate organizational measures and introduction of economic instruments, incentives for rational use of forest resources. The main levers of such a mechanism are fiscal, monetary, budgetary and other elements of influence on economic entities. \u0000Aims and tasks. To realization the delivered goal it is necessary to solve a number of tasks, namely: to determine the actual area of forest land within the respective united territorial communities in Ukraine, to determine the possible economic income from the use of these forested areas, to calculate the volumes of fiscal receipts to the budgets of united territorial communities from forestry enterprises. \u0000Results. With the help of geoinformation approach was installed, it was established that the forest area in the united territorial communities were concentrated in Zhytomyrskа (788.5 thousand ha), Chernihivska (583.6 thousand ha), Volynska (432.9 ha), Rivnenska (282, 8 thousand hectares), Sumska (216,0 thousand hectares) regions. Whereas the smallest forest area within the boundaries of the united territorial communities is concentrated in Kirovohradska, Zakarpatska, Mykolaivska, Zaporizka, Vinnytska, Donetska, Luhanska, Odeska, Khersonska regions. \u0000Conclusions. Besides, in the case of use of forest areas within united territorial communities utility companies, they pay 18% income tax, which comes fully to the budget of the united territorial communities. We have made calculation of such fiscal receipts by areas where forestry production it is profitable. Therefore, our proposed scientific approach to the development of a financial and economic mechanism for regulating the rational use of forest land use should be based on the totality of fiscal budgetary relationships between forest resources and subjects entrepreneurial activity, which are based on the application of the geospatial approach of accounting of forest areas as an integral part of information support for the effective functioning of the economic system as a whole. On the whole, due to the proposed financial and economic mechanism, the total amount of tax revenues to united territorial communities in Ukraine can be increased by 10.2% of the actual receipts from their own resources of the united territorial communities in Ukraine for 2015 – 2016, or 6.01% of total volume taxes on individuals' income the united territorial communities in 2018. At the same time, the forest area within the united territorial communities at the national level is only 18.95% as of 2019.","PeriodicalId":29705,"journal":{"name":"Economics Ecology Socium","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80402154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.31520/2616-7107/2019.3.3-3
M. Tepavicharova, Lyudmila V. Dikova
Introduction. Social media steadily and constantly envelops all aspects of peoples' lives. Thus it is of crucial importance to investigate and measure social media activities' impact on their inclusion in the formation of today’s and future societies as more and more online activities have been incorporated in real life personal and professional activities. Aim and tasks. This article explores the new trends in people’s activities at the workplace and outlines the main concerns regarding keeping the line between personal and professional online activities. Results. Social media are now an integral part of the everyday life of modern man. Since a person spends most of their day at work or in pursuit of their profession, they also seek to engage in personal activities within the working day (talking on the phone with family or friends, shopping online, reading news etc.). A user is created with features specific to the internet generation. This new type of user has specific features that allow researchers to talk about the emergence of a next-generation user. The Next Generation User is a person who has access to the Internet from multiple locations and devices.The rapid penetration of social media in people's everyday life implies a greater impact on all users' real-life and online activities. Evidence of the latter can be found in very common situations when users upload photos or videos from parties or events in real time not always tacking into consideration the possible outcomes for their personal and professional lives. Conclusions. Managers consider that workers should focus more not only on the technical limitation of the exchange in of information on social media but also on a better personal judgment about the nature and volume of the shared information. The intensity of social media activities of the workers is monitored actively by employers and coworkers alike and can be seen as an indicator of low efficiency or irresponsible personality. With the fast development of wireless mobile telecommunications technology and the growing multitude of mobile apps online activities become a real threat for workers’ productivity and the development of workplace culture.
{"title":"Social media – on the edge between personal and professional development","authors":"M. Tepavicharova, Lyudmila V. Dikova","doi":"10.31520/2616-7107/2019.3.3-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31520/2616-7107/2019.3.3-3","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Social media steadily and constantly envelops all aspects of peoples' lives. Thus it is of crucial importance to investigate and measure social media activities' impact on their inclusion in the formation of today’s and future societies as more and more online activities have been incorporated in real life personal and professional activities. \u0000Aim and tasks. This article explores the new trends in people’s activities at the workplace and outlines the main concerns regarding keeping the line between personal and professional online activities. \u0000Results. Social media are now an integral part of the everyday life of modern man. Since a person spends most of their day at work or in pursuit of their profession, they also seek to engage in personal activities within the working day (talking on the phone with family or friends, shopping online, reading news etc.). \u0000A user is created with features specific to the internet generation. This new type of user has specific features that allow researchers to talk about the emergence of a next-generation user. The Next Generation User is a person who has access to the Internet from multiple locations and devices.The rapid penetration of social media in people's everyday life implies a greater impact on all users' real-life and online activities. Evidence of the latter can be found in very common situations when users upload photos or videos from parties or events in real time not always tacking into consideration the possible outcomes for their personal and professional lives. \u0000Conclusions. Managers consider that workers should focus more not only on the technical limitation of the exchange in of information on social media but also on a better personal judgment about the nature and volume of the shared information. The intensity of social media activities of the workers is monitored actively by employers and coworkers alike and can be seen as an indicator of low efficiency or irresponsible personality. With the fast development of wireless mobile telecommunications technology and the growing multitude of mobile apps online activities become a real threat for workers’ productivity and the development of workplace culture.","PeriodicalId":29705,"journal":{"name":"Economics Ecology Socium","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77417686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.31520/2616-7107/2019.3.3-4
V. Martynenko
Introduction. State revenue management stands first in the areas of government regulation, which is provided by the regulation of fiscal policy. It is achieved by optimizing the amount of nationwide taxes and their tax rates, with the least amount of tax evasion. It is also important to ensure the implementation of the budget process, which is based on budget planning and forecasting, the effectiveness criterion of which is the reliability of the forecast. The compulsory component of extrapolation of time series – the most used forecasting method – is the scenario approach, so the research of possibilities of its implementation is relevant. Aim and tasks. The aim of the article is to introduce a scenario approach in forecasting tax revenues of the state budget of Ukraine. The main tasks set to achieve this aim are: modeling the dependence of tax revenues on macroeconomic indicators; trend analysis and extrapolation of time series of macroeconomic indicators; development of forecast scenarios of state budget revenues from state taxes. Results. It is proved that comprehensive stimulation of the production of gross value added, especially in the sphere of material production, as a basis for economic growth, will have a positive impact on the growth of output of goods and services, as well as will provide an increase in the revenues from value added tax (VAT) and excise tax to the state budget. Provision at the state level of further growth of the minimum wage and the deployment of social programs, as well as stimulating the legalization of shadow incomes of individuals in order to stimulate incomes of the population will lead to revenue increase from the personal income tax to the state budget. Creating favorable conditions for doing business by creating a business environment free from corruption, legalizing the shadow income of legal entities in order to maximize the profit of gross profit, mixed income will lead to an increase in corporate income tax revenues and subsoil use fee to the state budget of Ukraine. Conclusions. Over the next 5 years, aggregate tax revenues to the state budget will increase, regardless of the forecast scenario. The largest contribution to tax revenue growth can be provided by excise tax. The dynamics of the remaining taxes will also be increasing. Because the extrapolation of time series and scenario analysis are applied and universal methods of forecasting, they can be used in forecasting tax revenues of both consolidated and local budgets of Ukraine. Prospects for further research of the author will be relevant to these areas.
{"title":"Scenario approach in forecasting tax revenues of the state budget of Ukraine","authors":"V. Martynenko","doi":"10.31520/2616-7107/2019.3.3-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31520/2616-7107/2019.3.3-4","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. State revenue management stands first in the areas of government regulation, which is provided by the regulation of fiscal policy. It is achieved by optimizing the amount of nationwide taxes and their tax rates, with the least amount of tax evasion. It is also important to ensure the implementation of the budget process, which is based on budget planning and forecasting, the effectiveness criterion of which is the reliability of the forecast. The compulsory component of extrapolation of time series – the most used forecasting method – is the scenario approach, so the research of possibilities of its implementation is relevant. \u0000Aim and tasks. The aim of the article is to introduce a scenario approach in forecasting tax revenues of the state budget of Ukraine. The main tasks set to achieve this aim are: modeling the dependence of tax revenues on macroeconomic indicators; trend analysis and extrapolation of time series of macroeconomic indicators; development of forecast scenarios of state budget revenues from state taxes. \u0000Results. It is proved that comprehensive stimulation of the production of gross value added, especially in the sphere of material production, as a basis for economic growth, will have a positive impact on the growth of output of goods and services, as well as will provide an increase in the revenues from value added tax (VAT) and excise tax to the state budget. Provision at the state level of further growth of the minimum wage and the deployment of social programs, as well as stimulating the legalization of shadow incomes of individuals in order to stimulate incomes of the population will lead to revenue increase from the personal income tax to the state budget. Creating favorable conditions for doing business by creating a business environment free from corruption, legalizing the shadow income of legal entities in order to maximize the profit of gross profit, mixed income will lead to an increase in corporate income tax revenues and subsoil use fee to the state budget of Ukraine. \u0000Conclusions. Over the next 5 years, aggregate tax revenues to the state budget will increase, regardless of the forecast scenario. The largest contribution to tax revenue growth can be provided by excise tax. The dynamics of the remaining taxes will also be increasing. Because the extrapolation of time series and scenario analysis are applied and universal methods of forecasting, they can be used in forecasting tax revenues of both consolidated and local budgets of Ukraine. Prospects for further research of the author will be relevant to these areas.","PeriodicalId":29705,"journal":{"name":"Economics Ecology Socium","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81182016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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