Pub Date : 2011-07-01DOI: 10.2979/RACETHMULGLOCON.4.3.351
Linda Sarsour
Until 2000, Linda Sarsour, a Palestinian Muslim American and at that point a college student, had never worn a hijab. As she explains, she had also never felt the sting of discrimination directed at her Arab or Muslim identity. In fact, when Sarsour began to wear her religious headscarf, she was showered with both adoration and sincere interest. After September 11, however, her embrace of her cultural identity was no longer simply interesting to her American colleagues; it was now heavily identified with that of September 11 terrorists. In the face of discrimination that she now faced, Sarsour did not back down. This article traces her journey as an activist and a leader within the Arab American Association of New York. As she analyzes the repercussions of September 11, Sarsour suggests that the event made clear to her and other Arab Americans that they were not seen as a coordinated and politically organized community. Consequently, their new focus became one of civic engagement, allowing them to emerge at the forefront of discussions and debates in the wider community.
直到2000年，巴勒斯坦穆斯林美国人琳达·萨尔苏尔(Linda Sarsour)从未戴过头巾，当时她还是一名大学生。正如她所解释的那样，她也从未感受到针对她的阿拉伯或穆斯林身份的歧视。事实上，当Sarsour开始戴上她的宗教头巾时，她受到了崇拜和真诚的关注。然而，在9·11事件之后，她对自己文化身份的拥抱不再仅仅是对她的美国同事感兴趣;它现在被认为是911恐怖分子所为。面对现在面临的歧视，萨尔苏尔没有退缩。本文追溯了她作为纽约阿拉伯裔美国人协会(Arab American Association of New York)的活动家和领导者的历程。萨尔苏尔在分析9·11事件的影响时表示，这件事让她和其他阿拉伯裔美国人清楚地认识到，他们没有被视为一个协调一致、有政治组织的社区。因此，他们的新焦点变成了公民参与，使他们能够在更广泛的社区中出现在讨论和辩论的最前沿。
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Pub Date : 2011-07-01DOI: 10.2979/RACETHMULGLOCON.4.3.405
Sue Veres Royal
The events of September 11, 2001 struck an unexpecting, yet already weary American public whose view of the rest of the world was that of a world filled with problems, disorder, and dangerous people. The reality that those dangerous people had crossed vast ocean borders and struck at the heart of a superpower allowed a distorted narrative to be constructed that fell directly in line with precarious stereotypes—dehumanizing entire populations—as well as drastically narrowing policy decision making and public debate about if and how to respond to these attacks. The lens through which the American public was encouraged to view the world sharpened the focus on an already present “us-vs.-them” mentality. This post–September 11 narrative of a “war on terrorism” has now become firmly grounded in the American lexicon, the mainstream American public’s understanding of the world, and their interpretation of what it means for America’s role in the world. This essay explores how the narrative of the “war on terrorism” and the view of the world that it encourages have relied on long-standing stereotypes, activated primitive portions of our brains, played on our inability to think rationally under great stress, and divided us as a country. The essay will also point to some preliminary research—almost ten years later—that suggest the American public is open to an alternative narrative about safety and security that will help all of us better understand the world in which we live.
{"title":"Fear, Rhetoric, and the “Other”","authors":"Sue Veres Royal","doi":"10.2979/RACETHMULGLOCON.4.3.405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/RACETHMULGLOCON.4.3.405","url":null,"abstract":"The events of September 11, 2001 struck an unexpecting, yet already weary American public whose view of the rest of the world was that of a world filled with problems, disorder, and dangerous people. The reality that those dangerous people had crossed vast ocean borders and struck at the heart of a superpower allowed a distorted narrative to be constructed that fell directly in line with precarious stereotypes—dehumanizing entire populations—as well as drastically narrowing policy decision making and public debate about if and how to respond to these attacks. The lens through which the American public was encouraged to view the world sharpened the focus on an already present “us-vs.-them” mentality. This post–September 11 narrative of a “war on terrorism” has now become firmly grounded in the American lexicon, the mainstream American public’s understanding of the world, and their interpretation of what it means for America’s role in the world. This essay explores how the narrative of the “war on terrorism” and the view of the world that it encourages have relied on long-standing stereotypes, activated primitive portions of our brains, played on our inability to think rationally under great stress, and divided us as a country. The essay will also point to some preliminary research—almost ten years later—that suggest the American public is open to an alternative narrative about safety and security that will help all of us better understand the world in which we live.","PeriodicalId":297214,"journal":{"name":"Race/Ethnicity: Multidisciplinary Global Contexts","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115478636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-07-01DOI: 10.2979/racethmulglocon.4.3.399
Annetta Seecharran
Within a few days of beginning her work as the executive director at South Asian Youth Action (SAYA!), Annetta Seecharran was forced to revise her agenda to provide crisis management. This shift was the result of the post–September 11 victimization faced by innumerable members of the South Asian community in New York City. In this paper, Seecharran documents the ways that SAYA!, which had initially functioned as a youth center, quickly expanded its agenda and programs to serve as a clearinghouse. Other changes included the addition of mental health counseling, legal services, and community education programs. SAYA!’s ability, even with its limited resources, to adapt to post–September 11 social landscape shows that the 2001 terrorist attacks, while tragic, also gave birth to new leadership and creativity in the South Asian community.
{"title":"“Just Don’t Act Muslim:” Reflections from a Queens-based Community Organizer","authors":"Annetta Seecharran","doi":"10.2979/racethmulglocon.4.3.399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/racethmulglocon.4.3.399","url":null,"abstract":"Within a few days of beginning her work as the executive director at South Asian Youth Action (SAYA!), Annetta Seecharran was forced to revise her agenda to provide crisis management. This shift was the result of the post–September 11 victimization faced by innumerable members of the South Asian community in New York City. In this paper, Seecharran documents the ways that SAYA!, which had initially functioned as a youth center, quickly expanded its agenda and programs to serve as a clearinghouse. Other changes included the addition of mental health counseling, legal services, and community education programs. SAYA!’s ability, even with its limited resources, to adapt to post–September 11 social landscape shows that the 2001 terrorist attacks, while tragic, also gave birth to new leadership and creativity in the South Asian community.","PeriodicalId":297214,"journal":{"name":"Race/Ethnicity: Multidisciplinary Global Contexts","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115701107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-07-01DOI: 10.2979/RACETHMULGLOCON.4.3.361
V. Prashad
In this article the author takes a dual approach of describing his own experiences and reactions to the post–September 11 environment and that of the broader South Asian community in the United States. He argues that while most South Asian activists and organizations have worked to combat post–September 11 racism, they must see it not in and of itself, but as a symptom of a more vexing problem: imperialism.
{"title":"The Day Our Probation Ended","authors":"V. Prashad","doi":"10.2979/RACETHMULGLOCON.4.3.361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/RACETHMULGLOCON.4.3.361","url":null,"abstract":"In this article the author takes a dual approach of describing his own experiences and reactions to the post–September 11 environment and that of the broader South Asian community in the United States. He argues that while most South Asian activists and organizations have worked to combat post–September 11 racism, they must see it not in and of itself, but as a symptom of a more vexing problem: imperialism.","PeriodicalId":297214,"journal":{"name":"Race/Ethnicity: Multidisciplinary Global Contexts","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115754385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-10-01DOI: 10.2979/RACETHMULGLOCON.2010.4.1.123
A. M. Ocholla
This article gives perspectives on the challenges of LGBTI advocacy in a Kenyan context. The paper starts by giving a summary of the work done by Minority Women in Action (MWA), a local LBTI organization. It then goes into the various concerns being addressed by MWA and other Kenyan LGBTI organizations. These concerns are described as twofold. On the one hand, there is ignorance of sexuality and sexual orientation, compounded by inherited colonial criminal law, dogmatic religious belief, and the rigidity of social and sexual hierarchies. On the other hand, there are poverty levels among LGBTI and wider communities alike. Thereafter, the paper discusses the challenges and impacts of race, culture, and gender on LGBTI activism. The fourth section outlines various policy changes that are needed if there is to be more successful advocacy of LGBTI rights. Finally, the essay concludes with some factors that have thus far contributed to MWA success.
{"title":"Thoughts on LGBTI Activism, Race, and Gender in a Kenyan Context","authors":"A. M. Ocholla","doi":"10.2979/RACETHMULGLOCON.2010.4.1.123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/RACETHMULGLOCON.2010.4.1.123","url":null,"abstract":"This article gives perspectives on the challenges of LGBTI advocacy in a Kenyan context. The paper starts by giving a summary of the work done by Minority Women in Action (MWA), a local LBTI organization. It then goes into the various concerns being addressed by MWA and other Kenyan LGBTI organizations. These concerns are described as twofold. On the one hand, there is ignorance of sexuality and sexual orientation, compounded by inherited colonial criminal law, dogmatic religious belief, and the rigidity of social and sexual hierarchies. On the other hand, there are poverty levels among LGBTI and wider communities alike. Thereafter, the paper discusses the challenges and impacts of race, culture, and gender on LGBTI activism. The fourth section outlines various policy changes that are needed if there is to be more successful advocacy of LGBTI rights. Finally, the essay concludes with some factors that have thus far contributed to MWA success.","PeriodicalId":297214,"journal":{"name":"Race/Ethnicity: Multidisciplinary Global Contexts","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122908674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-10-01DOI: 10.2979/RACETHMULGLOCON.2010.4.1.65
J. Thukral
Immigrant women working in the informal economy in the United States (as housecleaners, childcare, and sex workers) play a significant role but are often unrecognized and exploited, and lack access to the most basic benefits offered to most American workers. This situation is duplicated in other countries. Both men and women suffer abuse, but women are also burdened by traditional gender roles that reinforce biases and result in negative outcomes.
{"title":"Race, Gender, and Immigration in the Informal Economy","authors":"J. Thukral","doi":"10.2979/RACETHMULGLOCON.2010.4.1.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/RACETHMULGLOCON.2010.4.1.65","url":null,"abstract":"Immigrant women working in the informal economy in the United States (as housecleaners, childcare, and sex workers) play a significant role but are often unrecognized and exploited, and lack access to the most basic benefits offered to most American workers. This situation is duplicated in other countries. Both men and women suffer abuse, but women are also burdened by traditional gender roles that reinforce biases and result in negative outcomes.","PeriodicalId":297214,"journal":{"name":"Race/Ethnicity: Multidisciplinary Global Contexts","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129638982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-10-01DOI: 10.2979/RACETHMULGLOCON.2010.4.1.9
Aino Rinhaug
The present article seeks to explore how aesthetic discourses by adoptee artists from South Korea can be said to place the adoptee figure at the intersection between race and gender. By looking at how the adopted self uses art as a site in which to negotiate the question of identity formation, I hope to make apparent the constructive relation between adoptee aesthetic discourse, gender, and race. The analysis thus intends to challenge our notions of identity, gender, and self, precisely by looking at how discourse is performed in order to transform and, eventually, engender our selves.
{"title":"Adoptee Aesthetics: A Gendered Discourse","authors":"Aino Rinhaug","doi":"10.2979/RACETHMULGLOCON.2010.4.1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/RACETHMULGLOCON.2010.4.1.9","url":null,"abstract":"The present article seeks to explore how aesthetic discourses by adoptee artists from South Korea can be said to place the adoptee figure at the intersection between race and gender. By looking at how the adopted self uses art as a site in which to negotiate the question of identity formation, I hope to make apparent the constructive relation between adoptee aesthetic discourse, gender, and race. The analysis thus intends to challenge our notions of identity, gender, and self, precisely by looking at how discourse is performed in order to transform and, eventually, engender our selves.","PeriodicalId":297214,"journal":{"name":"Race/Ethnicity: Multidisciplinary Global Contexts","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123858666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-10-01DOI: 10.2979/RACETHMULGLOCON.2010.4.1.41
A. Harris
Despite the worldwide attention received by the so-called Lost Boys of Sudan, Sudanese young women remain relatively invisible. From their refugee experiences in Egypt or Kakuma, where many arrived alone but were placed with foster families, to their long and arduous process of resettlement in new cultures, Sudanese young women seem to still be “lost”—predominantly in the eyes of the media. This article troubles notions of belonging and resettlement for those who—like Sudanese diasporic young women—remain invisible and (underrepresented) in resettlement figures and programs, but whose tasks in resettlement highlight the gendered differences this process demands. Despite lower levels of schooling and increasing research that suggests they are at higher risk of disengagement than their male peers, young women from refugee pasts are finding alternative and increasingly creative ways of making their voices heard. This paper draws on the work of James Clifford and Peter McLaren and on my doctoral research project, Cross-Marked: Sudanese Australian Young Women Talk Education to provide an alternative space where these young women’s voices can be heard, their stories told. Media and educational spaces can begin to offer them opportunities that for too long have been “lost.” The reader might also wish to view the films under discussion at http://web.mac.com/amharris.
{"title":"I Ain’t No Girl: Representation and Reconstruction of the “Found Girls” of Sudan","authors":"A. Harris","doi":"10.2979/RACETHMULGLOCON.2010.4.1.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/RACETHMULGLOCON.2010.4.1.41","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the worldwide attention received by the so-called Lost Boys of Sudan, Sudanese young women remain relatively invisible. From their refugee experiences in Egypt or Kakuma, where many arrived alone but were placed with foster families, to their long and arduous process of resettlement in new cultures, Sudanese young women seem to still be “lost”—predominantly in the eyes of the media. This article troubles notions of belonging and resettlement for those who—like Sudanese diasporic young women—remain invisible and (underrepresented) in resettlement figures and programs, but whose tasks in resettlement highlight the gendered differences this process demands. Despite lower levels of schooling and increasing research that suggests they are at higher risk of disengagement than their male peers, young women from refugee pasts are finding alternative and increasingly creative ways of making their voices heard. This paper draws on the work of James Clifford and Peter McLaren and on my doctoral research project, Cross-Marked: Sudanese Australian Young Women Talk Education to provide an alternative space where these young women’s voices can be heard, their stories told. Media and educational spaces can begin to offer them opportunities that for too long have been “lost.” The reader might also wish to view the films under discussion at http://web.mac.com/amharris.","PeriodicalId":297214,"journal":{"name":"Race/Ethnicity: Multidisciplinary Global Contexts","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127892777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-10-01DOI: 10.2979/RACETHMULGLOCON.2010.4.1.29
R. Berardo, Fetteh Demmelash, Qimmah Najeeullah, Senthorun Raj
Four individuals who work in the social justice arena, and one organization, answered questions posed by the Race/Ethnicity editorial staff about the intersection of race, ethnicity, and gender. The respondents are based in Brazil, the UK, Ethiopia, the United States, and New Zealand.
{"title":"The Impact of Race and Gender","authors":"R. Berardo, Fetteh Demmelash, Qimmah Najeeullah, Senthorun Raj","doi":"10.2979/RACETHMULGLOCON.2010.4.1.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/RACETHMULGLOCON.2010.4.1.29","url":null,"abstract":"Four individuals who work in the social justice arena, and one organization, answered questions posed by the Race/Ethnicity editorial staff about the intersection of race, ethnicity, and gender. The respondents are based in Brazil, the UK, Ethiopia, the United States, and New Zealand.","PeriodicalId":297214,"journal":{"name":"Race/Ethnicity: Multidisciplinary Global Contexts","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127955822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-10-01DOI: 10.2979/RACETHMULGLOCON.2010.4.1.97
Andra M. Basu
The goal of the present study was to examine gender differences and similarities in the experiences of biracial college students. A qualitative study was conducted with a group of biracial students, focusing on their identification choices, social group participation, and experiences with discrimination. Results revealed no gender differences in their identification choices or experiences with general discrimination. However, there were differences in their social group participation and experiences with gender-related discrimination. Implications for future research are discussed.
{"title":"The Role of Gender in the Experiences of Biracial College Students","authors":"Andra M. Basu","doi":"10.2979/RACETHMULGLOCON.2010.4.1.97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2979/RACETHMULGLOCON.2010.4.1.97","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of the present study was to examine gender differences and similarities in the experiences of biracial college students. A qualitative study was conducted with a group of biracial students, focusing on their identification choices, social group participation, and experiences with discrimination. Results revealed no gender differences in their identification choices or experiences with general discrimination. However, there were differences in their social group participation and experiences with gender-related discrimination. Implications for future research are discussed.","PeriodicalId":297214,"journal":{"name":"Race/Ethnicity: Multidisciplinary Global Contexts","volume":"2016 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130043324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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