Pub Date : 2019-07-05DOI: 10.33158/ASB.2019V5I1P40
P. Leão, L. C. Neves, R. Colombo, M. Shahab, Jane Maria Franco de Oliveira, F. Luz, S. Roberto
Determining the chemical composition of medicinal plants used for therapeutic purposes is of fundamental importance. These plants must meet quality standards for commercialization by ensuring pharmacological properties and efficacy. However, for the maintenance of their active compounds, it is very important to store them at a suitable temperature and ensure the safety of these compounds. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different temperatures and storage periods in the maintenance of chemical composition of bushy lippia (Lippia alba), crajiru (Arrabidaea chica), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus grandis), lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus), citronella (Cymbopogon nardus) and sage (Lippia microphylla) leaves. Leaves of these medicinal plants were stored for different periods (30, 60 and 90 days) at different temperatures (0, 17 and 24 °C). A complete randomized design was used with five replications, each one with 150g of leaves. For each combination of temperature and storage period, different variables were evaluated such as phenolic compounds, total anthocyanins, antioxidant activity (ORAC and DPPH), carotenoids and chlorophyll contents. Leaves stored at 0°C resulted in the most efficient preservation of chemical compounds at 30, 60 and 90 days. However, this temperature causes physiological damage to the leaves. Therefore, for commercial use, dried or crushed leaves in the form of powder is recommended. Storage at 17 °C keeps the chemical composition of the leaves at satisfactory levels, while at 24 °C there is a significant decrease over the periods of cold storage.
{"title":"Temperature and storage periods on the maintenance of chemical composition of medicinal plants","authors":"P. Leão, L. C. Neves, R. Colombo, M. Shahab, Jane Maria Franco de Oliveira, F. Luz, S. Roberto","doi":"10.33158/ASB.2019V5I1P40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33158/ASB.2019V5I1P40","url":null,"abstract":"Determining the chemical composition of medicinal plants used for therapeutic purposes is of fundamental importance. These plants must meet quality standards for commercialization by ensuring pharmacological properties and efficacy. However, for the maintenance of their active compounds, it is very important to store them at a suitable temperature and ensure the safety of these compounds. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different temperatures and storage periods in the maintenance of chemical composition of bushy lippia (Lippia alba), crajiru (Arrabidaea chica), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus grandis), lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus), citronella (Cymbopogon nardus) and sage (Lippia microphylla) leaves. Leaves of these medicinal plants were stored for different periods (30, 60 and 90 days) at different temperatures (0, 17 and 24 °C). A complete randomized design was used with five replications, each one with 150g of leaves. For each combination of temperature and storage period, different variables were evaluated such as phenolic compounds, total anthocyanins, antioxidant activity (ORAC and DPPH), carotenoids and chlorophyll contents. Leaves stored at 0°C resulted in the most efficient preservation of chemical compounds at 30, 60 and 90 days. However, this temperature causes physiological damage to the leaves. Therefore, for commercial use, dried or crushed leaves in the form of powder is recommended. Storage at 17 °C keeps the chemical composition of the leaves at satisfactory levels, while at 24 °C there is a significant decrease over the periods of cold storage.","PeriodicalId":297313,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Science and Biotechnology","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133665513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-05DOI: 10.33158/ASB.2019V5I1P52
K. Youssef, S. Roberto, R. Colombo, M. G. Canteri, K. Elsalam
The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of the resistance inducer Acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM), against Botrytis mold on table grapes in vitro and in vivo. To assess the effect of ASM on mycelial growth Botrytis cinerea, different concentrations (0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 3% w:v) were tested. Treatments were set up in triplicate, in a completely randomized experimental design, and replicated twice. Results were expressed in minimum inhibitory concentrations and effective dose per 50% response of mycelial growth. Healthy table grapes (cvs. Italia and Benitaka) were harvested at full ripe to evaluate the ASM 1% effect against gray mold under artificial conditions. Bunches were split into two groups in order to perform two types of experiments (spray or immersion). For both trials, treated bunches were arranged in carton boxes and stored at 2±1 °C, for one month, followed by one week of shelf-life at 22±2 °C. In order to evaluate the ASM effect against gray mold under field conditions, ASM 1% was sprayed on both cultivars one week before harvest. Grapes treated with iprodione 0.2% with three applications during the season were included as a standard chemical control. Bunches were harvested at full ripe, arranged in carton boxes and submitted to a cold storage process as described previously. Results for the in vitro experiments showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration of ASM was achieved by 3% and the ED50 was 0.04%. Under artificial conditions, for both cultivars, the efficacy of ASM was higher when the grapes were immersed than sprayed. A significant difference was observed for ASM as compared with control. Regarding the effect of ASM against gray mold in the field, the incidence of gray mold was recorded for both cultivars. For ‘Italia’ and ‘Benitaka’ grapes, ASM, iprodione and sulfur dioxide pad reduced the incidence of gray mold by 85, 79 and 77%, and by 80.5, 73 and 82%, respectively. As for the physico-chemical berry properties, none of the treatments were significantly different from the control for total soluble solids, titratable acidity and color index. A single ASM treatment applied one week before harvest is effective for controlling gray mold in ‘Italia’ and ‘Benitaka’ table grapes.
研究了酸性苯并唑- s -甲基(acid benzolar- s -methyl, ASM)对鲜食葡萄葡萄霉病的体内和体外抗性诱导效果。为评价ASM对灰葡萄孢菌丝生长的影响，采用不同浓度(0.125、0.25、0.5、1.0、2.0和3% w:v)进行试验。处理设置为三份，完全随机实验设计，并重复两次。结果表示为最低抑制浓度和有效剂量每50%的菌丝生长反应。健康的鲜食葡萄(cvs。意大利和贝尼塔卡(Benitaka)在完全成熟时收获，在人工条件下评价ASM 1%对灰霉病的防治效果。为了进行两种类型的实验(喷雾或浸泡)，将束分成两组。在这两项试验中，处理过的花束都被放置在纸箱中，在2±1°C下保存一个月，然后在22±2°C下保存一周。在收获前一周，在田间条件下对两个品种喷施1%的抗菌素，以评价抗菌素对灰霉病的防治效果。用0.2%异丙地酮处理的葡萄，在季节内施用三次，作为标准化学对照。束收获在完全成熟，安排在纸箱和提交到一个冷库过程如前所述。体外实验结果表明，ASM的最低抑制浓度为3%，ED50为0.04%。在人工条件下，两个品种浸水处理的效果均高于喷淋处理。与对照组相比，ASM有显著差异。关于ASM田间防治灰霉病的效果，记录了两个品种的灰霉病发病率。对于“Italia”和“Benitaka”葡萄，ASM、异丙二酮和二氧化硫分别降低了85%、79%和77%的灰霉病发病率，80.5%、73%和82%。在果实理化性状方面，各处理在可溶性固形物总量、可滴定酸度和显色指数方面均与对照无显著差异。收获前一周单次ASM处理对“Italia”和“Benitaka”鲜食葡萄的灰霉病防治有效。
{"title":"Acibenzolar-S-methyl against Botrytis mold on table grapes in vitro and in vivo","authors":"K. Youssef, S. Roberto, R. Colombo, M. G. Canteri, K. Elsalam","doi":"10.33158/ASB.2019V5I1P52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33158/ASB.2019V5I1P52","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of the resistance inducer Acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM), against Botrytis mold on table grapes in vitro and in vivo. To assess the effect of ASM on mycelial growth Botrytis cinerea, different concentrations (0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 3% w:v) were tested. Treatments were set up in triplicate, in a completely randomized experimental design, and replicated twice. Results were expressed in minimum inhibitory concentrations and effective dose per 50% response of mycelial growth. Healthy table grapes (cvs. Italia and Benitaka) were harvested at full ripe to evaluate the ASM 1% effect against gray mold under artificial conditions. Bunches were split into two groups in order to perform two types of experiments (spray or immersion). For both trials, treated bunches were arranged in carton boxes and stored at 2±1 °C, for one month, followed by one week of shelf-life at 22±2 °C. In order to evaluate the ASM effect against gray mold under field conditions, ASM 1% was sprayed on both cultivars one week before harvest. Grapes treated with iprodione 0.2% with three applications during the season were included as a standard chemical control. Bunches were harvested at full ripe, arranged in carton boxes and submitted to a cold storage process as described previously. Results for the in vitro experiments showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration of ASM was achieved by 3% and the ED50 was 0.04%. Under artificial conditions, for both cultivars, the efficacy of ASM was higher when the grapes were immersed than sprayed. A significant difference was observed for ASM as compared with control. Regarding the effect of ASM against gray mold in the field, the incidence of gray mold was recorded for both cultivars. For ‘Italia’ and ‘Benitaka’ grapes, ASM, iprodione and sulfur dioxide pad reduced the incidence of gray mold by 85, 79 and 77%, and by 80.5, 73 and 82%, respectively. As for the physico-chemical berry properties, none of the treatments were significantly different from the control for total soluble solids, titratable acidity and color index. A single ASM treatment applied one week before harvest is effective for controlling gray mold in ‘Italia’ and ‘Benitaka’ table grapes.","PeriodicalId":297313,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Science and Biotechnology","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125067040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-05DOI: 10.33158/ASB.2019V5I1P62
F. D. Hansel, D. R. Diaz, A. Rosa, C. Moorberg
O manejo do fertilizante fósforo (P) pode alterar o crescimento da raiz e da parte aérea da soja, promovendo desequilíbrios morfológicos na planta. Com o objetivo de avaliar os ajustes morfológicos da soja (Glycine max (L.)) em diferentes colocações e taxas de adubação fosfatada em solo P, foi realizado um estudo em casa de vegetação com dois objetivos principais: 1) avaliar o efeito da adubação fosfatada sobre a raiz e acúmulo de biomassa na parte aérea e as alterações associadas no comprimento das raízes; e, 2) estimar o efeito das alterações do crescimento radicular na absorção de macro e micronutrientes na planta. Os tratamentos com fertilizantes foram: (1) transmissão P na superfície do solo (BR), (2) P5x5 cm (B) aplicada na faixa (B) e (3) banda profunda P a 20 cm de profundidade (DB); usando duas taxas: (1) 60 e (2) 120 kg P2O5 ha-1 em solo com alta fertilidade. Imagens de minirhizotron e medidas de SPAD foram realizadas uma vez por semana até o florescimento. O peso seco da raiz e da parte aérea, bem como a absorção total de macro e micronutrientes foram avaliados no mesmo estágio. O aumento dos níveis de P no solo promovidos pela adubação mostra um efeito negativo no peso seco da raiz na taxa de 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 e muito pouco estímulo à alocação de biomassa nas raízes quando a taxa de P foi aumentada para 120 kg P2O5 ha -1 em tratamentos B e DB. O tratamento de controlo (sem fertilizante) mostrou um comprimento de raiz 108% maior do que o tratamento com B-60. Essas alterações também alteraram a absorção de macro e micronutrientes e afetaram o teor de clorofila nas plantas de soja. O aumento dos níveis de P no solo promovidos pela adubação mostra um efeito negativo no peso seco da raiz na taxa de 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 e muito pouco estímulo à alocação de biomassa nas raízes quando a taxa de P foi aumentada para 120 kg P2O5 ha -1 em tratamentos B e DB. O tratamento de controlo (sem fertilizante) mostrou um comprimento de raiz 108% maior do que o tratamento com B-60. Essas alterações também alteraram a absorção de macro e micronutrientes e afetaram o teor de clorofila nas plantas de soja. O aumento dos níveis de P no solo promovidos pela adubação mostra um efeito negativo no peso seco da raiz na taxa de 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 e muito pouco estímulo à alocação de biomassa nas raízes quando a taxa de P foi aumentada para 120 kg P2O5 ha -1 em tratamentos B e DB. O tratamento de controlo (sem fertilizante) mostrou um comprimento de raiz 108% maior do que o tratamento com B-60. Essas alterações também alteraram a absorção de macro e micronutrientes e afetaram o teor de clorofila nas plantas de soja.
磷(P)肥料的管理可以改变大豆根茎的生长，促进植株形态的不平衡。为了评估调整大豆(大豆的形态(l))在不同的位置和较高的含磷化肥在土壤P植被,实现了国内的研究目标主要有两个:1)评估的影响受精磷酸根和地上部分的生物量积累和变化与长度的根;2)估计根系生长变化对植物宏、微量元素吸收的影响。施肥处理为:(1)土壤表面P传递(BR)， (2) P5x5 cm (B)在(B)和(3)深P 20 cm (DB);在高肥力土壤中采用两种速率:(1)60和(2)120 kg P2O5 ha-1。微根瘤菌图像和SPAD测量每周进行一次，直到开花。在同一阶段测定了根和茎的干重以及宏、微量元素的总吸收。水平的提高获得土壤磷肥料表现负面影响根干重60公斤P2O5的哈1和一点点刺激时在根生物量分配率P 120公斤P2O5哈1治疗后B和DB。对照处理(不施肥料)的根长比B-60处理长108%。这些变化还改变了大豆对宏、微量元素的吸收，影响了大豆的叶绿素含量。水平的提高获得土壤磷肥料表现负面影响根干重60公斤P2O5的哈1和一点点刺激时在根生物量分配率P 120公斤P2O5哈1治疗后B和DB。对照处理(不施肥料)的根长比B-60处理长108%。这些变化还改变了大豆对宏、微量元素的吸收，影响了大豆的叶绿素含量。水平的提高获得土壤磷肥料表现负面影响根干重60公斤P2O5的哈1和一点点刺激时在根生物量分配率P 120公斤P2O5哈1治疗后B和DB。对照处理(不施肥料)的根长比B-60处理长108%。这些变化还改变了大豆对宏、微量元素的吸收，影响了大豆的叶绿素含量。
{"title":"Phosphorus fertilizer placement and rate affect soybean root growth and nutrient uptake in soil with high fertility","authors":"F. D. Hansel, D. R. Diaz, A. Rosa, C. Moorberg","doi":"10.33158/ASB.2019V5I1P62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33158/ASB.2019V5I1P62","url":null,"abstract":"O manejo do fertilizante fósforo (P) pode alterar o crescimento da raiz e da parte aérea da soja, promovendo desequilíbrios morfológicos na planta. Com o objetivo de avaliar os ajustes morfológicos da soja (Glycine max (L.)) em diferentes colocações e taxas de adubação fosfatada em solo P, foi realizado um estudo em casa de vegetação com dois objetivos principais: 1) avaliar o efeito da adubação fosfatada sobre a raiz e acúmulo de biomassa na parte aérea e as alterações associadas no comprimento das raízes; e, 2) estimar o efeito das alterações do crescimento radicular na absorção de macro e micronutrientes na planta. Os tratamentos com fertilizantes foram: (1) transmissão P na superfície do solo (BR), (2) P5x5 cm (B) aplicada na faixa (B) e (3) banda profunda P a 20 cm de profundidade (DB); usando duas taxas: (1) 60 e (2) 120 kg P2O5 ha-1 em solo com alta fertilidade. Imagens de minirhizotron e medidas de SPAD foram realizadas uma vez por semana até o florescimento. O peso seco da raiz e da parte aérea, bem como a absorção total de macro e micronutrientes foram avaliados no mesmo estágio. O aumento dos níveis de P no solo promovidos pela adubação mostra um efeito negativo no peso seco da raiz na taxa de 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 e muito pouco estímulo à alocação de biomassa nas raízes quando a taxa de P foi aumentada para 120 kg P2O5 ha -1 em tratamentos B e DB. O tratamento de controlo (sem fertilizante) mostrou um comprimento de raiz 108% maior do que o tratamento com B-60. Essas alterações também alteraram a absorção de macro e micronutrientes e afetaram o teor de clorofila nas plantas de soja. O aumento dos níveis de P no solo promovidos pela adubação mostra um efeito negativo no peso seco da raiz na taxa de 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 e muito pouco estímulo à alocação de biomassa nas raízes quando a taxa de P foi aumentada para 120 kg P2O5 ha -1 em tratamentos B e DB. O tratamento de controlo (sem fertilizante) mostrou um comprimento de raiz 108% maior do que o tratamento com B-60. Essas alterações também alteraram a absorção de macro e micronutrientes e afetaram o teor de clorofila nas plantas de soja. O aumento dos níveis de P no solo promovidos pela adubação mostra um efeito negativo no peso seco da raiz na taxa de 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 e muito pouco estímulo à alocação de biomassa nas raízes quando a taxa de P foi aumentada para 120 kg P2O5 ha -1 em tratamentos B e DB. O tratamento de controlo (sem fertilizante) mostrou um comprimento de raiz 108% maior do que o tratamento com B-60. Essas alterações também alteraram a absorção de macro e micronutrientes e afetaram o teor de clorofila nas plantas de soja.","PeriodicalId":297313,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Science and Biotechnology","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121642269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Avanzi, L. S. Matsumoto, U. Albino, L. Rampazo, A. R. Barazetti, Igor M. O. Santos, G. Liuti, J. Mattos, M. Dealis, E. Niekawa, M. F. L. Andreata, G. Andrade
The no-tillage system requires a higher use of herbicides to control weeds before sowing, increasing the concern over the effect that such products might have on the environment. However, few studies reporting the influence of glyphosate on soil microorganisms are available in the literature. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of two formulations of glyphosate on functional groups of microorganisms in soybean rhizosphere. The experiment was performed in a greenhouse, and the treatments were the isopropylamine salt and the ammonium salt of glyphosate at the maximum and twice the maximum allowed dose. The control treatment had no application. The populations of soil bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, fluorescent pseudomonas, cellulolytics, amylolytics, proteolytics and free-living N-fixing were determined by plate counts on selective media. Plant root dry weight, shoot dry weight and the number and dry weight of nodules were determined. The application of herbicides had little effect on the populations of microorganisms, as well as on plant growth. Nevertheless, the interactions among some populations of microorganisms and between these and the plant were influenced by the formulation of the glyphosate applied.
{"title":"Glyphosate impact on C and N microbial functional groups in soybean rhizosphere","authors":"M. Avanzi, L. S. Matsumoto, U. Albino, L. Rampazo, A. R. Barazetti, Igor M. O. Santos, G. Liuti, J. Mattos, M. Dealis, E. Niekawa, M. F. L. Andreata, G. Andrade","doi":"10.33158/ASB.2019V5I1P1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33158/ASB.2019V5I1P1","url":null,"abstract":"The no-tillage system requires a higher use of herbicides to control weeds before sowing, increasing the concern over the effect that such products might have on the environment. However, few studies reporting the influence of glyphosate on soil microorganisms are available in the literature. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of two formulations of glyphosate on functional groups of microorganisms in soybean rhizosphere. The experiment was performed in a greenhouse, and the treatments were the isopropylamine salt and the ammonium salt of glyphosate at the maximum and twice the maximum allowed dose. The control treatment had no application. The populations of soil bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, fluorescent pseudomonas, cellulolytics, amylolytics, proteolytics and free-living N-fixing were determined by plate counts on selective media. Plant root dry weight, shoot dry weight and the number and dry weight of nodules were determined. The application of herbicides had little effect on the populations of microorganisms, as well as on plant growth. Nevertheless, the interactions among some populations of microorganisms and between these and the plant were influenced by the formulation of the glyphosate applied.","PeriodicalId":297313,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Science and Biotechnology","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126370557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-05DOI: 10.33158/ASB.2019V5I1P24
S. S. Neto, D. Zeffa, K. Arruda, C. Riede
The objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic performance of white oat cultivars available in the Brazilian market, under distinct environments, to identify genotypes resistant to leaf rust and leaf spot. The study evaluated 22 white oat cultivars originated from several Brazilian breedingprograms. Independent experiments were conducted during the winter crop of 2013 in Londrina and Mauá da Serra, Paraná state, being the cultivars tested under two conditions: with and without the application of fungicides. The incidence of leaf rust, leaf spot, grain yield and hectoliter weight were evaluated. The following cultivars showed genetic resistance to leaf rust: URS Charrua, URS Corona, and URS Guará. Cultivar IPR Afrodite stood out for its high yield and hectoliter weight, with values of 4950 kg.ha-1 and 49.6 kg.hL-1, respectively, under fungicides application conditions. Cultivar URS Corona remained stable in the two environments, showing less yield reduction and greater resistance to diseases. Cultivars UFFA Gauderia, UPFAFPS Farroupilha, URS Fapa Slava, FAEM Carlasul, URS 21, and URS Taura showed average grain yield over 4000 kg.ha-1 with the fungicides use.
{"title":"White oat agronomic performance and cultivar reactions to leaf rust and leaf spot","authors":"S. S. Neto, D. Zeffa, K. Arruda, C. Riede","doi":"10.33158/ASB.2019V5I1P24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33158/ASB.2019V5I1P24","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic performance of white oat cultivars available in the Brazilian market, under distinct environments, to identify genotypes resistant to leaf rust and leaf spot. The study evaluated 22 white oat cultivars originated from several Brazilian breedingprograms. Independent experiments were conducted during the winter crop of 2013 in Londrina and Mauá da Serra, Paraná state, being the cultivars tested under two conditions: with and without the application of fungicides. The incidence of leaf rust, leaf spot, grain yield and hectoliter weight were evaluated. The following cultivars showed genetic resistance to leaf rust: URS Charrua, URS Corona, and URS Guará. Cultivar IPR Afrodite stood out for its high yield and hectoliter weight, with values of 4950 kg.ha-1 and 49.6 kg.hL-1, respectively, under fungicides application conditions. Cultivar URS Corona remained stable in the two environments, showing less yield reduction and greater resistance to diseases. Cultivars UFFA Gauderia, UPFAFPS Farroupilha, URS Fapa Slava, FAEM Carlasul, URS 21, and URS Taura showed average grain yield over 4000 kg.ha-1 with the fungicides use.","PeriodicalId":297313,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Science and Biotechnology","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132086337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-05DOI: 10.33158/ASB.2019V5I1P32
D. B. Frölech, A. M. Assis, M. Schuch, M. Barros, M. Nadal, Bruna Andressa dos Santos Oliveira
Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.), much appreciated for its exotic flavor and nutraceutical properties, can be consumed in natura and in beverages such as nectar and juice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical characteristics and the acceptance of commercial nectar and blueberry juice elaborated by the steam dragging method. The work was carried out in August of 2016, at the Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas (RS). The experimental design was in a uniform scheme, with two levels: commercial nectar and juice elaborated with the combination of fruits of cultivars Bluegem and Powderblue. Soluble solids content, titratable acidity and the pH of the samples were evaluated. For the sensorial analysis, a panel of fifty-five judges evaluated attributes such as color, aroma, flavor, body and global acceptance, using a nine-point hedonic scale. Regarding the chemical analyzes, there was a statistical difference for total soluble solids content and the nectar showed the highest content. In the sensory analysis, the juice elaborated with ‘Bluegem’ and ‘Powderblue’ obtained the highest mean for color, while for the flavor and body attributes, the preference of the judges for the nectar was verified. However, both had good overall acceptance, with scores between 7.52 and 7.62. Thus, acceptance of both nectar and juice was considered satisfactory by the evaluators.
蓝莓(Vaccinium spp.)因其独特的风味和营养价值而备受赞赏，可以在自然环境中食用，也可以在花蜜和果汁等饮料中食用。本研究的目的是评价用蒸汽拖曳法制备的商品花蜜和蓝莓汁的化学特性和接受度。这项工作于2016年8月在Pelotas (RS)的universsidade Federal de Pelotas进行。试验设计采用统一的方案，分为两个层次:商品花蜜和以蓝宝石和粉蓝品种的果实组合精心制作的果汁。测定了样品的可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸度和pH值。在感官分析方面，一个由55名评委组成的小组使用9分制的享乐等级来评估葡萄酒的颜色、香气、味道、口感和全球接受度等属性。在化学分析方面，总可溶性固形物含量有统计学差异，甘露含量最高。在感官分析中，用“Bluegem”和“Powderblue”制作的果汁在颜色上获得了最高的平均值，而在味道和身体属性上，评委们对花蜜的偏好得到了验证。然而，两者的总体接受度都很好，得分在7.52到7.62之间。因此，对花蜜和果汁的接受度被评估者认为是令人满意的。
{"title":"Chemical and sensorial analysis of blueberry nectar and juice","authors":"D. B. Frölech, A. M. Assis, M. Schuch, M. Barros, M. Nadal, Bruna Andressa dos Santos Oliveira","doi":"10.33158/ASB.2019V5I1P32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33158/ASB.2019V5I1P32","url":null,"abstract":"Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.), much appreciated for its exotic flavor and nutraceutical properties, can be consumed in natura and in beverages such as nectar and juice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical characteristics and the acceptance of commercial nectar and blueberry juice elaborated by the steam dragging method. The work was carried out in August of 2016, at the Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas (RS). The experimental design was in a uniform scheme, with two levels: commercial nectar and juice elaborated with the combination of fruits of cultivars Bluegem and Powderblue. Soluble solids content, titratable acidity and the pH of the samples were evaluated. For the sensorial analysis, a panel of fifty-five judges evaluated attributes such as color, aroma, flavor, body and global acceptance, using a nine-point hedonic scale. Regarding the chemical analyzes, there was a statistical difference for total soluble solids content and the nectar showed the highest content. In the sensory analysis, the juice elaborated with ‘Bluegem’ and ‘Powderblue’ obtained the highest mean for color, while for the flavor and body attributes, the preference of the judges for the nectar was verified. However, both had good overall acceptance, with scores between 7.52 and 7.62. Thus, acceptance of both nectar and juice was considered satisfactory by the evaluators.","PeriodicalId":297313,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Science and Biotechnology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114277738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-18DOI: 10.33158/asb.2018v4i2p59
W. S. Ricce, S. Roberto, Glaucia de Almeida Padrão, P. Caramori
Grape harvesting period can be decisive for greater profitability to vine growers and for production quality. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate grape harvesting periods based on degree-days (DD) during different pruning periods, and under the risk of frosts in the State of Paraná. Based on a series of maximum and minimum temperatures data from 21 conventional stations managed by IAPAR, from 1976 to 2010, this study evaluated the risk of frosts and the degree-days required to complete each cycle in several regions of the state. Results showed that the occurrence of frosts is a restrictive factor for vine crops pruning in regions with higher altitudes and latitudes. For cultivars with low degree-days needs, results showed that in the Northeast of the state harvest could occur from the second ten-day-period of September, with winter pruning by July 5, making the commercialization during periods of less grapes offer. In this same region, cultivars with more needs of degree-days could be harvested between the first and second ten-day period of November. For the Central, Southern and Eastern regions, the risk of frosts in the month of July is high and pruning may result in cold damages to new shoots and vines. Therefore, harvesting must occur from January to May in these regions.
{"title":"Grape harvesting periods based on degree-days in Paraná state, Brazil","authors":"W. S. Ricce, S. Roberto, Glaucia de Almeida Padrão, P. Caramori","doi":"10.33158/asb.2018v4i2p59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33158/asb.2018v4i2p59","url":null,"abstract":"Grape harvesting period can be decisive for greater profitability to vine growers and for production quality. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate grape harvesting periods based on degree-days (DD) during different pruning periods, and under the risk of frosts in the State of Paraná. Based on a series of maximum and minimum temperatures data from 21 conventional stations managed by IAPAR, from 1976 to 2010, this study evaluated the risk of frosts and the degree-days required to complete each cycle in several regions of the state. Results showed that the occurrence of frosts is a restrictive factor for vine crops pruning in regions with higher altitudes and latitudes. For cultivars with low degree-days needs, results showed that in the Northeast of the state harvest could occur from the second ten-day-period of September, with winter pruning by July 5, making the commercialization during periods of less grapes offer. In this same region, cultivars with more needs of degree-days could be harvested between the first and second ten-day period of November. For the Central, Southern and Eastern regions, the risk of frosts in the month of July is high and pruning may result in cold damages to new shoots and vines. Therefore, harvesting must occur from January to May in these regions.","PeriodicalId":297313,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Science and Biotechnology","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125844799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-18DOI: 10.33158/ASB.2018V4I2P70
Flávia Lassie, Janaína Emiliano, A. S. Simionato, M. Navarro, Bárbara Gionco, Caroline Rosa da Silva, E. Niekawa, F. Silva, M. Dealis, Maria Valoto, G. Andrade
Yeasts of the genus Candida are commensals, colonizing the gastrointestinal and genital tract. Accounting for 15% of hospital acquired infections, they are considered a pathogen of clinical importance. The emergence of fungal infections and the occurrence of intrinsic and acquired resistance have reflected in the increased search for new antimicrobials. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of extracellular substances produced by Burkholderia sp. strain RV7S3, for yeast control of the genus Candida. The substance responsible for the antifungal activity was identified and characterized biochemically, its activity was evaluated by agar diffusion tests, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), action effect on biofilm formation, and hemolytic activity. The data suggested that the antifungal substance is a hydrolase that exhibits lipolytic activity. The lowest concentration of this enzyme, capable of inhibiting 90% of fungal growth, was 0.38 µg.mL-1. The agar diffusion test showed inhibition halo formation of fungal growth with a diameter of 10 mm or greater, presenting 17.5 ± 0.5 mm. The substance showed low hemolytic activity and reduced biofilm cell viability, demonstrating its potential as an antifungal agent.
{"title":"Bioactive substances produced by Burkholderia sp. with antifungal action in Candida spp","authors":"Flávia Lassie, Janaína Emiliano, A. S. Simionato, M. Navarro, Bárbara Gionco, Caroline Rosa da Silva, E. Niekawa, F. Silva, M. Dealis, Maria Valoto, G. Andrade","doi":"10.33158/ASB.2018V4I2P70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33158/ASB.2018V4I2P70","url":null,"abstract":"Yeasts of the genus Candida are commensals, colonizing the gastrointestinal and genital tract. Accounting for 15% of hospital acquired infections, they are considered a pathogen of clinical importance. The emergence of fungal infections and the occurrence of intrinsic and acquired resistance have reflected in the increased search for new antimicrobials. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of extracellular substances produced by Burkholderia sp. strain RV7S3, for yeast control of the genus Candida. The substance responsible for the antifungal activity was identified and characterized biochemically, its activity was evaluated by agar diffusion tests, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), action effect on biofilm formation, and hemolytic activity. The data suggested that the antifungal substance is a hydrolase that exhibits lipolytic activity. The lowest concentration of this enzyme, capable of inhibiting 90% of fungal growth, was 0.38 µg.mL-1. The agar diffusion test showed inhibition halo formation of fungal growth with a diameter of 10 mm or greater, presenting 17.5 ± 0.5 mm. The substance showed low hemolytic activity and reduced biofilm cell viability, demonstrating its potential as an antifungal agent.","PeriodicalId":297313,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Science and Biotechnology","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123691925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-18DOI: 10.33158/asb.2018v4i2p86
A. M. Assis, S. Roberto, V. Júnior, C. Oliveira, R. Hoshino, C. H. Mashima, C. Ramos, Elder Andreazzi
The objective of this work was to evaluate the initial development of yellow passion fruit, as a function of the method of extracting the mucilage of the seeds (washing in water, fermentation in water and fermentation in water + sugar) and substrates (carbonized rice husk, coconut fiber and vermiculite). The completely randomized design with nine treatments and five replicates, with 50 seeds was used, in a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement (three mucilage extraction methods and three types of substrates). After 56 days of sowing, the following variables were evaluated seedling emergence percentage, number of leaves, leaf area, stem length and root largest length, dry mass of shoot and roots; and substrates characteristics such as pH, electric conductivity, density and water retention capacity. The emergence speed index was evaluated daily from sowing. It is verified that, except for the number of leaves and the shoot dry matter mass, the other variables were influenced by the study factors. In general, in the seeds without fermentation and fermentation in water mixed with sugar, the highest averages were obtained, regardless of the substrate used. Thus, both mucilage extraction methods and all tested substrates are indicated in the initial development of yellow passion fruit.
{"title":"Yellow passion fruit tree sexual propagation by different mucilage extraction methods and substrates","authors":"A. M. Assis, S. Roberto, V. Júnior, C. Oliveira, R. Hoshino, C. H. Mashima, C. Ramos, Elder Andreazzi","doi":"10.33158/asb.2018v4i2p86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33158/asb.2018v4i2p86","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this work was to evaluate the initial development of yellow passion fruit, as a function of the method of extracting the mucilage of the seeds (washing in water, fermentation in water and fermentation in water + sugar) and substrates (carbonized rice husk, coconut fiber and vermiculite). The completely randomized design with nine treatments and five replicates, with 50 seeds was used, in a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement (three mucilage extraction methods and three types of substrates). After 56 days of sowing, the following variables were evaluated seedling emergence percentage, number of leaves, leaf area, stem length and root largest length, dry mass of shoot and roots; and substrates characteristics such as pH, electric conductivity, density and water retention capacity. The emergence speed index was evaluated daily from sowing. It is verified that, except for the number of leaves and the shoot dry matter mass, the other variables were influenced by the study factors. In general, in the seeds without fermentation and fermentation in water mixed with sugar, the highest averages were obtained, regardless of the substrate used. Thus, both mucilage extraction methods and all tested substrates are indicated in the initial development of yellow passion fruit.","PeriodicalId":297313,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Science and Biotechnology","volume":"87 16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126300467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-18DOI: 10.33158/asb.2018v4i2p79
M. A. D. Cruz, D. U. Carvalho, R. Colombo, Luiz Yokota, André Roberto Fernandes da Silva, Helio Martucci Neto, S. Roberto
Grape juices are blended in order to balance the organoleptic characteristics of juice, as well as to reduce off-season costs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acceptance of consumers, through sensory analysis, of ‘Bordô’, ‘Niagara Rosada’, ‘BRS Nubia’ and ‘Isabel’ grape juices and their blends. The experiment was conducted during two periods. In the first, the grape juices analyzed were: ‘Niagara Rosada’ 100%, ‘Bordô’ 100%, ‘Isabel’ 100%, ‘Isabel’ 90% + ‘Bordô’ 10% and ‘Isabel’ 80% + ‘Bordô’ 20%. In the second, the following juices were evaluated: ‘Bordô’ 100%, ‘Niagara Rosada’ 100%, ‘Bordô’ 75% + ‘Niagara Rosada’ 25%, ‘Bordô’ 50% + ‘Niagara Rosada’ 50%, ‘Bordô’ 25% + ‘Niagara Rosada’ 75% and ‘BRS Nubia’ 100%. The juices were obtained by the ‘Welch’ process by steam entrainment. For the sensory evaluation, six tasters evaluated the following attributes in each period: color, aroma, flavor, body and overall acceptability, using a 7-point hedonic scale. The ‘Niagara Rosada’ juice 100% presents low acceptance, while the ‘Bordô’ and ‘Niagara Rosada’ juices up to 1:1 (v:v) show high acceptance, as well as ‘Bordô’ and ‘Isabel’ blends, confirming the importance of ‘Bordô’ juice for grape juice blends. The ‘Nubia’ juice 100% may be an alternative for grape juice blends due to its intense color.
{"title":"Exploratory analysis of the sensory attributes of american grape juice blends","authors":"M. A. D. Cruz, D. U. Carvalho, R. Colombo, Luiz Yokota, André Roberto Fernandes da Silva, Helio Martucci Neto, S. Roberto","doi":"10.33158/asb.2018v4i2p79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33158/asb.2018v4i2p79","url":null,"abstract":"Grape juices are blended in order to balance the organoleptic characteristics of juice, as well as to reduce off-season costs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acceptance of consumers, through sensory analysis, of ‘Bordô’, ‘Niagara Rosada’, ‘BRS Nubia’ and ‘Isabel’ grape juices and their blends. The experiment was conducted during two periods. In the first, the grape juices analyzed were: ‘Niagara Rosada’ 100%, ‘Bordô’ 100%, ‘Isabel’ 100%, ‘Isabel’ 90% + ‘Bordô’ 10% and ‘Isabel’ 80% + ‘Bordô’ 20%. In the second, the following juices were evaluated: ‘Bordô’ 100%, ‘Niagara Rosada’ 100%, ‘Bordô’ 75% + ‘Niagara Rosada’ 25%, ‘Bordô’ 50% + ‘Niagara Rosada’ 50%, ‘Bordô’ 25% + ‘Niagara Rosada’ 75% and ‘BRS Nubia’ 100%. The juices were obtained by the ‘Welch’ process by steam entrainment. For the sensory evaluation, six tasters evaluated the following attributes in each period: color, aroma, flavor, body and overall acceptability, using a 7-point hedonic scale. The ‘Niagara Rosada’ juice 100% presents low acceptance, while the ‘Bordô’ and ‘Niagara Rosada’ juices up to 1:1 (v:v) show high acceptance, as well as ‘Bordô’ and ‘Isabel’ blends, confirming the importance of ‘Bordô’ juice for grape juice blends. The ‘Nubia’ juice 100% may be an alternative for grape juice blends due to its intense color.","PeriodicalId":297313,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Science and Biotechnology","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126769846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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