Pub Date : 2023-07-04DOI: 10.33158/asb.r193.v9.2023
Iago Jardim Santos, I. Carvalho, Leonardo Cesar Pradebon, Murilo Vieira Loro, E. D. Port, Guilherme Mallmann, Dassaiévis Gonzatto Maciel, Pedro Felipe Lopes, Gabriel Carioli
This work aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance of wheat cultivars and to evaluate the use of nitrogen doses. Two experiments took place at Centro de Pesquisas e Resultados Agronômicos das Missões (CEPRAM), in the municipality of Entre-Ijuís, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Experiment I took place in a randomized block experimental design, evaluating 22 wheat genotypes in four replications. Experiment II took place in a randomized block experimental design, organized in a factorial arrangement of 7 nitrogen doses x 2 wheat genotypes. The doses of nitrogen were 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150 kg ha-1 and two wheat cultivars ORS Senna and TBIO Audaz, with 4 replications. In 10 plants, randomly collected, in each experimental unit were evaluated the morphological and productive variables. Performing Analysis of variance and Tukey's mean comparison test in both experiments. Applying principal component analysis and genetic dissimilarity in experiment I. The cultivar TBIO Noble showed productive and morphological characteristics that maximize the agronomic performance of wheat. There is genetic divergence between wheat genotypes for productive and morphological traits. Cultivar ORS Senna enhanced ear length and number of tillers at doses of 44 kg of N ha-1 and 48 kg of N ha-1, respectively.
本研究旨在评价小麦品种的农艺性能，并对氮素用量进行评价。在巴西南里奥格兰德州Entre-Ijuís市的研究结果中心Agronômicos das Missões (CEPRAM)进行了两项实验。试验1采用随机区组试验设计，在4个重复中评估22种小麦基因型。试验II采用随机区组试验设计，按7个氮剂量x 2个小麦基因型进行因子安排。施氮量分别为0、25、50、75、100、125、150 kg hm -1，选用ORS Senna和TBIO Audaz 2个小麦品种，共4个重复。在每个试验单元随机抽取10株植物，对其形态和生产指标进行评价。对两个实验进行方差分析和Tukey均值比较检验。试验一:利用主成分分析和遗传差异分析，TBIO Noble品种表现出最大限度提高小麦农艺性能的生产和形态特征。小麦各基因型在生产性状和形态性状上存在遗传差异。44 kg N hm -1和48 kg N hm -1处理可显著提高苜蓿的穗长和分蘖数。
{"title":"Agronomic performance of wheat genotypes and the use of nitrogen doses","authors":"Iago Jardim Santos, I. Carvalho, Leonardo Cesar Pradebon, Murilo Vieira Loro, E. D. Port, Guilherme Mallmann, Dassaiévis Gonzatto Maciel, Pedro Felipe Lopes, Gabriel Carioli","doi":"10.33158/asb.r193.v9.2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33158/asb.r193.v9.2023","url":null,"abstract":"This work aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance of wheat cultivars and to evaluate the use of nitrogen doses. Two experiments took place at Centro de Pesquisas e Resultados Agronômicos das Missões (CEPRAM), in the municipality of Entre-Ijuís, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Experiment I took place in a randomized block experimental design, evaluating 22 wheat genotypes in four replications. Experiment II took place in a randomized block experimental design, organized in a factorial arrangement of 7 nitrogen doses x 2 wheat genotypes. The doses of nitrogen were 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150 kg ha-1 and two wheat cultivars ORS Senna and TBIO Audaz, with 4 replications. In 10 plants, randomly collected, in each experimental unit were evaluated the morphological and productive variables. Performing Analysis of variance and Tukey's mean comparison test in both experiments. Applying principal component analysis and genetic dissimilarity in experiment I. The cultivar TBIO Noble showed productive and morphological characteristics that maximize the agronomic performance of wheat. There is genetic divergence between wheat genotypes for productive and morphological traits. Cultivar ORS Senna enhanced ear length and number of tillers at doses of 44 kg of N ha-1 and 48 kg of N ha-1, respectively.","PeriodicalId":297313,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Science and Biotechnology","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114745068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.33158/asb.r186.v9.2023
João Victor Costa Carneiro Paixão, É. Matsuo, Ithalo Coelho de Sousa, M. Nascimento, Igor Silva Oliveira, A. F. Macedo, Gustavo Martins Santana
The cultivation of soy has an economic importance for the Brazilian agricultural scenario. The aim of this study was to establish a network architecture for the classification of soybean genotypes, by means of morphological characters measured in the juvenile phase of the plant, and finally to compare the results obtained through Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Anderson Discriminant Analysis. The study analyzed plants of 10 conventional cultivars in the initial stages of development (V1, V2 and V3 stages). The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design with 5 replications, and the experimental unit was represented by 9 plants. The data were submitted to the Anderson Discriminant Analysis and multilayer Perceptron ANN, with 1 or 2 hidden layers. To analyze the homogeneity of the variance and covariance matrix, the Box’s M-Test was adopted in the Program R, at 5% significance level. An input layer, one or two hidden layers, and an output layer formed the ANN architecture. The 5-fold cross validation was used to verify the efficiency of the discriminant functions and also in the ANN analysis. Subsequently, the apparent error rate (AER) was obtained. Box’s M-Test indicated inhomogeneity in the variance and covariance matrices, which indicated the need to perform Anderson's Quadratic Discriminant Analysis. The ANNs presented lower apparent error rate when compared to the Anderson's Quadratic Discriminant Analysis and the artificial neural network with 1 hidden layer was sufficient to perform the classification of soybean cultivars.
{"title":"Classification of soybean cultivars by means of artificial neural networks","authors":"João Victor Costa Carneiro Paixão, É. Matsuo, Ithalo Coelho de Sousa, M. Nascimento, Igor Silva Oliveira, A. F. Macedo, Gustavo Martins Santana","doi":"10.33158/asb.r186.v9.2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33158/asb.r186.v9.2023","url":null,"abstract":"The cultivation of soy has an economic importance for the Brazilian agricultural scenario. The aim of this study was to establish a network architecture for the classification of soybean genotypes, by means of morphological characters measured in the juvenile phase of the plant, and finally to compare the results obtained through Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Anderson Discriminant Analysis. The study analyzed plants of 10 conventional cultivars in the initial stages of development (V1, V2 and V3 stages). The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design with 5 replications, and the experimental unit was represented by 9 plants. The data were submitted to the Anderson Discriminant Analysis and multilayer Perceptron ANN, with 1 or 2 hidden layers. To analyze the homogeneity of the variance and covariance matrix, the Box’s M-Test was adopted in the Program R, at 5% significance level. An input layer, one or two hidden layers, and an output layer formed the ANN architecture. The 5-fold cross validation was used to verify the efficiency of the discriminant functions and also in the ANN analysis. Subsequently, the apparent error rate (AER) was obtained. Box’s M-Test indicated inhomogeneity in the variance and covariance matrices, which indicated the need to perform Anderson's Quadratic Discriminant Analysis. The ANNs presented lower apparent error rate when compared to the Anderson's Quadratic Discriminant Analysis and the artificial neural network with 1 hidden layer was sufficient to perform the classification of soybean cultivars.","PeriodicalId":297313,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Science and Biotechnology","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114262001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.33158/asb.r185.v9.2023
Willian Daniel Reis Gontijo, É. Matsuo, A. B. Evaristo, P. Cecon, S. C. Ferreira, Marcely Araújo Martins Reis
Morphological characters of soybean can be influenced by shading which are occasionally caused in plants. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of different shading levels on epicotyl length, epicotyl diameter and height of soybean plants. The experiments were conducted in a greenhouse. When the plants reached the V2 development stage, measurements were taken of epicotyl length and epicotyl diameter in experiment I (conducted in autumn); and epicotyl length, epicotyl diameter, and plant height in experiments II (spring/summer) and III (summer). Each experiments were conducted in a randomized block design, in subdivided plots, with four repetitions. The plots were composed of four shading levels and the subplots were composed of eight conventional cultivars. Each experimental unit consisted of one plant grown in a 3 dm³ pot filled with soil and organic matter. The three characters evaluated in the experiment presented significant effect for the interaction cultivar x shading x sowing seasons. Epicotyl length, independent of the sowing season, increased as the shading level intensified. Both the shading level and the sowing season influenced the diameter of the epicotyl, in a general way, reducing the diameter as the shading level increased. With increasing shading rate there was an increase in plant height. Moreover, the cultivars formed statistically distinct groups for the three morphological characters evaluated.
{"title":"Analysis of morphological characters in soybean plants submitted to different levels of artificial shading","authors":"Willian Daniel Reis Gontijo, É. Matsuo, A. B. Evaristo, P. Cecon, S. C. Ferreira, Marcely Araújo Martins Reis","doi":"10.33158/asb.r185.v9.2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33158/asb.r185.v9.2023","url":null,"abstract":"Morphological characters of soybean can be influenced by shading which are occasionally caused in plants. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of different shading levels on epicotyl length, epicotyl diameter and height of soybean plants. The experiments were conducted in a greenhouse. When the plants reached the V2 development stage, measurements were taken of epicotyl length and epicotyl diameter in experiment I (conducted in autumn); and epicotyl length, epicotyl diameter, and plant height in experiments II (spring/summer) and III (summer). Each experiments were conducted in a randomized block design, in subdivided plots, with four repetitions. The plots were composed of four shading levels and the subplots were composed of eight conventional cultivars. Each experimental unit consisted of one plant grown in a 3 dm³ pot filled with soil and organic matter. The three characters evaluated in the experiment presented significant effect for the interaction cultivar x shading x sowing seasons. Epicotyl length, independent of the sowing season, increased as the shading level intensified. Both the shading level and the sowing season influenced the diameter of the epicotyl, in a general way, reducing the diameter as the shading level increased. With increasing shading rate there was an increase in plant height. Moreover, the cultivars formed statistically distinct groups for the three morphological characters evaluated.","PeriodicalId":297313,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Science and Biotechnology","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130099716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-31DOI: 10.33158/asb.r182.v9.2023
M. G. Karasawa, V. B. Tavares, J. C. Pinto, Francisco José Silva Lédo, A. V. Pereira, J. P. Pinto
Elephant grass is a tropical forage crop highly used in dairy cattle production, in Brazil. It has been getting special attention, because of its bioenergy potential, medicinal properties, and bioremediation profile. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of thermotherapy based on clonal cleaning methods and meristem culture on the mineral content of elephant grass (Cenchrus purpureus (Schumach.) Morrone). Cultivars “Mineiro”, “Taiwan A-147” and “Pioneiro” were subjected to the following methods: thermotherapy (T) combined to meristem culture (MC), meristem culture and mature stems (control). The experiment assessed the mineral contents of phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and sulfur (S) at three cuttings, which were performed every 60 days, for 180 days. There was lack of effects from these methods on the mineral content of approximately 66% of the carried out assessments, standing out unanimity for all cultivars, methods, and most of the cuts. T+MC was the only method showing positive effect on P and Ca content, in all cuts, in the cultivars Taiwan A-147 and Pioneiro, respectively. There was clear negative effect of cleaning methods on P and Ca content, in all cuts, for cultivar Mineiro, and on Mg, for cultivar Taiwan A-147. These results, along with the positive effects observed in vegetative and nutritional parameters shown in other articles published in this Journal, show that the clonal cleaning methods are strongly recommended for cultivars with more than 15 years of ripe stem propagation.
{"title":"Effects of thermotherapy and meristem culture techniques on macro and micronutrients content in elephant grass cultivars","authors":"M. G. Karasawa, V. B. Tavares, J. C. Pinto, Francisco José Silva Lédo, A. V. Pereira, J. P. Pinto","doi":"10.33158/asb.r182.v9.2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33158/asb.r182.v9.2023","url":null,"abstract":"Elephant grass is a tropical forage crop highly used in dairy cattle production, in Brazil. It has been getting special attention, because of its bioenergy potential, medicinal properties, and bioremediation profile. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of thermotherapy based on clonal cleaning methods and meristem culture on the mineral content of elephant grass (Cenchrus purpureus (Schumach.) Morrone). Cultivars “Mineiro”, “Taiwan A-147” and “Pioneiro” were subjected to the following methods: thermotherapy (T) combined to meristem culture (MC), meristem culture and mature stems (control). The experiment assessed the mineral contents of phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and sulfur (S) at three cuttings, which were performed every 60 days, for 180 days. There was lack of effects from these methods on the mineral content of approximately 66% of the carried out assessments, standing out unanimity for all cultivars, methods, and most of the cuts. T+MC was the only method showing positive effect on P and Ca content, in all cuts, in the cultivars Taiwan A-147 and Pioneiro, respectively. There was clear negative effect of cleaning methods on P and Ca content, in all cuts, for cultivar Mineiro, and on Mg, for cultivar Taiwan A-147. These results, along with the positive effects observed in vegetative and nutritional parameters shown in other articles published in this Journal, show that the clonal cleaning methods are strongly recommended for cultivars with more than 15 years of ripe stem propagation.","PeriodicalId":297313,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Science and Biotechnology","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127591765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-26DOI: 10.33158/asb.r187.v9.2023
Leonardo Cesar Pradebon, I. Carvalho, J. Sangiovo, Murilo Vieira Loro, Victor Delino Barasuol Scarton, E. D. Port, Guilherme Mallmann, Guilherme Stasiak, Dassaiévis Gonzatto Maciel, Pedro Felipe Lopes, Gabriel Carioli
The objective of the study was to evidence efficient management strategies in order to maximize soybean grain yield. The experiments took place at Centro de Pesquisas e Resultados Agronômicos das Missões (CPRAM), located in Entre - Ijuís - Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Three experiments were carried out in a randomized block design with four replications per treatment. The experiments were based on soybean crop management. Soil cover with vetch enhanced soybean grain yield. The cultivar BRS 5804RR® presented the best productive performance in the arrangements of 7 and 11 seeds m-1. Artificial defoliation did not influence soybean grain yield.
该研究的目的是为了证明有效的管理策略，以最大限度地提高大豆籽粒产量。实验在巴西南里奥格兰德州中心(Ijuís -南里奥格兰德州)的研究结果中心Agronômicos das Missões (CPRAM)进行。3个试验采用随机区组设计，每个处理4个重复。试验以大豆作物管理为基础。紫薇覆盖可提高大豆籽粒产量。品种BRS 5804RR®在7粒和11粒m-1的排列中表现出最好的生产性能。人工落叶对大豆籽粒产量没有影响。
{"title":"Management tendencies and needs: a joint proposal to maximize soybean grain yield","authors":"Leonardo Cesar Pradebon, I. Carvalho, J. Sangiovo, Murilo Vieira Loro, Victor Delino Barasuol Scarton, E. D. Port, Guilherme Mallmann, Guilherme Stasiak, Dassaiévis Gonzatto Maciel, Pedro Felipe Lopes, Gabriel Carioli","doi":"10.33158/asb.r187.v9.2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33158/asb.r187.v9.2023","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the study was to evidence efficient management strategies in order to maximize soybean grain yield. The experiments took place at Centro de Pesquisas e Resultados Agronômicos das Missões (CPRAM), located in Entre - Ijuís - Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Three experiments were carried out in a randomized block design with four replications per treatment. The experiments were based on soybean crop management. Soil cover with vetch enhanced soybean grain yield. The cultivar BRS 5804RR® presented the best productive performance in the arrangements of 7 and 11 seeds m-1. Artificial defoliation did not influence soybean grain yield.","PeriodicalId":297313,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Science and Biotechnology","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129618725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.33158/asb.r167.v9.2023
Rafaella Juliane Gonçalves, P. S. Vidigal Filho, Helio Souza Junior, M. C. Gonçalves‐Vidigal, G. F. Lacanallo, Mariana Vaz Bisneta
Anthracnose, caused by the fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. and Magnus) Briosi and Cavara, is a major disease affecting the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), potentially causing yield losses of up to 100%. Utilizing resistant cultivars is the most effective approach for disease control. This study aimed to characterize the genetic resistance of two cultivars, TU and Michigan Dark Red Kidney (MDRK), to anthracnose. Inheritance tests were performed on F2:3 families from the TU (R) × AND 277 (S) cross using C. lindemuthianum race 3, and on F2:3 families from the crosses TU (R) × Kaboon (S) and TU (R) × Perry Marrow (S) inoculated with race 39. Inoculation with three races of C. lindemuthianum showed that MDRK carried the allele of the Co-1 locus. However, inoculation of F2:3 families from the MDRK × TU cross with race 1545 revealed that MDRK's resistance to this race is conditioned by two dominant genes (Co-1 allele on Pv01 and another allele on Pv04). Segregation results from inheritance tests using F2:3 families with the TU resistant cultivar fitted to a 1RR:2RS:1SS ratio, indicating the presence of a single dominant gene in the TU cultivar. Both the Mesoamerican TU and the Andean MDRK cultivars represent valuable sources of resistance to C. lindemuthianum and can be incorporated into common bean breeding programs to enhance disease resistance.
{"title":"Enhanced understanding of anthracnose resistance in Michigan Dark Red Kidney common bean cultivar","authors":"Rafaella Juliane Gonçalves, P. S. Vidigal Filho, Helio Souza Junior, M. C. Gonçalves‐Vidigal, G. F. Lacanallo, Mariana Vaz Bisneta","doi":"10.33158/asb.r167.v9.2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33158/asb.r167.v9.2023","url":null,"abstract":"Anthracnose, caused by the fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. and Magnus) Briosi and Cavara, is a major disease affecting the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), potentially causing yield losses of up to 100%. Utilizing resistant cultivars is the most effective approach for disease control. This study aimed to characterize the genetic resistance of two cultivars, TU and Michigan Dark Red Kidney (MDRK), to anthracnose. Inheritance tests were performed on F2:3 families from the TU (R) × AND 277 (S) cross using C. lindemuthianum race 3, and on F2:3 families from the crosses TU (R) × Kaboon (S) and TU (R) × Perry Marrow (S) inoculated with race 39. Inoculation with three races of C. lindemuthianum showed that MDRK carried the allele of the Co-1 locus. However, inoculation of F2:3 families from the MDRK × TU cross with race 1545 revealed that MDRK's resistance to this race is conditioned by two dominant genes (Co-1 allele on Pv01 and another allele on Pv04). Segregation results from inheritance tests using F2:3 families with the TU resistant cultivar fitted to a 1RR:2RS:1SS ratio, indicating the presence of a single dominant gene in the TU cultivar. Both the Mesoamerican TU and the Andean MDRK cultivars represent valuable sources of resistance to C. lindemuthianum and can be incorporated into common bean breeding programs to enhance disease resistance.","PeriodicalId":297313,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Science and Biotechnology","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124240568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-08DOI: 10.33158/asb.r179.v9.2023
Antônio Carlos da Silva Júnior, Waldênia Melo Moura, L. L. Bhering, Michele Jorge Silva Siqueira, W. G. Costa, M. Nascimento, C. Cruz
Machine learning and computational intelligence are rapidly emerging in plant breeding, allowing the exploration of big data concepts and predicting the importance of predictors. In this context, the main challenges are how to analyze datasets and extract new knowledge at all levels of research. Predicting the importance of variables in genetic improvement programs allows for faster progress, carrying out an extensive phenotypic evaluation of the germplasm, and selecting and predicting traits that present low heritability and/or measurement difficulties. Although, simultaneous evaluation of traits provides a wide variety of information, identifying which predictor variable is most important is a challenge for the breeder. The traditional approach to variable selection is based on multiple linear regression. It evaluates the relationship between a response variable and two or more independent variables. However, this approach has limitations regarding its ability to analyze high-dimensional data and not capture complex and multivariate relationships between traits. In summary, machine learning and computational intelligence approaches allow inferences about complex interactions in plant breeding. Given this, a systematic review to disentangle machine learning and computational intelligence approaches is relevant to breeders and was considered in this review. We present the main steps for developing each strategy (from data selection to evaluating classification/prediction models and quantifying the best predictor).
{"title":"Prediction and importance of predictors in approaches based on computational intelligence and machine learning","authors":"Antônio Carlos da Silva Júnior, Waldênia Melo Moura, L. L. Bhering, Michele Jorge Silva Siqueira, W. G. Costa, M. Nascimento, C. Cruz","doi":"10.33158/asb.r179.v9.2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33158/asb.r179.v9.2023","url":null,"abstract":"Machine learning and computational intelligence are rapidly emerging in plant breeding, allowing the exploration of big data concepts and predicting the importance of predictors. In this context, the main challenges are how to analyze datasets and extract new knowledge at all levels of research. Predicting the importance of variables in genetic improvement programs allows for faster progress, carrying out an extensive phenotypic evaluation of the germplasm, and selecting and predicting traits that present low heritability and/or measurement difficulties. Although, simultaneous evaluation of traits provides a wide variety of information, identifying which predictor variable is most important is a challenge for the breeder. The traditional approach to variable selection is based on multiple linear regression. It evaluates the relationship between a response variable and two or more independent variables. However, this approach has limitations regarding its ability to analyze high-dimensional data and not capture complex and multivariate relationships between traits. In summary, machine learning and computational intelligence approaches allow inferences about complex interactions in plant breeding. Given this, a systematic review to disentangle machine learning and computational intelligence approaches is relevant to breeders and was considered in this review. We present the main steps for developing each strategy (from data selection to evaluating classification/prediction models and quantifying the best predictor). \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":297313,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Science and Biotechnology","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122052765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-08DOI: 10.33158/asb.r177.v9.2023
Cristiano Ferreira de Oliveira, Jacqueline Enequio Souza, Michele Jorge Silva Siqueira, Antônio Carlos da Silva Júnior, Reinaldo Paula Ferreira, D. Vilela, C. Cruz
The biggest challenge in the alfalfa breeding program is to obtain cultivars with high persistence, high productivity, and adaptability. Therefore, studies about selection methods are necessary for the success of alfalfa breeding programs. This study aimed to evaluate dry matter yield and persistence in alfalfa for selecting genotypes, using appropriate statistical models for experiments with repeated measures. The experiment was conducted at Embrapa Southeast Livestock, in São Carlos, state of São Paulo, Brazil in a randomized blocks design, in plots subdivided in time, with three replicates. Eight genotypes were evaluated, and the agronomic trait evaluated was dry matter yield. The experiments in split-plots were used with two and three errors and generalized linear models with the following correlation structures: composite symmetry (CS), heterogeneous composite symmetry (HCS), auto regressive (AR), heterogeneous auto regressive (HAR), and variance components (VC). The best model was selected according to the lowest value of the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), and three methodologies were used to identify the genotype with greater productivity and persistence: Average test for multiple comparisons, adaptability, and stability by multi-information, and similarity between genotype and ideotype. The interaction between genotypes and cuts was significant, demonstrating the existence of the different behavior of the alfalfa genotypes over the cuts. Different methodologies allowed to measure the average yield of the alfalfa genotype and the persistence over the cuts. PSB 4 genotype demonstrated promissory behavior in terms of productivity and persistence throughout the production cycle of alfalfa.
苜蓿育种计划面临的最大挑战是获得高持久性、高生产力和适应性的品种。因此，选择方法的研究是苜蓿育种计划成功的必要条件。本研究旨在利用适当的统计模型进行重复试验，评价苜蓿干物质产量和持久性，以选择基因型。实验在巴西圣保罗州奥卡洛斯州东南畜牧研究所进行，采用随机区组设计，按时间细分，重复3次。评价了8个基因型，农艺性状评价为干物质产量。实验采用二误差和三误差的分裂图和广义线性模型，相关结构为复合对称(CS)、异质复合对称(HCS)、自回归(AR)、异质自回归(HAR)和方差成分(VC)。根据赤池信息准则(Akaike Information Criterion, AIC)的最小值选择最佳模型，并采用多重比较的平均检验、多信息的适应性和稳定性以及基因型与理想型的相似性3种方法来鉴定具有较高生产力和持久性的基因型。基因型与切口间的交互作用显著，说明苜蓿基因型在切口上存在不同的行为。不同的方法允许测量苜蓿基因型的平均产量和切割后的持久性。psb4基因型在紫花苜蓿整个生产周期的生产力和持久性方面表现出预期的行为。
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Pub Date : 2023-03-07DOI: 10.33158/asb.r183.v9.2023
J. G. Ferreira, Helio Souza Junior, A. Scherer, Ellen Rúbia Diniz
The common bean is a legume capable of performing biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the application of rock powder associated with inoculation of Bradyrhizobium spp. in isolation or associated on the relative chlorophyll index in common bean leaves. Two experiments were conducted at the Federal Institute of Paraná Campus (IF-PR) in Ivaiporã- PR with four treatments and four completely randomized replicates. The treatments were: Inoculation of seeds with Bradyrhizobium spp; Inoculation of Bradyrhizobium spp. with basalt application; basalt application and control. The chemical analysis of the soil was performed. The seeds were inoculated with MasterFix based on Bradyrhizobium spp. following the manufacturer's recommendations. The relative chlorophyll index (IRC) was evaluated after the opening of the second trifoliate leaf. The IRC in experiment 1 was evaluated at 23, 38 and 53 days after sowing. In experiment 2, the IRC of the plants was evaluated at 25 and 41 days after sowing. The significant effect of treatments at 38 and 53 DAP was verified in relation to IRC, when the plants were cultivated with application of rock powder associated or not with Bradyrhizobium spp. There were treatment effects in relation to IRC in plants inoculated with Bradyrhizobium spp. and inoculated with Bradyrhizobium spp associated with rock powder, when compared with basalt powder and control. There was benefit of increased IRC in both treatments inoculated with Bradyrhizobium spp.
普通豆是一种能够进行生物固氮(BNF)的豆类。本研究旨在评价岩石粉与单独或联合接种缓生根瘤菌对普通豆叶片相对叶绿素指数的影响。在Ivaiporã- PR的Federal Institute of paranus Campus (IF-PR)进行了两项实验，包括四种处理和四个完全随机重复。处理方法为:用慢生根瘤菌接种种子;玄武岩接种缓生根瘤菌的研究玄武岩的应用与控制。对土壤进行了化学分析。种子接种MasterFix基于慢生根瘤菌属，按照制造商的建议。测定三叶草第二叶开叶后的相对叶绿素指数(IRC)。试验1分别在播后23、38和53 d评价IRC。试验2分别在播种后25天和41 d测定植株的IRC。在施用缓生根瘤菌和不施用缓生根瘤菌伴生岩粉的情况下，38和53 DAP处理对IRC均有显著影响。与玄武岩粉和对照相比，接种缓生根瘤菌和接种缓生根瘤菌伴生岩粉的植株对IRC均有显著影响。接种慢生根瘤菌两种处理均有提高IRC的效果。
{"title":"Effect of fertilization with basalt powder and inoculation of Bradyrhizobium spp in common bean","authors":"J. G. Ferreira, Helio Souza Junior, A. Scherer, Ellen Rúbia Diniz","doi":"10.33158/asb.r183.v9.2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33158/asb.r183.v9.2023","url":null,"abstract":"The common bean is a legume capable of performing biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the application of rock powder associated with inoculation of Bradyrhizobium spp. in isolation or associated on the relative chlorophyll index in common bean leaves. Two experiments were conducted at the Federal Institute of Paraná Campus (IF-PR) in Ivaiporã- PR with four treatments and four completely randomized replicates. The treatments were: Inoculation of seeds with Bradyrhizobium spp; Inoculation of Bradyrhizobium spp. with basalt application; basalt application and control. The chemical analysis of the soil was performed. The seeds were inoculated with MasterFix based on Bradyrhizobium spp. following the manufacturer's recommendations. The relative chlorophyll index (IRC) was evaluated after the opening of the second trifoliate leaf. The IRC in experiment 1 was evaluated at 23, 38 and 53 days after sowing. In experiment 2, the IRC of the plants was evaluated at 25 and 41 days after sowing. The significant effect of treatments at 38 and 53 DAP was verified in relation to IRC, when the plants were cultivated with application of rock powder associated or not with Bradyrhizobium spp. There were treatment effects in relation to IRC in plants inoculated with Bradyrhizobium spp. and inoculated with Bradyrhizobium spp associated with rock powder, when compared with basalt powder and control. There was benefit of increased IRC in both treatments inoculated with Bradyrhizobium spp.","PeriodicalId":297313,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Science and Biotechnology","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130603119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.33158/asb.r176.v9.2023
M. G. Karasawa, Valdir Tavares Botega, J. Pinto, Francisco José Silva Lédo, A. V. Pereira, J. C. Pinto
Elephant grass plays important role in dairy cattle production and has received special attention due to its potential in bioenergy and phytoremediation, as well as to its medicinal properties. The aim was investigating the effects of thermotherapy and meristem culture on elephant grass (Cenchrus purpureus (Schumach.) Morrone) forage production and nutritional value. Cultivars “Mineiro”, “Taiwan A-147” and “Pioneiro” were subjected to the methods: thermotherapy plus meristem culture, meristem culture and mature stems (control). The experiment assessed the tiller number (TN), tiller height (TH), number of leaves/tiller (NLT), leaf/stem ratio (LSR), crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF), at three cuts performed every 60 days for 180 days. It was observed beneficial influence on the evaluated traits, which indicated how cleaning methods work. Cultivar “Mineiro”, with more than 20 years of use, was more sensitive to the cleaning methods showing than cultivars “Taiwan A-147” (15 years of use) and “Pioneiro” (less than 10 years). It was observed that methods have affected the NT, TH, SDM, LSR, LDM, CP, and NDF. And, that the cultivars genotype effect in a different way the NT, TH, NLT, SDM, LSR, and CP. Overall, Cleaning methods produced an increase in the evaluated parameters over 100% for the cultivars Mineiro and Taiwan when compared with the traditional method and presented low or negative effect for Pioneiro cultivar This evidenced that the traditional propagation method affects forage production and quality over generations in vegetative propagated species. Basic biotechnology techniques such as meristem culture associated or not with thermotherapy can restore the productive potential being recommended for old asexually propagated cultivars with more than fifteen years of cultivation.
{"title":"Effects of thermotherapy and meristem culture on forage production and nutrition value in elephant grass cultivars","authors":"M. G. Karasawa, Valdir Tavares Botega, J. Pinto, Francisco José Silva Lédo, A. V. Pereira, J. C. Pinto","doi":"10.33158/asb.r176.v9.2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33158/asb.r176.v9.2023","url":null,"abstract":"Elephant grass plays important role in dairy cattle production and has received special attention due to its potential in bioenergy and phytoremediation, as well as to its medicinal properties. The aim was investigating the effects of thermotherapy and meristem culture on elephant grass (Cenchrus purpureus (Schumach.) Morrone) forage production and nutritional value. Cultivars “Mineiro”, “Taiwan A-147” and “Pioneiro” were subjected to the methods: thermotherapy plus meristem culture, meristem culture and mature stems (control). The experiment assessed the tiller number (TN), tiller height (TH), number of leaves/tiller (NLT), leaf/stem ratio (LSR), crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF), at three cuts performed every 60 days for 180 days. It was observed beneficial influence on the evaluated traits, which indicated how cleaning methods work. Cultivar “Mineiro”, with more than 20 years of use, was more sensitive to the cleaning methods showing than cultivars “Taiwan A-147” (15 years of use) and “Pioneiro” (less than 10 years). It was observed that methods have affected the NT, TH, SDM, LSR, LDM, CP, and NDF. And, that the cultivars genotype effect in a different way the NT, TH, NLT, SDM, LSR, and CP. Overall, Cleaning methods produced an increase in the evaluated parameters over 100% for the cultivars Mineiro and Taiwan when compared with the traditional method and presented low or negative effect for Pioneiro cultivar This evidenced that the traditional propagation method affects forage production and quality over generations in vegetative propagated species. Basic biotechnology techniques such as meristem culture associated or not with thermotherapy can restore the productive potential being recommended for old asexually propagated cultivars with more than fifteen years of cultivation.","PeriodicalId":297313,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Science and Biotechnology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128353742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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