Pub Date : 2019-04-23DOI: 10.22610/JSDS.V10I1(S).2807
Andrew Enaifoghe
This article explores the present crisis of democratic governance or administration in Africa and examines the elective capability of deliberative majority rules system of democracy, in which the desire of the general public is educated by mindful, engaged citizen’s commitment and conversation. There are various questions needing answers; are the various and spellbound citizenry even equipped for consultation? How likely is amass thought of deliberation to achieve a very much contemplated choice? Wouldn’t it gather consultation reproduce a similar power lopsided characteristics blocking different sorts of talk? Deliberative models are displayed in principle and practical discourse, with contextual investigations including the furious populism of the Brexit vote, the ascent of deliberative components. What the contributing creators do share is the acknowledgement that the authenticity of appointive portrayal or representatives endures when individuals in the majority rule system of governments end up frustrated, disillusioned, and repelled. This study gives challenging and convincing thoughts regarding how to re-establish confidence in popular democratic governments by making them stronger and responsive. This study adopted a qualitative method of analysis.
{"title":"Deliberative Politics through Citizens’ Participatory Democracy: A model for Africa Political Processes","authors":"Andrew Enaifoghe","doi":"10.22610/JSDS.V10I1(S).2807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22610/JSDS.V10I1(S).2807","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the present crisis of democratic governance or administration in Africa and examines the elective capability of deliberative majority rules system of democracy, in which the desire of the general public is educated by mindful, engaged citizen’s commitment and conversation. There are various questions needing answers; are the various and spellbound citizenry even equipped for consultation? How likely is amass thought of deliberation to achieve a very much contemplated choice? Wouldn’t it gather consultation reproduce a similar power lopsided characteristics blocking different sorts of talk? Deliberative models are displayed in principle and practical discourse, with contextual investigations including the furious populism of the Brexit vote, the ascent of deliberative components. What the contributing creators do share is the acknowledgement that the authenticity of appointive portrayal or representatives endures when individuals in the majority rule system of governments end up frustrated, disillusioned, and repelled. This study gives challenging and convincing thoughts regarding how to re-establish confidence in popular democratic governments by making them stronger and responsive. This study adopted a qualitative method of analysis.","PeriodicalId":297443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social and Development Sciences","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128185905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-23DOI: 10.22610/JSDS.V10I1(S).2806
Yusa Djuyandi, Arief Hidayat, Jumroh
The Presence of online transportation brings a new problem in Indonesia transportation market competition, many conventional transportation drivers, such as taxis, buses, motorcycle taxis, city transportation (Angkot) that reject the presence of online-based transportation. For conventional transportation drivers, the existence of online transportation has reduced their income because people prefer to use online transportation rather than conventional transportation. As the power holder, the government certainly has the right and authority to regulate and create policy harmonization for public transportation. This study uses qualitative method where primary data is obtained from 8 months observations, from November 2017 to June 2018. Secondary data are obtained from transportation ministerial regulations, regional regulations issued by the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government, and various discourses that developed in the media mass. Various data obtained are then sorted or filtered and crosschecked against other data. Based on our findings, the government has not been arranged adequate political space, especially for conventional transportation and online transportation in Jakarta. The slow pace of the central government to revise regulations regarding online transportation has triggered serious conflicts in the community. Digital revolution in the dimensions of online transportation in the public interest is what should be an integral part of previous government policies, and that never happened.
{"title":"Political Space Competition between Online and Conventional Transportation in Jakarta, Indonesia","authors":"Yusa Djuyandi, Arief Hidayat, Jumroh","doi":"10.22610/JSDS.V10I1(S).2806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22610/JSDS.V10I1(S).2806","url":null,"abstract":"The Presence of online transportation brings a new problem in Indonesia transportation market competition, many conventional transportation drivers, such as taxis, buses, motorcycle taxis, city transportation (Angkot) that reject the presence of online-based transportation. For conventional transportation drivers, the existence of online transportation has reduced their income because people prefer to use online transportation rather than conventional transportation. As the power holder, the government certainly has the right and authority to regulate and create policy harmonization for public transportation. This study uses qualitative method where primary data is obtained from 8 months observations, from November 2017 to June 2018. Secondary data are obtained from transportation ministerial regulations, regional regulations issued by the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government, and various discourses that developed in the media mass. Various data obtained are then sorted or filtered and crosschecked against other data. Based on our findings, the government has not been arranged adequate political space, especially for conventional transportation and online transportation in Jakarta. The slow pace of the central government to revise regulations regarding online transportation has triggered serious conflicts in the community. Digital revolution in the dimensions of online transportation in the public interest is what should be an integral part of previous government policies, and that never happened.","PeriodicalId":297443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social and Development Sciences","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126732530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-27DOI: 10.22610/jsds.v9i4(s).2689
Makmun Syadullah, Akhmad Yasin
This paper aims to examine the impact the gross domestic product of the exporting country and the importing country, total tax rate to a commercial profit of exporting country, and importing. As for as, the object of research is the flow of FDI from four countries, namely the Netherlands, Malaysia, Singapore, and Japan to Indonesia. While the methodology used a gravity model specification to model bilateral FDI outflows. Our study finds most real GDP for both the exporting and importing country have consistently positive signs as expected, although generally, only the coefficient of the GDP of the importing country is significant. The coefficient percentage of the total tax rate to commercial profit, both in the exporting country and importing country, also in line with the theory, although both are insignificant.
{"title":"The Dominant Factors Influencing the Flow of Foreign Direct Investment to Indonesia","authors":"Makmun Syadullah, Akhmad Yasin","doi":"10.22610/jsds.v9i4(s).2689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22610/jsds.v9i4(s).2689","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to examine the impact the gross domestic product of the exporting country and the importing country, total tax rate to a commercial profit of exporting country, and importing. As for as, the object of research is the flow of FDI from four countries, namely the Netherlands, Malaysia, Singapore, and Japan to Indonesia. While the methodology used a gravity model specification to model bilateral FDI outflows. Our study finds most real GDP for both the exporting and importing country have consistently positive signs as expected, although generally, only the coefficient of the GDP of the importing country is significant. The coefficient percentage of the total tax rate to commercial profit, both in the exporting country and importing country, also in line with the theory, although both are insignificant.","PeriodicalId":297443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social and Development Sciences","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133669583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-27DOI: 10.22610/jsds.v9i4(s).2690
Adnan Ali Hassan Alhosani, R. Yusoff, Fadillah Ismail, F. Rehman
Employees are the key asset of every organization and their performance can influence the goals and objectives of organizations in a positive or negative way. The aim of this study is to develop a theoretical framework in relations to examine the effects of employee’s satisfaction and participation, delegation authority and empowerment on employee’s performance in UAE organizations. Specifically, to get an in-depth understanding of the linkage between delegation authority and employees performance with emphasize on (employee participation and employee satisfaction). This study is only limited to Dubai organizations and future research may be conducted in other countries as well as can assess the moderating role in the defined variables. By integrating employee’s satisfaction and participation, delegation authority and empowerment, and employee’s performance literature, the main contribution of this paper is the analysis of defined variables in Dubai organizations with emphasize on new challenges and to boost up the gap of relevant literature.
{"title":"Factors Affecting Delegation Authority toward Employees Performance","authors":"Adnan Ali Hassan Alhosani, R. Yusoff, Fadillah Ismail, F. Rehman","doi":"10.22610/jsds.v9i4(s).2690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22610/jsds.v9i4(s).2690","url":null,"abstract":"Employees are the key asset of every organization and their performance can influence the goals and objectives of organizations in a positive or negative way. The aim of this study is to develop a theoretical framework in relations to examine the effects of employee’s satisfaction and participation, delegation authority and empowerment on employee’s performance in UAE organizations. Specifically, to get an in-depth understanding of the linkage between delegation authority and employees performance with emphasize on (employee participation and employee satisfaction). This study is only limited to Dubai organizations and future research may be conducted in other countries as well as can assess the moderating role in the defined variables. By integrating employee’s satisfaction and participation, delegation authority and empowerment, and employee’s performance literature, the main contribution of this paper is the analysis of defined variables in Dubai organizations with emphasize on new challenges and to boost up the gap of relevant literature.","PeriodicalId":297443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social and Development Sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130365666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-27DOI: 10.22610/jsds.v9i4(s).2691
O. D. Awolusi
Studies have been conducted on the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) destinations. However, there seem to be few studies on determinants in African countries. This paper evaluates the determinants of FDI inflows, by examining specific relationships between the determinants (policy and non-policy factors) and FDI inflows to Africa, using a panel dataset from 1980 to 2016. Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) were used as the estimation techniques. The dependent variable, FDI inflows, was represented by the ratio of FDI flows to GDP, while the independent variables were agglomeration effects, trade openness, fiscal balance-macroeconomic condition, market size, economic instability, exchange rate, foreign aid, human capital development, corporate tax, and natural resource endowment. First-year lag of FDI (agglomeration effects), trade openness, market size, economic instability, foreign aid, human capital development, and natural resources (oil and metals) endowment have positive and significant effects on FDI inflows to Africa, while there is a negative relationship between FDI inflows to the continent and fiscal balance (public debt), exchange rate, and corporate tax. Consequently, government policies and non-policy factors played significant roles in facilitating FDI inflow into Africa during the study period. The p-value of the estimation (0.0001) further attests to the statistical significance of the results. Consequently, African countries must improve their regulatory framework to be able to attract more inflow of FDI. Efforts should also be made to reform and improve macroeconomic policies, institutional quality, and natural comparative advantages.
{"title":"Policy and Non-Policy Factors: What Determines Foreign Direct Investments in Africa?","authors":"O. D. Awolusi","doi":"10.22610/jsds.v9i4(s).2691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22610/jsds.v9i4(s).2691","url":null,"abstract":"Studies have been conducted on the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) destinations. However, there seem to be few studies on determinants in African countries. This paper evaluates the determinants of FDI inflows, by examining specific relationships between the determinants (policy and non-policy factors) and FDI inflows to Africa, using a panel dataset from 1980 to 2016. Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) were used as the estimation techniques. The dependent variable, FDI inflows, was represented by the ratio of FDI flows to GDP, while the independent variables were agglomeration effects, trade openness, fiscal balance-macroeconomic condition, market size, economic instability, exchange rate, foreign aid, human capital development, corporate tax, and natural resource endowment. First-year lag of FDI (agglomeration effects), trade openness, market size, economic instability, foreign aid, human capital development, and natural resources (oil and metals) endowment have positive and significant effects on FDI inflows to Africa, while there is a negative relationship between FDI inflows to the continent and fiscal balance (public debt), exchange rate, and corporate tax. Consequently, government policies and non-policy factors played significant roles in facilitating FDI inflow into Africa during the study period. The p-value of the estimation (0.0001) further attests to the statistical significance of the results. Consequently, African countries must improve their regulatory framework to be able to attract more inflow of FDI. Efforts should also be made to reform and improve macroeconomic policies, institutional quality, and natural comparative advantages.","PeriodicalId":297443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social and Development Sciences","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130997275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-27DOI: 10.22610/jsds.v9i4(s).2687
Andrew Enaifoghe
This study explored the role of gender plays and the participation impacts of women on African politics, the religion and socio-cultural factors responsible for the underrepresentation of women through socialization in Africa. Obviously, past research has demonstrated that fundamentalist religious beliefs and affiliations are related to preservationist gender demeanours or attitude. This idea not only impacts gender gaps in political participation in cross-national examinations by belligerence that women's portrayal ought to be measured in an unexpected way or differently. Utilizing Fundamentalism and Modernization Theories, this paper shows that long haul impacts of women's representation are more indispensable than short-term measures in understanding gender gap in a mixture of political exercises. The timeframe since women have accessed the political framework discloses the gender gap to a more noteworthy degree than the presence of women in the governing body and cabinet at one point in time. Findings demonstrate that the suppositions of earlier work on women representation and political conduct or attitude may stretch out beyond Africa it also finds that gender grouping has in many ways impacted the low participation of women in African political system through socialization. At last, this study shows that the kind of political exercises matter and the implementation of policies that encourage give women level play ground to participate in politics while breaking down the impact of gender socialization as of the factors for women's representation in legislative issues crosswise over Africa. A qualitative approach was used in this study alongside with empirical investigation.
{"title":"Exploring Gender Socialization on African Political System and Women's Participation","authors":"Andrew Enaifoghe","doi":"10.22610/jsds.v9i4(s).2687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22610/jsds.v9i4(s).2687","url":null,"abstract":"This study explored the role of gender plays and the participation impacts of women on African politics, the religion and socio-cultural factors responsible for the underrepresentation of women through socialization in Africa. Obviously, past research has demonstrated that fundamentalist religious beliefs and affiliations are related to preservationist gender demeanours or attitude. This idea not only impacts gender gaps in political participation in cross-national examinations by belligerence that women's portrayal ought to be measured in an unexpected way or differently. Utilizing Fundamentalism and Modernization Theories, this paper shows that long haul impacts of women's representation are more indispensable than short-term measures in understanding gender gap in a mixture of political exercises. The timeframe since women have accessed the political framework discloses the gender gap to a more noteworthy degree than the presence of women in the governing body and cabinet at one point in time. Findings demonstrate that the suppositions of earlier work on women representation and political conduct or attitude may stretch out beyond Africa it also finds that gender grouping has in many ways impacted the low participation of women in African political system through socialization. At last, this study shows that the kind of political exercises matter and the implementation of policies that encourage give women level play ground to participate in politics while breaking down the impact of gender socialization as of the factors for women's representation in legislative issues crosswise over Africa. A qualitative approach was used in this study alongside with empirical investigation.","PeriodicalId":297443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social and Development Sciences","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133316831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-27DOI: 10.22610/jsds.v9i4(s).2686
M. Tavakol, L. Mai, M. Mansouri
The focus of this study is on the prevalence of mental disorders among the people aged between 18-64 years who are living in Saigon (HCMC), and an analysis of the sociological factors that affect the spread of these disorders. The theoretical framework of this research is a synthesis of the sociological theory of Anomie of Durkheim and the Strain theory of Merton. To determine the prevalence of mental disorders, the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) is used, and to determine their effective sociological parameters we prepared a second Questionnaire, the sociological one, comprising questions derived from Durkheim and Merton's theories. The sample size was 384, using Cochran formula, and sampling was a multi-stage cluster sampling. The results from the analyses of the data showed that the overall prevalence of mental disorder in Saigon is 10.2%: in men 5.5% and in women 12.8%. Moreover, the components of immigration, job status, social status, structural and social pressures, family problems, and social capital, were shown to contribute to the risk of mental health and the occurrence of mental disorders. The sociological factors which were not confirmed were religion and ethnicity.
{"title":"Sociological Study of Mental Disorders in HCMC (Vietnam)","authors":"M. Tavakol, L. Mai, M. Mansouri","doi":"10.22610/jsds.v9i4(s).2686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22610/jsds.v9i4(s).2686","url":null,"abstract":"The focus of this study is on the prevalence of mental disorders among the people aged between 18-64 years who are living in Saigon (HCMC), and an analysis of the sociological factors that affect the spread of these disorders. The theoretical framework of this research is a synthesis of the sociological theory of Anomie of Durkheim and the Strain theory of Merton. To determine the prevalence of mental disorders, the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) is used, and to determine their effective sociological parameters we prepared a second Questionnaire, the sociological one, comprising questions derived from Durkheim and Merton's theories. The sample size was 384, using Cochran formula, and sampling was a multi-stage cluster sampling. The results from the analyses of the data showed that the overall prevalence of mental disorder in Saigon is 10.2%: in men 5.5% and in women 12.8%. Moreover, the components of immigration, job status, social status, structural and social pressures, family problems, and social capital, were shown to contribute to the risk of mental health and the occurrence of mental disorders. The sociological factors which were not confirmed were religion and ethnicity.","PeriodicalId":297443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social and Development Sciences","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126167790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-27DOI: 10.22610/jsds.v9i4(s).2688
Dick Ranga
The study assessed return migration by heads of households that migrated during the prolonged crisis, 2000-16. It collected data among 166 households from four districts in South Eastern Zimbabwe. Most of the male household heads had previously migrated, half of them to South Africa. Non-migrant heads were mainly females who remained behind when their husbands migrated to South Africa or urban areas. Both heads who returned from migrating to South Africa and locally to urban areas came back during 2011-15 with the desire to reunite with families. This period was associated with severe retrenchments by Zimbabwean companies that attempted to survive the shrinking economy. Yet it was also an attractive period to return home for international migrants because of the stability brought by the adoption of multiple currencies. Xenophobic attacks in South Africa in 2015 also ‘pushed’ some of the heads into returning home. International return migrants were significantly younger and had lower levels of education than internal and non-migrants. Three-tenths of them returned into households having traditional huts as their main houses which suggested that migration was unsuccessful for them. There is a need for restoration of stability soon after a crisis since this helps attract back human capital.
{"title":"Determinants of the Return Migration of Household Heads from South Eastern Zimbabwe to South Africa During Prolonged Crisis, 2000-16","authors":"Dick Ranga","doi":"10.22610/jsds.v9i4(s).2688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22610/jsds.v9i4(s).2688","url":null,"abstract":"The study assessed return migration by heads of households that migrated during the prolonged crisis, 2000-16. It collected data among 166 households from four districts in South Eastern Zimbabwe. Most of the male household heads had previously migrated, half of them to South Africa. Non-migrant heads were mainly females who remained behind when their husbands migrated to South Africa or urban areas. Both heads who returned from migrating to South Africa and locally to urban areas came back during 2011-15 with the desire to reunite with families. This period was associated with severe retrenchments by Zimbabwean companies that attempted to survive the shrinking economy. Yet it was also an attractive period to return home for international migrants because of the stability brought by the adoption of multiple currencies. Xenophobic attacks in South Africa in 2015 also ‘pushed’ some of the heads into returning home. International return migrants were significantly younger and had lower levels of education than internal and non-migrants. Three-tenths of them returned into households having traditional huts as their main houses which suggested that migration was unsuccessful for them. There is a need for restoration of stability soon after a crisis since this helps attract back human capital.","PeriodicalId":297443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social and Development Sciences","volume":"409 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116527347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examined the relations and access to communication channels on the use of Family Planning (FP). Relationships between independent variables including access to communication channels and the use of FP services, and demographic characteristics were examined. This study used cross-sectional data from the Tanzania Demographic Health Survey and Malaria Indicator Survey (TDHS-MIS) of 2015-2016 from 11,127 women aged between 15-49 years. The sample was weighted to ensure representativeness. Univariate, bivariate and binary logistic regression analyses were used. Results in this study revealed a statically significant correlation between access to FP messages and use of family planning services (p<.001). Access to radio, television, printed media, and mobile phones was observed more among women who were never in a union, those with tertiary education, women in urban areas and among those within a high wealth index. Use of FP services increased with the fluency of access to FP messages. Printed media predicted more likelihood in the use of FP at 0.460, p<0.001; radio at 0.368, p<0.001; health facilities at 0.284, p<0.001 and education level at 0.276, p<0.001. The study concludes that despite the fact that there was a correlation between access to FP messages and the use of FP, the use or not use of the same is also influenced by factors.
{"title":"Access to Communication Channels and Use of Family Planning among Women in Tanzania: Spatial and Socio-demographic Analysis","authors":"Zuena Kilugwe, S. Ruheza","doi":"10.22610/jsds.v9i3.2477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22610/jsds.v9i3.2477","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the relations and access to communication channels on the use of Family Planning (FP). Relationships between independent variables including access to communication channels and the use of FP services, and demographic characteristics were examined. This study used cross-sectional data from the Tanzania Demographic Health Survey and Malaria Indicator Survey (TDHS-MIS) of 2015-2016 from 11,127 women aged between 15-49 years. The sample was weighted to ensure representativeness. Univariate, bivariate and binary logistic regression analyses were used. Results in this study revealed a statically significant correlation between access to FP messages and use of family planning services (p<.001). Access to radio, television, printed media, and mobile phones was observed more among women who were never in a union, those with tertiary education, women in urban areas and among those within a high wealth index. Use of FP services increased with the fluency of access to FP messages. Printed media predicted more likelihood in the use of FP at 0.460, p<0.001; radio at 0.368, p<0.001; health facilities at 0.284, p<0.001 and education level at 0.276, p<0.001. The study concludes that despite the fact that there was a correlation between access to FP messages and the use of FP, the use or not use of the same is also influenced by factors. ","PeriodicalId":297443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social and Development Sciences","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123228705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
On one hand, anthropogenic climate change is real and affecting the world economy in general and Africa in particular. On the other hand, the policy of climate change adaptation as the solution to the problem of climate change is seriously unsuccessful in Africa. Even though climate change is affecting the whole world, Africa is the most vulnerable continent that is economically affected. This is due to a variety of interconnected consequences of climate change such as droughts, floods, desertification, diseases and poor agricultural system including other unknown factors. This article focuses on challenges facing the implementation of climate change adaptation policy in Africa. The implementation of the policy of mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions will not be discussed. The aim of the article is to investigate the underlying implications of climate change adaptation policy that hamper smooth growth and development of the African economy. To achieve this aim, the theoretical research method will be utilized. This article concludes that Africa cannot afford to adapt to climate change because of its extreme poverty and will remain economically poor and suffer the consequences of climate change if industrialized countries are reluctant to compensate it. Therefore, the article argues that industrialized countries have a moral duty to compensate Africa for the harm they have caused through industrialization. The compensation will boost the African economy that is necessary for climate change adaptation.
{"title":"Climate Change: Towards Compensating Africa for Economic Growth and Development by Industrialized Countries","authors":"M. Mahlatsi","doi":"10.22610/jsds.v9i3.2474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22610/jsds.v9i3.2474","url":null,"abstract":"On one hand, anthropogenic climate change is real and affecting the world economy in general and Africa in particular. On the other hand, the policy of climate change adaptation as the solution to the problem of climate change is seriously unsuccessful in Africa. Even though climate change is affecting the whole world, Africa is the most vulnerable continent that is economically affected. This is due to a variety of interconnected consequences of climate change such as droughts, floods, desertification, diseases and poor agricultural system including other unknown factors. This article focuses on challenges facing the implementation of climate change adaptation policy in Africa. The implementation of the policy of mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions will not be discussed. The aim of the article is to investigate the underlying implications of climate change adaptation policy that hamper smooth growth and development of the African economy. To achieve this aim, the theoretical research method will be utilized. This article concludes that Africa cannot afford to adapt to climate change because of its extreme poverty and will remain economically poor and suffer the consequences of climate change if industrialized countries are reluctant to compensate it. Therefore, the article argues that industrialized countries have a moral duty to compensate Africa for the harm they have caused through industrialization. The compensation will boost the African economy that is necessary for climate change adaptation. ","PeriodicalId":297443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social and Development Sciences","volume":"2016 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133865017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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