{"title":"Incarceration in the Outback: Silverton Gaol and Prison Hospital (review)","authors":"K. Weston","doi":"10.1353/hah.2020.0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/hah.2020.0019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29747,"journal":{"name":"Health and History","volume":"22 1","pages":"150 - 154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48723100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Madness in the Family: Insanity and Institutions in the Australasian Colonial World, 1860-1914 by Catharine S. Coleborne (review)","authors":"A. Scull","doi":"10.1353/hah.2010.0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/hah.2010.0019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29747,"journal":{"name":"Health and History","volume":"12 1","pages":"130 - 133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48778213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5401/healthhist.19.1.0102
B. Short
Abstract:The critical observations made by the polymath Dr Edward Jenner MD FRS within the realms of medicine and natural science are legendary, yet his hypothesis expressed in 1786 as to the cause of angina pectoris is not so widely documented. Not found in the published literature of its time, Jenner's work on the subject only came to light following the examination of his correspondence with friend and mentor John Hunter, and the minutes of an obscure provincial medical society revitalised in 1896, the centenary of Jenner's discovery of vaccination. The first to grasp the role of the coronary arteries in heart disease, Edward Jenner deserves the belated recognition of his place among the list of renowned physicians to have made significant contributions to the latter eighteenth-century British enquiries into the causes of heart disease.
{"title":"Dr Edward Jenner (1749–1823): Eighteenth-Century Cardiology Pioneer","authors":"B. Short","doi":"10.5401/healthhist.19.1.0102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5401/healthhist.19.1.0102","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The critical observations made by the polymath Dr Edward Jenner MD FRS within the realms of medicine and natural science are legendary, yet his hypothesis expressed in 1786 as to the cause of angina pectoris is not so widely documented. Not found in the published literature of its time, Jenner's work on the subject only came to light following the examination of his correspondence with friend and mentor John Hunter, and the minutes of an obscure provincial medical society revitalised in 1896, the centenary of Jenner's discovery of vaccination. The first to grasp the role of the coronary arteries in heart disease, Edward Jenner deserves the belated recognition of his place among the list of renowned physicians to have made significant contributions to the latter eighteenth-century British enquiries into the causes of heart disease.","PeriodicalId":29747,"journal":{"name":"Health and History","volume":"19 1","pages":"102 - 117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46175374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5401/healthhist.23.1.0038
B. Draper
Abstract:Ageing of nineteenth-century Australia resulted in increasing asylum admissions of older people with dementia. Dementia prevalence in the colonial population is estimated to have increased from eight hundred in 1861 to nine thousand in 1901. Dementia diagnosis had broader usage in the lunatic asylums than in current practice. Examination of medical casebooks from three asylums found 50–60% concordance with current dementia diagnoses. Lunatic asylums were reluctant to admit people with dementia but lack of alternatives for those with challenging behaviour, inability to self-care, and with limited or no family support meant admissions increased. Dementia care in benevolent asylums focused on those who were cooperative. Quality of dementia care was poor with badly designed built environments, few trained staff, and high use of restraints.
{"title":"Dementia in Nineteenth-Century Australia","authors":"B. Draper","doi":"10.5401/healthhist.23.1.0038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5401/healthhist.23.1.0038","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Ageing of nineteenth-century Australia resulted in increasing asylum admissions of older people with dementia. Dementia prevalence in the colonial population is estimated to have increased from eight hundred in 1861 to nine thousand in 1901. Dementia diagnosis had broader usage in the lunatic asylums than in current practice. Examination of medical casebooks from three asylums found 50–60% concordance with current dementia diagnoses. Lunatic asylums were reluctant to admit people with dementia but lack of alternatives for those with challenging behaviour, inability to self-care, and with limited or no family support meant admissions increased. Dementia care in benevolent asylums focused on those who were cooperative. Quality of dementia care was poor with badly designed built environments, few trained staff, and high use of restraints.","PeriodicalId":29747,"journal":{"name":"Health and History","volume":"23 1","pages":"38 - 60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46743145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5401/HEALTHHIST.22.2.0001
Tiffany Jenks, Angela Wanhalla
Abstract:There are few extant studies in New Zealand that have investigated the lives of Second World War veterans who lived with war neurosis, and even less attention has been paid to how their families shared in this experience. Using the welfare claims files of the Dunedin Branch of the New Zealand Returned Services' Association (NZRSA) this article demonstrates the physical strain caused by care work, but also the emotional toll placed upon families due to financial hardship because of veteran unemployment, or from placement into treatment. Reflecting the fact that psychological illnesses are lifelong, the welfare claim files bring to light the lengthy and continuing support the NZRSA provided servicemen, and the essential role the association played in assisting these men and their families to navigate the government rehabilitation system.
{"title":"Psychological Casualties: War Neurosis, Rehabilitation, and the Family in Post–World War II New Zealand","authors":"Tiffany Jenks, Angela Wanhalla","doi":"10.5401/HEALTHHIST.22.2.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5401/HEALTHHIST.22.2.0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:There are few extant studies in New Zealand that have investigated the lives of Second World War veterans who lived with war neurosis, and even less attention has been paid to how their families shared in this experience. Using the welfare claims files of the Dunedin Branch of the New Zealand Returned Services' Association (NZRSA) this article demonstrates the physical strain caused by care work, but also the emotional toll placed upon families due to financial hardship because of veteran unemployment, or from placement into treatment. Reflecting the fact that psychological illnesses are lifelong, the welfare claim files bring to light the lengthy and continuing support the NZRSA provided servicemen, and the essential role the association played in assisting these men and their families to navigate the government rehabilitation system.","PeriodicalId":29747,"journal":{"name":"Health and History","volume":"22 1","pages":"1 - 25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46749742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The history of Indigenous health connects inextricably with matters of geography and colonisation. 'Indigenous' usually connotes a place, often figured as marginal or isolated or developmental - as somewhere else.1 More pertinently, Indigenous status implies - or rather, is predicated upon - a history of colonisation and dispossession, with consequent resistance and adaptation to invaders and settlers. The term marks the contrast between original inhabitants and colonisers. The effort to identify some special Indigenous essence or type ultimately is futile since the status emerges out of political subordination under settler colonialism.2 The history of Indigenous health thus demands sensitivity to the impact of both colonialism and the incipient white nation-state. Moreover, it requires a critical awareness of the dark sides of contact, 'civilisation,' and 'development,' as well as an appreciation of the multiple implications of the related processes of assimilation, integration, and self-determination.3 Since first contact with European invaders, Indigenous people on the whole have been sicker and died younger than non-Indigenous inhabitants of the same colony or state.4 These health disparities have lessened significantly in North America and New Zealand, but remain severe across Australia.5 During the late-twentieth century, some historians attempted to explain the initial colonial impact on Indigenous societies in biological terms. Thus infectious diseases swelled the 'ranks of death,' as Indigenous people suffered 'virgin-soil' epidemics, the natural result of 'ecological imperialism.'6 As most of these historians later conceded, such biological analysis tended to discount the unnatural effects of warfare, dispossession, and demoralisation on health and social organisation.7 Biological explanations of contemporary health disparities are largely out of fashion - the
{"title":"The Colonial Medicine of Settler States: Comparing Histories of Indigenous Health","authors":"W. Anderson","doi":"10.2307/40111579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/40111579","url":null,"abstract":"The history of Indigenous health connects inextricably with matters of geography and colonisation. 'Indigenous' usually connotes a place, often figured as marginal or isolated or developmental - as somewhere else.1 More pertinently, Indigenous status implies - or rather, is predicated upon - a history of colonisation and dispossession, with consequent resistance and adaptation to invaders and settlers. The term marks the contrast between original inhabitants and colonisers. The effort to identify some special Indigenous essence or type ultimately is futile since the status emerges out of political subordination under settler colonialism.2 The history of Indigenous health thus demands sensitivity to the impact of both colonialism and the incipient white nation-state. Moreover, it requires a critical awareness of the dark sides of contact, 'civilisation,' and 'development,' as well as an appreciation of the multiple implications of the related processes of assimilation, integration, and self-determination.3 Since first contact with European invaders, Indigenous people on the whole have been sicker and died younger than non-Indigenous inhabitants of the same colony or state.4 These health disparities have lessened significantly in North America and New Zealand, but remain severe across Australia.5 During the late-twentieth century, some historians attempted to explain the initial colonial impact on Indigenous societies in biological terms. Thus infectious diseases swelled the 'ranks of death,' as Indigenous people suffered 'virgin-soil' epidemics, the natural result of 'ecological imperialism.'6 As most of these historians later conceded, such biological analysis tended to discount the unnatural effects of warfare, dispossession, and demoralisation on health and social organisation.7 Biological explanations of contemporary health disparities are largely out of fashion - the","PeriodicalId":29747,"journal":{"name":"Health and History","volume":"9 1","pages":"144 - 154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/40111579","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46909205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fit to Practise: Empire, Race, Gender, and the Making of British Medicine, 1850â1980 by Douglas M. Haynes (review)","authors":"Fallon Mody","doi":"10.1353/hah.2018.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/hah.2018.0006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29747,"journal":{"name":"Health and History","volume":"20 1","pages":"166 - 168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47883204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Troubled dynamics between residents of an Aboriginal town in Queensland and the local health system were established during colonisation and consolidated during those periods of Australian history where the policies of 'protection' (segregation), integration and then assimilation held sway. The status of Aboriginal health is, in part, related to interactions between the residents' current and historical experiences of the health and criminal justice systems as together these agencies used medical and moral policing to legitimate dispossession, marginalisation, institutionalisation and control of the residents. The punitive regulations and ethnocentric strategies used by these institutions are within the living memory of many of the residents or in the published accounts of preceding generations. This paper explores current residents' memories and experiences.
{"title":"Fear, Trust and Aborigines: The Historical Experience of State Institutions and Current Encounters in the Health System","authors":"Leonie Cox","doi":"10.2307/40111576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/40111576","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Troubled dynamics between residents of an Aboriginal town in Queensland and the local health system were established during colonisation and consolidated during those periods of Australian history where the policies of 'protection' (segregation), integration and then assimilation held sway. The status of Aboriginal health is, in part, related to interactions between the residents' current and historical experiences of the health and criminal justice systems as together these agencies used medical and moral policing to legitimate dispossession, marginalisation, institutionalisation and control of the residents. The punitive regulations and ethnocentric strategies used by these institutions are within the living memory of many of the residents or in the published accounts of preceding generations. This paper explores current residents' memories and experiences.","PeriodicalId":29747,"journal":{"name":"Health and History","volume":"9 1","pages":"70 - 92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2307/40111576","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47211587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Becoming Yellow: A Short History of Racial Thinking (Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2011). ISBN 978-0-691-14031-5 (PB). 219pp. (review)","authors":"P. Turnbull","doi":"10.1353/hah.2011.0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/hah.2011.0024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29747,"journal":{"name":"Health and History","volume":"13 1","pages":"178 - 179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47738307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.5401/HEALTHHIST.15.1.0011
A. Westmore, G. Moore
Abstract:Lithium therapy for manic excitement—as devised in the late 1940s by Australian psychiatrist, John Cade—has struggled to find a home in the modern history of psychiatry and psychopharmacology. This paper argues for a repositioning of lithium therapy to more closely align it with World War II, in that it provided Cade with a ‘master class in the practices and processes of experimental science on which he drew in his postwar research. By examining wartime factors involved in his development as a scientific psychiatrist, we explore the nature of the scientific enterprise and the intellectual shaping of a key participant in it.
{"title":"The 'Mad Major' and his Idiosyncratic War: Linking Military Medicine and Lithium Therapy for Mania","authors":"A. Westmore, G. Moore","doi":"10.5401/HEALTHHIST.15.1.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5401/HEALTHHIST.15.1.0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Lithium therapy for manic excitement—as devised in the late 1940s by Australian psychiatrist, John Cade—has struggled to find a home in the modern history of psychiatry and psychopharmacology. This paper argues for a repositioning of lithium therapy to more closely align it with World War II, in that it provided Cade with a ‘master class in the practices and processes of experimental science on which he drew in his postwar research. By examining wartime factors involved in his development as a scientific psychiatrist, we explore the nature of the scientific enterprise and the intellectual shaping of a key participant in it.","PeriodicalId":29747,"journal":{"name":"Health and History","volume":"15 1","pages":"11 - 37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5401/HEALTHHIST.15.1.0011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48149372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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