Pub Date : 2015-11-30DOI: 10.7236/IJASC.2015.4.2.170
P. Gantuya., B. Mungunshagai, B. Suvdaa
The stamp is one of the crucial information of traditional historical and cultural for nations. In this paper, we purpose to detect official stamps from scanned document and recognize the Mongolian traditional, historical stamps. Therefore we performed following steps: first, we detect official stamps from scanned document based on red-color segmentation and document standard. Then we collected 234 traditional stamp images with 6 classes and 100 official stamp images from scanned document images. Also we implemented the processing algorithms for noise removing, resize and reshape etc. Finally, we proposed a new scale invariant classification algorithm based on KNN (k-nearest neighbor). In the experimental result, our proposed a method had shown proper recognition rate.
{"title":"Mongolian Traditional Stamp Recognition using Scalable kNN","authors":"P. Gantuya., B. Mungunshagai, B. Suvdaa","doi":"10.7236/IJASC.2015.4.2.170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7236/IJASC.2015.4.2.170","url":null,"abstract":"The stamp is one of the crucial information of traditional historical and cultural for nations. In this paper, we purpose to detect official stamps from scanned document and recognize the Mongolian traditional, historical stamps. Therefore we performed following steps: first, we detect official stamps from scanned document based on red-color segmentation and document standard. Then we collected 234 traditional stamp images with 6 classes and 100 official stamp images from scanned document images. Also we implemented the processing algorithms for noise removing, resize and reshape etc. Finally, we proposed a new scale invariant classification algorithm based on KNN (k-nearest neighbor). In the experimental result, our proposed a method had shown proper recognition rate.","PeriodicalId":297506,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Advanced Smart Convergence","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125163588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-11-30DOI: 10.7236/IJASC.2015.4.2.177
Nhan Vo Than Ngo, Kyung Yong Park, J. G. Kim
In this paper we introduce Kernel Fisher Discriminant Analysis (KFDA) to transform our database of received signal strength (RSS) measurements into a smaller dimension space to maximize the difference between reference points (RP) as possible. By KFDA, we can efficiently utilize RSS data than other method so that we can achieve a better performance.
{"title":"Kernel Fisher Discriminant Analysis for Indoor Localization","authors":"Nhan Vo Than Ngo, Kyung Yong Park, J. G. Kim","doi":"10.7236/IJASC.2015.4.2.177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7236/IJASC.2015.4.2.177","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we introduce Kernel Fisher Discriminant Analysis (KFDA) to transform our database of received signal strength (RSS) measurements into a smaller dimension space to maximize the difference between reference points (RP) as possible. By KFDA, we can efficiently utilize RSS data than other method so that we can achieve a better performance.","PeriodicalId":297506,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Advanced Smart Convergence","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128177658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-11-30DOI: 10.7236/IJASC.2015.4.2.38
W. Chung, Namhi Kang
Peer-to-Peer(P2P) systems are generally classified into two categories; hybrid and pure P2P. Hybrid systems have a single central index server keeping the details of shared information, so that undesirable effects such as heavy load on that server and lack of fault-tolerance can be caused. Pure P2P causes the other problems such as message flooding and scalability although it shows high degree of fault-tolerance. Recently, mobile agent-based distributed computing has been receiving wide attention for its potential to support disconnected operations, high asynchrony, and thus saving network bandwidth. In this paper, a new scheme of peer coordination is proposed for a decentralized P2P network with self-organizing structure. We deployed mobile agents for incorporating the advantages of usage of mobile agents into our P2P network. Proposed P2P network has both advantages of hybrid and pure P2P. The problems of heavy load on the server and lack of fault-tolerance are improved by using multiple special peers called super-peers. And the problems of pure P2P can be reduced by using mobile agents.
{"title":"A Super-Peer Coordination Scheme for Decentralized Peer-to-Peer Networking Using Mobile Agents","authors":"W. Chung, Namhi Kang","doi":"10.7236/IJASC.2015.4.2.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7236/IJASC.2015.4.2.38","url":null,"abstract":"Peer-to-Peer(P2P) systems are generally classified into two categories; hybrid and pure P2P. Hybrid systems have a single central index server keeping the details of shared information, so that undesirable effects such as heavy load on that server and lack of fault-tolerance can be caused. Pure P2P causes the other problems such as message flooding and scalability although it shows high degree of fault-tolerance. Recently, mobile agent-based distributed computing has been receiving wide attention for its potential to support disconnected operations, high asynchrony, and thus saving network bandwidth. In this paper, a new scheme of peer coordination is proposed for a decentralized P2P network with self-organizing structure. We deployed mobile agents for incorporating the advantages of usage of mobile agents into our P2P network. Proposed P2P network has both advantages of hybrid and pure P2P. The problems of heavy load on the server and lack of fault-tolerance are improved by using multiple special peers called super-peers. And the problems of pure P2P can be reduced by using mobile agents.","PeriodicalId":297506,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Advanced Smart Convergence","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132616627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-11-30DOI: 10.7236/IJASC.2015.4.2.154
Jeong-Yean Yang
This paper focuses on how cognitive and emotional structures affect humans during long-term interaction. We design an interaction with a turn-based game, the Chopstick Game, in which two agents play with numbers using their fingers. While a human and a robot agent alternate turn, the human user applies herself to play the game and to learn new winning skills from the robot agent. Conventional valence and arousal space is applied to design emotional interaction. For the robotic system, we implement finger gesture recognition and emotional behaviors that are designed for three-dimensional virtual robot. In the experimental tests, the properness of the proposed schemes is verified and the effect of the emotional interaction is discussed.
{"title":"Cognitive and Emotional Structure of a Robotic Game Player in Turn-based Interaction","authors":"Jeong-Yean Yang","doi":"10.7236/IJASC.2015.4.2.154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7236/IJASC.2015.4.2.154","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on how cognitive and emotional structures affect humans during long-term interaction. We design an interaction with a turn-based game, the Chopstick Game, in which two agents play with numbers using their fingers. While a human and a robot agent alternate turn, the human user applies herself to play the game and to learn new winning skills from the robot agent. Conventional valence and arousal space is applied to design emotional interaction. For the robotic system, we implement finger gesture recognition and emotional behaviors that are designed for three-dimensional virtual robot. In the experimental tests, the properness of the proposed schemes is verified and the effect of the emotional interaction is discussed.","PeriodicalId":297506,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Advanced Smart Convergence","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120952857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-30DOI: 10.7236/IJASC.2015.4.1.71
Chulhee Cho, J. Choi, Jongpil Jeong
Mobile users want to be provided with undisrupted network services when they navigate on the Next-Generation (NG) wireless networks. For that, interlocking with a heterogeneous network is important, but there have been few studies on the method for guaranteeing global mobility. Thus, this paper proposes the Proxy-LMA technique, the mobile IP-based global inter-networking system, to enhance global mobility and interoperability within the Next-Generation (NG) network environment. The purpose of the proposed Proxy-LMA system is to expand the boundary of the mobility with regards to the existing mobility management protocol (PMIPv6 and MIPv6) in order to guarantee global mobility and interoperability within the heterogeneous network environment. The results of the performance evaluation showed that the proposed Proxy-LMA system was more efficient than other methods from the standpoint of signaling cost and delay in the heterogeneous network environment.
{"title":"Analytical Approach of Proxy-LMA Mobility System in Heterogeneous IP-based Mobile Networks","authors":"Chulhee Cho, J. Choi, Jongpil Jeong","doi":"10.7236/IJASC.2015.4.1.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7236/IJASC.2015.4.1.71","url":null,"abstract":"Mobile users want to be provided with undisrupted network services when they navigate on the Next-Generation (NG) wireless networks. For that, interlocking with a heterogeneous network is important, but there have been few studies on the method for guaranteeing global mobility. Thus, this paper proposes the Proxy-LMA technique, the mobile IP-based global inter-networking system, to enhance global mobility and interoperability within the Next-Generation (NG) network environment. The purpose of the proposed Proxy-LMA system is to expand the boundary of the mobility with regards to the existing mobility management protocol (PMIPv6 and MIPv6) in order to guarantee global mobility and interoperability within the heterogeneous network environment. The results of the performance evaluation showed that the proposed Proxy-LMA system was more efficient than other methods from the standpoint of signaling cost and delay in the heterogeneous network environment.","PeriodicalId":297506,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Advanced Smart Convergence","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129479942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-30DOI: 10.7236/IJASC.2015.4.1.99
Jeong-Lae Kim, K. Hwang
Quake wavelength technique was designed of the sway by the body. There was presented a concept of the dangle wavelength by twisting condition of posture. We compared to the twisting condition for an average variation and maximum variation with the movement. There was used a combination system and correlation system of the posture. Their correlation signal was presented a control data by the dynamic movement. The quake wavelength system was to be formation of activity aspects by posture. The correlation of wavelength technique was applied to the a little action of posture variation signal. Quake wavelength by the dynamic movement was determined to a variation of vision condition of the with units, that vestibular condition of the with units, that somatosensory condition of the with units, that CNS condition of the with units. As the study of the quake wavelength technique was depended on the action system of body movement that a maximum and averag values was used a movement of combination data. The system was required an action signal for the form of actual signal on the basis of a little movement condition in the body. The human action systemwas compared to maximum and average from the movement derived the body. Therefore, their system was controlled to evaluate posture condition for the body correlation.
{"title":"Study of quake wavelength of dynamic movement with posture","authors":"Jeong-Lae Kim, K. Hwang","doi":"10.7236/IJASC.2015.4.1.99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7236/IJASC.2015.4.1.99","url":null,"abstract":"Quake wavelength technique was designed of the sway by the body. There was presented a concept of the dangle wavelength by twisting condition of posture. We compared to the twisting condition for an average variation and maximum variation with the movement. There was used a combination system and correlation system of the posture. Their correlation signal was presented a control data by the dynamic movement. The quake wavelength system was to be formation of activity aspects by posture. The correlation of wavelength technique was applied to the a little action of posture variation signal. Quake wavelength by the dynamic movement was determined to a variation of vision condition of the with units, that vestibular condition of the with units, that somatosensory condition of the with units, that CNS condition of the with units. As the study of the quake wavelength technique was depended on the action system of body movement that a maximum and averag values was used a movement of combination data. The system was required an action signal for the form of actual signal on the basis of a little movement condition in the body. The human action systemwas compared to maximum and average from the movement derived the body. Therefore, their system was controlled to evaluate posture condition for the body correlation.","PeriodicalId":297506,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Advanced Smart Convergence","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132743300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-30DOI: 10.7236/IJASC.2015.4.1.1
Pulkit Batra
Automotive Theft has been an obstinate problem around the world. Design and manufacture of anti-theft systems have become more and more complex due to the rise in complexity of theft in the system. Most of the anti-theft systems available in the market, are the alarm types which audibly deter some thieves away but do not prevent one`s car from being stolen and even are not good enough to meet the growing complexity of theft in the country. This paper presents a simple and an efficient anti-theft system which provides improved security by the use of efficient access mechanisms and immobilization systems. This security system can immobilise an automobile and its key auto systems through remote control when it is stolen. It hence deters thieves from committing the theft. It also effectively prevents stealing of key auto systems for reselling by introducing four layers of security features written in the form of firmware and embedded on the Electronic Control Units (ECUs). The particulars of system design and operation are defined in the paper. The experimental outcomes show that this system is practicable and the owner can steadily control his vehicle within a few seconds.
{"title":"EE03 Development of an Automotive Anti-Theft System","authors":"Pulkit Batra","doi":"10.7236/IJASC.2015.4.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7236/IJASC.2015.4.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Automotive Theft has been an obstinate problem around the world. Design and manufacture of anti-theft systems have become more and more complex due to the rise in complexity of theft in the system. Most of the anti-theft systems available in the market, are the alarm types which audibly deter some thieves away but do not prevent one`s car from being stolen and even are not good enough to meet the growing complexity of theft in the country. This paper presents a simple and an efficient anti-theft system which provides improved security by the use of efficient access mechanisms and immobilization systems. This security system can immobilise an automobile and its key auto systems through remote control when it is stolen. It hence deters thieves from committing the theft. It also effectively prevents stealing of key auto systems for reselling by introducing four layers of security features written in the form of firmware and embedded on the Electronic Control Units (ECUs). The particulars of system design and operation are defined in the paper. The experimental outcomes show that this system is practicable and the owner can steadily control his vehicle within a few seconds.","PeriodicalId":297506,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Advanced Smart Convergence","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114382970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-30DOI: 10.7236/IJASC.2015.4.1.120
C. Prakorb, T. Anan, Luangsod Somchai, Voranawin Vorawit
This research is a comparison of the characteristics of the displacement isolines due to powder-die-wall friction that arise during the compaction of ceramic powders in conventional die. It has been done using the CosmosWorks software package of the SolidWorks simulation software. The results of comparative simulation with FEM showed that the comparison of the displacement isolines and distribution of deformation of the ceramic powders. In the case of conventional uniaxial dry compaction for long length cylindrical green compact, considerable bending of the layers in the form of a cone can be observed. It is symmetry along centerline of cylindrical green compact. The distributions of the deformation of the green compacts (diameter 14 mm, height 20 mm) as a result of conventional compaction under ultrasonic vibration with power 1 and 2 kW are reduced to 4% and 6.5% when compared with conventional compaction without ultrasonic vibration respectively. Thus, density distribution can be minimized by increasing the power of ultrasonic vibration.
{"title":"The Comparison of the Characteristics of Displacement Isolines in the Cylindrical Green Compact under Ultrasonic Vibration","authors":"C. Prakorb, T. Anan, Luangsod Somchai, Voranawin Vorawit","doi":"10.7236/IJASC.2015.4.1.120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7236/IJASC.2015.4.1.120","url":null,"abstract":"This research is a comparison of the characteristics of the displacement isolines due to powder-die-wall friction that arise during the compaction of ceramic powders in conventional die. It has been done using the CosmosWorks software package of the SolidWorks simulation software. The results of comparative simulation with FEM showed that the comparison of the displacement isolines and distribution of deformation of the ceramic powders. In the case of conventional uniaxial dry compaction for long length cylindrical green compact, considerable bending of the layers in the form of a cone can be observed. It is symmetry along centerline of cylindrical green compact. The distributions of the deformation of the green compacts (diameter 14 mm, height 20 mm) as a result of conventional compaction under ultrasonic vibration with power 1 and 2 kW are reduced to 4% and 6.5% when compared with conventional compaction without ultrasonic vibration respectively. Thus, density distribution can be minimized by increasing the power of ultrasonic vibration.","PeriodicalId":297506,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Advanced Smart Convergence","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114717148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-30DOI: 10.7236/IJASC.2015.4.1.40
Y. Jung, E. Choi, M. Kang, Jennifer J. Cady
Abstract Most people do not think seriously about the concept of time management, just to spend the precious time sheets. Regular life can sustain mental and physical health. That's why time management is an important factor in living. In the thesis, smart alarm patch is designed using a wireless communication NFC technology that gradually develop and attract attention. Due to the alarm, regular hours is helped to improve the quality of life. For this, analysis was performed using the UML in this system, linked to the smart alarm system patches and NFC technology, Java Script language, Adobe Muse CC was used embody web document and mobile content. Keywords: Alarm patch, time regular life, time management, NFC, UML . 1. Introduction Term of time is between time and time or its unit. We are alive in time. But many people do not recognize importance of every hour. Since time passes by and could not be returned, every moment must be spent by ones' best. But, most people do not think that the concept of time management is important. All human are equally given time. Despite the same time given, people live differently due to the usage of time efficiently. Efficient time usage along with regular time management is always necessary and important element to keep mental and physical health. 'The best lot of busy people have the best time. - Good Swiss theologian ', 'Short life becomes shorter by a waste of time. - S. Johnson of the British literary ', 'The work expands so as the time that it can be used. - The history of Parkinson's UK ' etc, as like many scholars make quotes of the importance of time, it should be considered carefully while living. Therefore, in this paper, With one of electronic tags alarm patch system operated with mobile contents by NFC ,which is spotlighted technology with non-contacted short-range wireless communication module, change of daily routine or repetition of new routine which did not exist or regular day of ones' can be occurred although living in a busy time. Also, Java Script is used for efficient operation of mobile content and UML for system analysis.
{"title":"NFC based Alarm Patching System for Regular Time Management","authors":"Y. Jung, E. Choi, M. Kang, Jennifer J. Cady","doi":"10.7236/IJASC.2015.4.1.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7236/IJASC.2015.4.1.40","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Most people do not think seriously about the concept of time management, just to spend the precious time sheets. Regular life can sustain mental and physical health. That's why time management is an important factor in living. In the thesis, smart alarm patch is designed using a wireless communication NFC technology that gradually develop and attract attention. Due to the alarm, regular hours is helped to improve the quality of life. For this, analysis was performed using the UML in this system, linked to the smart alarm system patches and NFC technology, Java Script language, Adobe Muse CC was used embody web document and mobile content. Keywords: Alarm patch, time regular life, time management, NFC, UML . 1. Introduction Term of time is between time and time or its unit. We are alive in time. But many people do not recognize importance of every hour. Since time passes by and could not be returned, every moment must be spent by ones' best. But, most people do not think that the concept of time management is important. All human are equally given time. Despite the same time given, people live differently due to the usage of time efficiently. Efficient time usage along with regular time management is always necessary and important element to keep mental and physical health. 'The best lot of busy people have the best time. - Good Swiss theologian ', 'Short life becomes shorter by a waste of time. - S. Johnson of the British literary ', 'The work expands so as the time that it can be used. - The history of Parkinson's UK ' etc, as like many scholars make quotes of the importance of time, it should be considered carefully while living. Therefore, in this paper, With one of electronic tags alarm patch system operated with mobile contents by NFC ,which is spotlighted technology with non-contacted short-range wireless communication module, change of daily routine or repetition of new routine which did not exist or regular day of ones' can be occurred although living in a busy time. Also, Java Script is used for efficient operation of mobile content and UML for system analysis.","PeriodicalId":297506,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Advanced Smart Convergence","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123901077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-30DOI: 10.7236/IJASC.2015.4.1.11
T. Budiati, N. Wahyono, M. Hefni
Abstract Fouling in heat exchanger becomes a major problem of dairy industry and it increases the production cost. These are lost productivity, additional energy, additional equipment, chemical, manpower, and environmental impact. Fouling also introduces the risk of food safety due to the improper heating temperature which allow the survival of pathogenic bacteria in milk, introducing biofilm formation of pathogenic bacteria in equipments and spreading the pathogenic bacteria to milk. The aim of this study is to determine the fouling rate during pasteurization process in heat exchanger of pasteurized milk produced by Village Cooperative Society (KUD) “X” in Malang, East Java Indonesia by using empirical modeling. The fouling rate is found as 0.3945 o C/h with the heating process time ranged from 0 to 2 hours and temperature difference (hot water inlet temperature and milk outlet temperature) ranged from 0.654 to 1.636 o C. The fouling rate depends on type and characteristics of heat exchangers, time and temperature of process, milk type, age of milk, seasonal variations, the presence of microorganism and more. This results will be used to plan Cleaning In Place (CIP) and to design the control system of pasteurization process in order to maintain the milk outlet temperature as standard of pasteurization.
{"title":"Empirical Modeling of Fouling Rate of Milk Pasteurization Process : A case study","authors":"T. Budiati, N. Wahyono, M. Hefni","doi":"10.7236/IJASC.2015.4.1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7236/IJASC.2015.4.1.11","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Fouling in heat exchanger becomes a major problem of dairy industry and it increases the production cost. These are lost productivity, additional energy, additional equipment, chemical, manpower, and environmental impact. Fouling also introduces the risk of food safety due to the improper heating temperature which allow the survival of pathogenic bacteria in milk, introducing biofilm formation of pathogenic bacteria in equipments and spreading the pathogenic bacteria to milk. The aim of this study is to determine the fouling rate during pasteurization process in heat exchanger of pasteurized milk produced by Village Cooperative Society (KUD) “X” in Malang, East Java Indonesia by using empirical modeling. The fouling rate is found as 0.3945 o C/h with the heating process time ranged from 0 to 2 hours and temperature difference (hot water inlet temperature and milk outlet temperature) ranged from 0.654 to 1.636 o C. The fouling rate depends on type and characteristics of heat exchangers, time and temperature of process, milk type, age of milk, seasonal variations, the presence of microorganism and more. This results will be used to plan Cleaning In Place (CIP) and to design the control system of pasteurization process in order to maintain the milk outlet temperature as standard of pasteurization.","PeriodicalId":297506,"journal":{"name":"The International Journal of Advanced Smart Convergence","volume":"285 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126920157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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