首页 > 最新文献

Behavioural Public Policy最新文献

英文 中文
The citizen choice architect in an ultra-processed world 超加工世界中的公民选择建筑师
IF 5.1 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1017/bpp.2023.9
R. Hertwig
Abstract Two concepts shaped and continue to shape the discussion on the limits of a liberal and democratic state. First, Mill's harm principle, according to which the fundamental justification for a state exercising power over individuals is to prevent harm being done to others. Second, the distinction between the public sphere, where liberal democracies can intervene, and the private sphere, where individuals are, in principle, free to do as they like. I argue that both concepts have to be revisited in the context of today's ‘ultra-processed’ world, in which sophisticated technologies and highly engineered products reach deep into the private sphere, exploiting human psychology and jeopardizing citizens’ health and welfare in the interest of maximizing profit. In this ultra-processed world, where the distinction between the public and the private spheres is blurred, systemic interventions such as regulation and taxation, often criticized as paternalistic, are necessary to minimize harm. However, they must be complemented by interventions informed by behavioural science that modify and guide individual behaviours. Beyond the soft paternalism of nudging, people can be empowered to self-nudge – a non-paternalistic approach that enables them to design and structure their own decision environments and choice architectures as they see fit.
两个概念塑造并继续塑造关于自由和民主国家极限的讨论。首先,米尔的伤害原则,根据该原则,国家对个人行使权力的根本理由是防止对他人造成伤害。第二,公共领域和私人领域之间的区别,在公共领域,自由民主国家可以进行干预,在私人领域,个人原则上可以随心所欲。我认为,必须在当今“超加工”世界的背景下重新审视这两个概念,在这个世界中,尖端技术和高度工程化的产品深入私人领域,利用人类心理,危害公民的健康和福利,以实现利润最大化。在这个极度加工的世界里,公共和私人领域之间的区别是模糊的,监管和税收等经常被批评为家长式的系统性干预措施对于最大限度地减少伤害是必要的。然而,它们必须辅之以行为科学的干预措施,以改变和指导个人行为。除了轻推的软家长式作风之外,人们还可以被赋予自我轻推的权力——这是一种非家长式的方法,使他们能够设计和构建自己的决策环境,并根据自己的意愿选择架构。
{"title":"The citizen choice architect in an ultra-processed world","authors":"R. Hertwig","doi":"10.1017/bpp.2023.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/bpp.2023.9","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Two concepts shaped and continue to shape the discussion on the limits of a liberal and democratic state. First, Mill's harm principle, according to which the fundamental justification for a state exercising power over individuals is to prevent harm being done to others. Second, the distinction between the public sphere, where liberal democracies can intervene, and the private sphere, where individuals are, in principle, free to do as they like. I argue that both concepts have to be revisited in the context of today's ‘ultra-processed’ world, in which sophisticated technologies and highly engineered products reach deep into the private sphere, exploiting human psychology and jeopardizing citizens’ health and welfare in the interest of maximizing profit. In this ultra-processed world, where the distinction between the public and the private spheres is blurred, systemic interventions such as regulation and taxation, often criticized as paternalistic, are necessary to minimize harm. However, they must be complemented by interventions informed by behavioural science that modify and guide individual behaviours. Beyond the soft paternalism of nudging, people can be empowered to self-nudge – a non-paternalistic approach that enables them to design and structure their own decision environments and choice architectures as they see fit.","PeriodicalId":29777,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Public Policy","volume":"7 1","pages":"906 - 913"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46303611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Voluntariness and the bounds of cost–benefit analysis 自愿性与成本效益分析的界限
IF 5.1 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2023-02-27 DOI: 10.1017/bpp.2023.7
R. Sugden
Abstract Behavioural economists often claim that their policy recommendations are justified by cost–benefit analysis (CBA), but without adequate explanation of the methodology they have in mind. I sketch the outlines of a CBA methodology that is compatible with the findings of behavioural economics and is in accord with my account in Sugden (2018) of a well-functioning market as a network of opportunities for mutually beneficial transactions. The key idea is that the CBA of a project is concerned only with effects that are not transmitted through voluntary interactions. I illustrate this proposal by considering the appraisal of fuel economy mandates.
抽象行为经济学家经常声称,他们的政策建议是通过成本效益分析(CBA)来证明的,但没有对他们心目中的方法进行充分解释。我概述了一种CBA方法,该方法与行为经济学的研究结果相一致,并与我在Sugden(2018)中的描述一致,即一个运作良好的市场是一个互利交易的机会网络。关键思想是,一个项目的CBA只关注不是通过自愿互动传递的影响。我通过考虑对燃油经济性任务的评估来说明这一建议。
{"title":"Voluntariness and the bounds of cost–benefit analysis","authors":"R. Sugden","doi":"10.1017/bpp.2023.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/bpp.2023.7","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Behavioural economists often claim that their policy recommendations are justified by cost–benefit analysis (CBA), but without adequate explanation of the methodology they have in mind. I sketch the outlines of a CBA methodology that is compatible with the findings of behavioural economics and is in accord with my account in Sugden (2018) of a well-functioning market as a network of opportunities for mutually beneficial transactions. The key idea is that the CBA of a project is concerned only with effects that are not transmitted through voluntary interactions. I illustrate this proposal by considering the appraisal of fuel economy mandates.","PeriodicalId":29777,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Public Policy","volume":"7 1","pages":"954 - 962"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48388628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The authors of our own lives: the limitations of the behavioural justification for paternalism 我们自己生活的作者:家长主义行为正当性的局限性
IF 5.1 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2023-02-27 DOI: 10.1017/bpp.2023.6
A. Oliver
Abstract In this article, the confidence that has been placed in hard and, in particular, soft paternalistic measures in the field of behavioural public policy is questioned. The four purported limitations of human reasoning – i.e. limited imagination, willpower, objectivity and technical ability – are considered, but ultimately it is concluded that these are insufficient justifications for paternalistic intervention, for two principal-related reasons. First, it is impossible for a policy maker to discern what people desire for their own lives, and second, so long as they are not harming others, people ought to be free to pursue their own desires. The vision for the future of behavioural public policy proposed here is thus consistent with classical liberal, and in particular, Millian thought: i.e. aim to educate people on the pros and cons of their actions and inactions so that they are better equipped to live the lives they wish to lead but do not interfere directly in guiding them towards any particular end.
摘要在这篇文章中,人们对行为公共政策领域的硬家长式措施,特别是软家长式措施的信心受到了质疑。人们考虑了人类推理的四个所谓局限性,即想象力、意志力、客观性和技术能力有限,但最终得出的结论是,由于两个主要的相关原因,这些都不足以成为家长式干预的理由。首先,决策者不可能辨别出人们对自己生活的渴望;其次,只要他们不伤害他人,人们就应该自由追求自己的欲望。因此,这里提出的行为公共政策的未来愿景与古典自由主义,尤其是米利安思想一致:即旨在教育人们他们的作为和不作为的利弊,使他们能够更好地过上自己想要的生活,但不直接干预引导他们走向任何特定目的。
{"title":"The authors of our own lives: the limitations of the behavioural justification for paternalism","authors":"A. Oliver","doi":"10.1017/bpp.2023.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/bpp.2023.6","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this article, the confidence that has been placed in hard and, in particular, soft paternalistic measures in the field of behavioural public policy is questioned. The four purported limitations of human reasoning – i.e. limited imagination, willpower, objectivity and technical ability – are considered, but ultimately it is concluded that these are insufficient justifications for paternalistic intervention, for two principal-related reasons. First, it is impossible for a policy maker to discern what people desire for their own lives, and second, so long as they are not harming others, people ought to be free to pursue their own desires. The vision for the future of behavioural public policy proposed here is thus consistent with classical liberal, and in particular, Millian thought: i.e. aim to educate people on the pros and cons of their actions and inactions so that they are better equipped to live the lives they wish to lead but do not interfere directly in guiding them towards any particular end.","PeriodicalId":29777,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Public Policy","volume":"7 1","pages":"924 - 932"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46337025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Beyond our parochialism 超越我们的狭隘
IF 5.1 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2023-02-27 DOI: 10.1017/bpp.2023.3
V. Storr, M. R. Romero
Abstract Parochialism, by which we mean in-group preferences and out-group prejudice, has the potential to influence public policy. In-group preferences and out-group prejudice can lead individuals to evaluate a policy based on how that policy affects the groups they belong to rather than on the basis of their ideological priors or the impact of that policy on society at large. Unchecked, parochialism likely leads to problematic policies and perverse social outcomes. While the evidence suggests that this bias can be mitigated if issues are framed in ways that encourage reflection as opposed to unreflective immediate responses, policy makers face incentives to leverage parochialism rather than combat it. The solution may instead require limiting policy makers and our ability to make decisions for others and promoting an institutional environment that encourages our interacting with diverse others rather than insularity. Stated another way, limited government and open society may be the path beyond our parochialism.
狭隘主义,我们指的是群体内偏好和群体外偏见,有可能影响公共政策。群体内偏好和群体外偏见可能导致个人根据该政策如何影响他们所属的群体来评估一项政策,而不是基于他们的意识形态先验或该政策对整个社会的影响。如果不加以控制,狭隘主义可能会导致有问题的政策和反常的社会结果。虽然有证据表明,如果问题以鼓励反思而不是不经反思的即时反应的方式提出,这种偏见可以得到缓解,但政策制定者面临的激励是利用狭隘主义,而不是与之斗争。相反,解决方案可能需要限制政策制定者和我们为他人做决定的能力,并促进一种鼓励我们与多样化的他人互动而不是孤立的制度环境。换句话说,有限的政府和开放的社会可能是我们超越狭隘的道路。
{"title":"Beyond our parochialism","authors":"V. Storr, M. R. Romero","doi":"10.1017/bpp.2023.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/bpp.2023.3","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Parochialism, by which we mean in-group preferences and out-group prejudice, has the potential to influence public policy. In-group preferences and out-group prejudice can lead individuals to evaluate a policy based on how that policy affects the groups they belong to rather than on the basis of their ideological priors or the impact of that policy on society at large. Unchecked, parochialism likely leads to problematic policies and perverse social outcomes. While the evidence suggests that this bias can be mitigated if issues are framed in ways that encourage reflection as opposed to unreflective immediate responses, policy makers face incentives to leverage parochialism rather than combat it. The solution may instead require limiting policy makers and our ability to make decisions for others and promoting an institutional environment that encourages our interacting with diverse others rather than insularity. Stated another way, limited government and open society may be the path beyond our parochialism.","PeriodicalId":29777,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Public Policy","volume":"7 1","pages":"963 - 971"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45000760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Escaping Paternalism: Rationality, Behavioral Economics and Public Policy Mario J. Rizzo and Glen Whitman. Cambridge University Press, 2020, xii+496 pages. 《逃离父权制:理性、行为经济学与公共政策》马里奥·里佐和格伦·惠特曼。剑桥大学出版社,2020,xii+496页。
IF 5.1 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2023-02-20 DOI: 10.1017/bpp.2023.1
M. Dold
{"title":"Escaping Paternalism: Rationality, Behavioral Economics and Public Policy Mario J. Rizzo and Glen Whitman. Cambridge University Press, 2020, xii+496 pages.","authors":"M. Dold","doi":"10.1017/bpp.2023.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/bpp.2023.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":29777,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Public Policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49576785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cultural evolutionary behavioural science in public policy 公共政策中的文化进化行为科学
Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2023-01-24 DOI: 10.1017/bpp.2022.40
Robin Schimmelpfennig, Michael Muthukrishna
Abstract Interventions are to the social sciences what inventions are to the physical sciences – an application of science as technology. Behavioural science has emerged as a powerful toolkit for developing public policy interventions for changing behaviour. However, the translation from principles to practice is often moderated by contextual factors – such as culture – that thwart attempts to generalize past successes. Here, we discuss cultural evolution as a framework for addressing this contextual gap. We describe the history of behavioural science and the role that cultural evolution plays as a natural next step. We review research that may be considered cultural evolutionary behavioural science in public policy, and the promise and challenges to designing cultural evolution informed interventions. Finally, we discuss the value of applied research as a crucial test of basic science: if theories, laboratory and field experiments do not work in the real world, they do not work at all.
干预之于社会科学就像发明之于物理科学一样——是科学作为技术的一种应用。行为科学已经成为制定公共政策干预措施以改变行为的有力工具。然而,从原则到实践的转化往往受到语境因素(如文化)的制约,这些因素阻碍了总结过去成功经验的尝试。在这里,我们讨论文化进化作为解决这一语境差距的框架。我们描述了行为科学的历史,以及文化进化作为自然的下一步所扮演的角色。我们回顾了公共政策中可能被认为是文化进化行为科学的研究,以及设计文化进化知情干预措施的希望和挑战。最后,我们讨论了应用研究作为基础科学的关键测试的价值:如果理论、实验室和现场实验在现实世界中不起作用,它们就根本不起作用。
{"title":"Cultural evolutionary behavioural science in public policy","authors":"Robin Schimmelpfennig, Michael Muthukrishna","doi":"10.1017/bpp.2022.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/bpp.2022.40","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Interventions are to the social sciences what inventions are to the physical sciences – an application of science as technology. Behavioural science has emerged as a powerful toolkit for developing public policy interventions for changing behaviour. However, the translation from principles to practice is often moderated by contextual factors – such as culture – that thwart attempts to generalize past successes. Here, we discuss cultural evolution as a framework for addressing this contextual gap. We describe the history of behavioural science and the role that cultural evolution plays as a natural next step. We review research that may be considered cultural evolutionary behavioural science in public policy, and the promise and challenges to designing cultural evolution informed interventions. Finally, we discuss the value of applied research as a crucial test of basic science: if theories, laboratory and field experiments do not work in the real world, they do not work at all.","PeriodicalId":29777,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Public Policy","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136083691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Analyzing spillovers from food, energy and water conservation behaviors using insights from systems perspective 从系统角度分析粮食、能源和水资源保护行为的溢出效应
IF 5.1 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2023-01-23 DOI: 10.1017/bpp.2022.41
P. Kumar, Holly Caggiano, C. Cuite, F. Felder, R. Shwom
Spillover effects are considered important in evaluating the impacts of food, energy and water (FEW) conservation behaviors for limiting global greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. Failure to account for all possible spillovers, or indirect and unintended results of an intervention, not only obscures valuable information pertaining to the dynamic interactions across domains but also results in biased estimates. In this study, we first systematically reviewed articles that investigate the idea that the performance of one pro-environmental behavior influences the conduct of subsequent behaviors(s) from the FEW domains. From our review of 48 studies in the last decade, we note that a big part of the discussion on spillover concerns the nature and direction of causal relationships between individual FEW conservation behaviors. We identify a critical gap in the literature regarding the distinction between spillover effects caused by the interventions as distinct from those caused by the primary behaviors. Next, we conducted a quantitative meta-analysis of the reviewed empirical studies to find a modest but overall positive spillover effect. Finally, we reviewed the theoretical and methodological plurality in the FEW spillover literature using a systemic thinking lens to summarize what is already known and identify future challenges and research opportunities with significant policy implications.
溢出效应被认为是评估粮食、能源和水(FEW)保护行为对限制全球温室气体排放和气候变化的影响的重要因素。未能考虑到所有可能的溢出效应,或干预的间接和意外结果,不仅掩盖了与跨领域动态互动有关的有价值信息,还导致了有偏差的估计。在这项研究中,我们首先系统地回顾了一些文章,这些文章调查了一种亲环境行为的表现会影响FEW领域后续行为的行为。从我们对过去十年中48项研究的回顾中,我们注意到,关于溢出的讨论很大一部分涉及个体FEW保护行为之间因果关系的性质和方向。我们在文献中发现了一个关键的空白,即干预措施引起的溢出效应与主要行为造成的溢出效应之间的区别。接下来,我们对回顾的实证研究进行了定量荟萃分析,以发现适度但总体上积极的溢出效应。最后,我们使用系统思维的视角回顾了FEW溢出文献中的理论和方法论多元性,以总结已知的内容,并确定具有重大政策意义的未来挑战和研究机会。
{"title":"Analyzing spillovers from food, energy and water conservation behaviors using insights from systems perspective","authors":"P. Kumar, Holly Caggiano, C. Cuite, F. Felder, R. Shwom","doi":"10.1017/bpp.2022.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/bpp.2022.41","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Spillover effects are considered important in evaluating the impacts of food, energy and water (FEW) conservation behaviors for limiting global greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. Failure to account for all possible spillovers, or indirect and unintended results of an intervention, not only obscures valuable information pertaining to the dynamic interactions across domains but also results in biased estimates. In this study, we first systematically reviewed articles that investigate the idea that the performance of one pro-environmental behavior influences the conduct of subsequent behaviors(s) from the FEW domains. From our review of 48 studies in the last decade, we note that a big part of the discussion on spillover concerns the nature and direction of causal relationships between individual FEW conservation behaviors. We identify a critical gap in the literature regarding the distinction between spillover effects caused by the interventions as distinct from those caused by the primary behaviors. Next, we conducted a quantitative meta-analysis of the reviewed empirical studies to find a modest but overall positive spillover effect. Finally, we reviewed the theoretical and methodological plurality in the FEW spillover literature using a systemic thinking lens to summarize what is already known and identify future challenges and research opportunities with significant policy implications.","PeriodicalId":29777,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Public Policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44768246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
The effect of transparent unequal penalty rates on safety compliance for different-sized businesses 透明的不平等处罚率对不同规模企业安全合规性的影响
IF 5.1 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2023-01-13 DOI: 10.1017/bpp.2022.42
C. Kogler, J. Olsen, M. Osman, M. Zeelenberg
The present study investigates the relation of procedural transparency and compliance with authorities’ regulations. The underlying assumption is that procedural transparency encourages compliance with regulations. In an incentivized experiment, 666 participants took on the role of a business owner and had to fill in a form and spend a certain amount of their income as compliance costs to adhere to safety rules. In a 2 (Business Size: small vs big) × 2 (Penalty Rate: equal vs unequal) × 2 (Penalty Scheme: transparent vs nontransparent) between-subjects design, we investigated whether an unequal penalty rate for small-size in contrast to big-size businesses had a different effect on compliance when this difference was transparent compared to when it was not transparent. Business income, compliance costs, and audit probability were varied within-subject, over 18 decision rounds. We find that the deterring effect of a higher penalty rate for big-size compared to small-size businesses under a nontransparent unequal penalty scheme is attenuated when the same information is available. This supports the idea of a backfiring effect and suggests that authorities need to carefully consider what information about their procedures to communicate in order to avoid the unintended negative effects of increasing transparency.
本研究调查了程序透明度与遵守当局法规的关系。基本假设是,程序的透明度鼓励遵守法规。在一项激励性实验中,666名参与者扮演了企业主的角色,他们必须填写一份表格,并将一定数额的收入作为遵守安全规则的合规成本。在受试者之间的2(企业规模:小企业与大企业)×2(惩罚率:相等与不相等)×2。业务收入、合规成本和审计概率在18轮决策中各不相同。我们发现,在不透明的不平等惩罚方案下,与小型企业相比,大型企业的更高惩罚率的威慑作用在相同信息可用时减弱。这支持了适得其反的想法,并表明当局需要仔细考虑要传达哪些关于其程序的信息,以避免增加透明度带来的意外负面影响。
{"title":"The effect of transparent unequal penalty rates on safety compliance for different-sized businesses","authors":"C. Kogler, J. Olsen, M. Osman, M. Zeelenberg","doi":"10.1017/bpp.2022.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/bpp.2022.42","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The present study investigates the relation of procedural transparency and compliance with authorities’ regulations. The underlying assumption is that procedural transparency encourages compliance with regulations. In an incentivized experiment, 666 participants took on the role of a business owner and had to fill in a form and spend a certain amount of their income as compliance costs to adhere to safety rules. In a 2 (Business Size: small vs big) × 2 (Penalty Rate: equal vs unequal) × 2 (Penalty Scheme: transparent vs nontransparent) between-subjects design, we investigated whether an unequal penalty rate for small-size in contrast to big-size businesses had a different effect on compliance when this difference was transparent compared to when it was not transparent. Business income, compliance costs, and audit probability were varied within-subject, over 18 decision rounds. We find that the deterring effect of a higher penalty rate for big-size compared to small-size businesses under a nontransparent unequal penalty scheme is attenuated when the same information is available. This supports the idea of a backfiring effect and suggests that authorities need to carefully consider what information about their procedures to communicate in order to avoid the unintended negative effects of increasing transparency.","PeriodicalId":29777,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Public Policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46826063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Free to choose or free to lose? Understanding individual attitudes toward paternalism 自由选择还是自由失去?了解个人对家长作风的态度
IF 5.1 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2022-12-14 DOI: 10.1017/bpp.2022.39
D. Lassen, D. Mahler
In the past decades, behavioral economics has credibly identified numerous decision-making biases leading people to make choices they would not have made if better informed about the long-term consequences of their actions. This has given rise to a new reason for government interventions: internalities. In contrast to traditional reasons for government intervention, such as redistribution and externalities, overcoming internalities often involves the use of paternalistic policies. We investigate theoretically and empirically the formation of attitudes toward paternalistic policies. Theoretically, we focus on the role of self-interest and distinguish between self-interest as construed for the rational decision-maker, self-interest when self-control problems are present, and self-interest when procedural or expressive elements, such as autonomy, matter. Empirically, we employ two novel data sets: a Danish survey on political opinion combined with administrative data on actual behavior and a large-scale cross-country survey to analyze attitudes toward paternalistic policies in the health and financial domains. We show that targets of paternalism are more opposed to paternalism than non-targets both in Denmark and across nine Western democracies and rely on our theoretical priors to explore mechanisms that can explain these attitudes.
在过去的几十年里,行为经济学已经可靠地发现了许多导致人们做出选择的决策偏差,如果他们对自己行为的长期后果有更好的了解,他们就不会做出这样的选择。这为政府干预提供了一个新的理由:内部性。与再分配和外部性等政府干预的传统原因相反,克服内部性往往涉及使用家长式政策。我们从理论上和经验上考察了对家长式政策态度的形成。从理论上讲,我们关注自利的作用,并将自利区分为理性决策者的自利,存在自我控制问题时的自利,以及程序或表达因素(如自主性)重要时的自利。在经验上,我们采用了两个新颖的数据集:丹麦的政治意见调查与实际行为的行政数据相结合,以及大规模的跨国调查,以分析人们对卫生和金融领域家长式政策的态度。我们表明,在丹麦和九个西方民主国家,家长制的目标比非家长制的目标更反对家长制,并依靠我们的理论先验来探索可以解释这些态度的机制。
{"title":"Free to choose or free to lose? Understanding individual attitudes toward paternalism","authors":"D. Lassen, D. Mahler","doi":"10.1017/bpp.2022.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/bpp.2022.39","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In the past decades, behavioral economics has credibly identified numerous decision-making biases leading people to make choices they would not have made if better informed about the long-term consequences of their actions. This has given rise to a new reason for government interventions: internalities. In contrast to traditional reasons for government intervention, such as redistribution and externalities, overcoming internalities often involves the use of paternalistic policies. We investigate theoretically and empirically the formation of attitudes toward paternalistic policies. Theoretically, we focus on the role of self-interest and distinguish between self-interest as construed for the rational decision-maker, self-interest when self-control problems are present, and self-interest when procedural or expressive elements, such as autonomy, matter. Empirically, we employ two novel data sets: a Danish survey on political opinion combined with administrative data on actual behavior and a large-scale cross-country survey to analyze attitudes toward paternalistic policies in the health and financial domains. We show that targets of paternalism are more opposed to paternalism than non-targets both in Denmark and across nine Western democracies and rely on our theoretical priors to explore mechanisms that can explain these attitudes.","PeriodicalId":29777,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Public Policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46143603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Michael Jones-Lee and the value of statistical life, health and safety Michael Jones Lee与统计生命、健康和安全的价值
IF 5.1 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1017/bpp.2022.34
G. Loomes, Robert Sugden
This is an appreciation of the life and work of Michael Jones-Lee. It describes his pioneering role in establishing and developing the theory and practice of the elicitation of monetary values for changes in risks to life, health and safety, using stated preference methods.
这是对李的生活和工作的赞赏。它描述了他在使用既定偏好方法建立和发展生命、健康和安全风险变化的货币价值启发理论和实践方面的开创性作用。
{"title":"Michael Jones-Lee and the value of statistical life, health and safety","authors":"G. Loomes, Robert Sugden","doi":"10.1017/bpp.2022.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/bpp.2022.34","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This is an appreciation of the life and work of Michael Jones-Lee. It describes his pioneering role in establishing and developing the theory and practice of the elicitation of monetary values for changes in risks to life, health and safety, using stated preference methods.","PeriodicalId":29777,"journal":{"name":"Behavioural Public Policy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46392085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Behavioural Public Policy
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1