Industrial Chemistry & Materials最新文献

Liquid-based materials have emerged as promising soft materials for bioelectronics due to their defect-free nature, conformability, robust mechanical properties, self-healing, conductivity, and stable interfaces. A liquid is infiltrated into a structuring material endowing the material with a liquid-like behavior. Liquid-based electronics with favorable features are being designed and engineered to meet requirements of practical applications. In this review, various types of liquid-based electronic materials and the recent progress on bioelectronics in multiple applications are summarized. Liquid-based electronic materials include ionic liquid hydrogel, nanomaterial-incorporated hydrogel, liquid metal, liquid-infused encapsulation, and liquid-based adhesive. These materials are demonstrated via electronic applications, including strain sensor, touch sensor, implantable stimulator, encapsulation, and adhesive as necessary components comprising electronics. Finally, the current challenges and future perspective of liquid-based electronics are discussed.

Keywords: Bioelectronics; Liquid metal; Soft electronics; Hydrogel electronics; Lubricant-infused.

An inhomogeneous catalyst surface leads to concentration gradients along this surface, which can generate diffusio-osmotic flows. The magnitude of this surface flow and the extent to which it impacts the catalytic conversion is numerically investigated and depends foremost on the reaction kinetics of the system and the surface-species interactions expressed via the diffusio-osmotic mobility. We present general scaling laws based on the reaction kinetics and interaction potential between chemical species and the catalytic surface, captured in a single parameter. We further investigate the optimal catalyst coverage in order to maximize the benefit of these surface flows.

Keywords: Diffusio-osmosis; Catalysis; Transport; Enhancement.

Antifouling liquid-infused surfaces have generated interest in multiple fields due to their diverse applications in industry and medicine. In nearly all reports to date, the liquid component consists of only one chemical species. However, unlike traditional solid surfaces, the unique nature of liquid surfaces holds the potential for synergistic and even adaptive functionality simply by including additional elements in the liquid coating. In this work, we explore the concept of multi-component liquid-infused systems, in which the coating liquid consists of a primary liquid and a secondary component or components that provide additional functionality. For ease of understanding, we categorize recently reported multi-component liquid-infused surfaces according to the size of the secondary components: molecular scale, in which the secondary components are molecules; nanoscale, in which they are nanoparticles or their equivalent; and microscale, in which the additional components are micrometer size or above. We present examples at each scale, showing how introducing a secondary element into the liquid can result in synergistic effects, such as maintaining a pristine surface while actively modifying the surrounding environment, which are difficult to achieve in other surface treatments. The review highlights the diversity of fabrication methods and provides perspectives on future research directions. Introducing secondary components into the liquid matrix of liquid-infused surfaces is a promising strategy with significant potential to create a new class of multifunctional materials.

Keywords: Active surfaces; Antimicrobial; Antifouling; Interfaces; Sensing surfaces.

The exothermic characteristic of the water-gas-shift (WGS) reaction, coupled with the thermodynamic constraints at elevated temperatures, has spurred a research inclination towards conducting the WGS reaction at reduced temperatures. Nonetheless, the challenge of achieving efficient mass transfer between gaseous CO and liquid H₂O at the photocatalytic interface under mild reaction conditions hinders the advancement of the photocatalytic WGS reaction. In this study, we introduce a gas–liquid–solid triphase photocatalytic WGS reaction system. This system facilitates swift transportation of gaseous CO to the photocatalyst's surface while ensuring a consistent water supply. Among various metal-loaded TiO₂ photocatalysts, Rh/TiO₂ nanoparticles positioned at the triphase interface demonstrated an impressive H₂ production rate of 27.60 mmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹. This rate is roughly 2 and 10 times greater than that observed in the liquid–solid and gas–solid diphase systems. Additionally, finite element simulations indicate that the concentrations of CO and H₂O at the gas–liquid–solid interface remain stable. This suggests that the triphase interface establishes a conducive microenvironment with sufficient CO and H₂O supply to the surface of photocatalysts. These insights offer a foundational approach to enhance the interfacial mass transfer of gaseous CO and liquid H₂O, thereby optimizing the photocatalytic WGS reaction's efficiency.

Keywords: Water-gas-shift; Photocatalysis; Triphase interface; Hydrogen evolution; TiO₂.