As an emerging space industry, it is necessary to consider whether there are economic feasibility and endogenous power to achieve sustainable development. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of existing commercial on-orbit servicing (OOS) projects and OOS application scenarios, the market scale of OOS and the economic value of typical services are analyzed by using industry data and net present value method. Furthermore, value drives of OOS are analyzed and multiple OOS business models are put forward from the perspective of enterprise value creation and transmission, with their applicable situations, implementation methods and application scenarios defined. Finally, suggestions on the development of OOS industrialization are carried out from the aspect of industry ecosystem construction. The results show that on orbit services in GEO area is large-scale and economically feasible, and flexibility is the core value driving factor of OOS; the key to sustainable development of OOS industry is to incorporate the flexibility elements of maintainability and OOS capability into solutions for future space systems. The results could provide guidance and reference significance for the development of the OOS industry and for relevant markets entities to formulate domestic and foreign market development strategies.
{"title":"Commercialization analysis of on-orbit servicing for spacecraft","authors":"Xiao Zhang, Yuqiang Liu, Zongbo He, Chunlin Tan","doi":"10.1117/12.3006811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3006811","url":null,"abstract":"As an emerging space industry, it is necessary to consider whether there are economic feasibility and endogenous power to achieve sustainable development. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of existing commercial on-orbit servicing (OOS) projects and OOS application scenarios, the market scale of OOS and the economic value of typical services are analyzed by using industry data and net present value method. Furthermore, value drives of OOS are analyzed and multiple OOS business models are put forward from the perspective of enterprise value creation and transmission, with their applicable situations, implementation methods and application scenarios defined. Finally, suggestions on the development of OOS industrialization are carried out from the aspect of industry ecosystem construction. The results show that on orbit services in GEO area is large-scale and economically feasible, and flexibility is the core value driving factor of OOS; the key to sustainable development of OOS industry is to incorporate the flexibility elements of maintainability and OOS capability into solutions for future space systems. The results could provide guidance and reference significance for the development of the OOS industry and for relevant markets entities to formulate domestic and foreign market development strategies.","PeriodicalId":298662,"journal":{"name":"Applied Optics and Photonics China","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138965254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To address the need for efficient and large-scale fabrication of multi-level diffractive lenses (MDL) for focusing and imaging applications, this study investigates the limitations of small aperture, high cost, and low efficiency in existing MDL fabrication processes. By analyzing the advantages and characteristics of various techniques in the micro-nano structure fabrication process, we propose an MDL fabrication method that combines grayscale photolithography and nanoimprint lithography. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method enables precise fabrication of MDL microstructures with a 10% error margin, exhibiting excellent structure control capabilities and fabrication accuracy. Notably, compared to traditional processing methods, the fabrication time for MDLs has been reduced from 5 hours to 10 minutes per piece using the method suggested in this study. By integrating nanoimprint lithography and grayscale photolithography, we successfully achieve high-efficiency and high-precision replication manufacturing of large-aperture MDLs. In conclusion, this research offers a high-efficiency and high-precision replication manufacturing method for the mass production of MDLs, potentially promoting the industrialization of MDLs in optical application fields.
{"title":"High-efficiency and high-precision replication manufacturing of large-aperture multi-level diffractive lenses","authors":"Junyan Li, Shaobo Ge, Weiguo Liu","doi":"10.1117/12.3007883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3007883","url":null,"abstract":"To address the need for efficient and large-scale fabrication of multi-level diffractive lenses (MDL) for focusing and imaging applications, this study investigates the limitations of small aperture, high cost, and low efficiency in existing MDL fabrication processes. By analyzing the advantages and characteristics of various techniques in the micro-nano structure fabrication process, we propose an MDL fabrication method that combines grayscale photolithography and nanoimprint lithography. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method enables precise fabrication of MDL microstructures with a 10% error margin, exhibiting excellent structure control capabilities and fabrication accuracy. Notably, compared to traditional processing methods, the fabrication time for MDLs has been reduced from 5 hours to 10 minutes per piece using the method suggested in this study. By integrating nanoimprint lithography and grayscale photolithography, we successfully achieve high-efficiency and high-precision replication manufacturing of large-aperture MDLs. In conclusion, this research offers a high-efficiency and high-precision replication manufacturing method for the mass production of MDLs, potentially promoting the industrialization of MDLs in optical application fields.","PeriodicalId":298662,"journal":{"name":"Applied Optics and Photonics China","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138994737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuebo Liu, QiuLing Qiu, Wenyuan Liao, Hao Niu, Jiahui Yan, Zongbei Dai, Teng Ma, Shaohua Yang, C. Lai
The HgCdTe Photodiode is the most basic and important unit of HgCdTe IRFPA (Infra-red focal plane array) detectors, which have been widely used in the fields of security, fire protection, remote sensing and deep space detection. For HgCdTe IRFPA, the trapped charges of the HgCdTe material and the ionic charges introduced during the preparation process are the factors, other than environmental stress, that have the greatest impact on IRFPA performance. The trapped charges come from the trap energy level in the HgCdTe material, which exist during the crystal growth process and can be improved by adjusting the growth conditions, but it cannot be completely avoided. The ionic charges introduced during the process are generally concentrated at the interface and surface of the HgCdTe material, which can be reduced by process improvement, but cannot be completely avoided. In order to analyze the mechanism of multiple charges affecting the HgCdTe detector performance, a type of n+ -on-p HgCdTe Photodiode is selected as the object of this work, and the effects of the concentration and distribution of charges on the carrier distribution and energy band structure of the n+ -on-p HgCdTe are analyzed in detail. The introduction of additional net charge relative to an ideal n+ -on-p HgCdTe Photodiode leads to the aggregation or scavenging of local carriers and affects the energy band structure near the charge, creating additional potential barriers or potential wells, which is likely to cause device degradation. On this basis, the optoelectronic properties of the HgCdTe Photodiode have been investigated under infrared radiation at a wavelength of 9.5 μm, as the light I–V characteristics, the dynamic resistance–voltage characteristics, band structure and carrier density distribution. According to the results of this work, the quasi-fixed charges introduced by defects or contamination will directly affect the generation rate of photogenerated carriers and affect the I–V and R–V characteristics of the HgCdTe Photodiode, leading to phenomena such as rising dark currents, decreasing spectral response, and decreasing quantum efficiency.
{"title":"Effect of trapped charges and ionic charges distribution on n+-on-p HgCdTe photodiode properties","authors":"Yuebo Liu, QiuLing Qiu, Wenyuan Liao, Hao Niu, Jiahui Yan, Zongbei Dai, Teng Ma, Shaohua Yang, C. Lai","doi":"10.1117/12.3006193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3006193","url":null,"abstract":"The HgCdTe Photodiode is the most basic and important unit of HgCdTe IRFPA (Infra-red focal plane array) detectors, which have been widely used in the fields of security, fire protection, remote sensing and deep space detection. For HgCdTe IRFPA, the trapped charges of the HgCdTe material and the ionic charges introduced during the preparation process are the factors, other than environmental stress, that have the greatest impact on IRFPA performance. The trapped charges come from the trap energy level in the HgCdTe material, which exist during the crystal growth process and can be improved by adjusting the growth conditions, but it cannot be completely avoided. The ionic charges introduced during the process are generally concentrated at the interface and surface of the HgCdTe material, which can be reduced by process improvement, but cannot be completely avoided. In order to analyze the mechanism of multiple charges affecting the HgCdTe detector performance, a type of n+ -on-p HgCdTe Photodiode is selected as the object of this work, and the effects of the concentration and distribution of charges on the carrier distribution and energy band structure of the n+ -on-p HgCdTe are analyzed in detail. The introduction of additional net charge relative to an ideal n+ -on-p HgCdTe Photodiode leads to the aggregation or scavenging of local carriers and affects the energy band structure near the charge, creating additional potential barriers or potential wells, which is likely to cause device degradation. On this basis, the optoelectronic properties of the HgCdTe Photodiode have been investigated under infrared radiation at a wavelength of 9.5 μm, as the light I–V characteristics, the dynamic resistance–voltage characteristics, band structure and carrier density distribution. According to the results of this work, the quasi-fixed charges introduced by defects or contamination will directly affect the generation rate of photogenerated carriers and affect the I–V and R–V characteristics of the HgCdTe Photodiode, leading to phenomena such as rising dark currents, decreasing spectral response, and decreasing quantum efficiency.","PeriodicalId":298662,"journal":{"name":"Applied Optics and Photonics China","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138994781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We studied the influence of frequency and phase noise of semiconductor laser on the performance of photonics assisted terahertz wave system. The laser spectrum is Lorentzian intrinsic shape when only Gaussian white noise exists. The phase noise of the laser increases with the increase of the Lorentzian spectral linewidth of the laser. When considering 1 f noise, the laser frequency will be superimposed with 1 f noise. The 1 f noise in the low-frequency band will make the reconstructed laser spectrum of the whole frequency noise tend to be non-Lorentzian shape, which has a serious impact on system performance. When the system is affected by the resonance frequency, the side lobes appearing on both sides of the main peak of the laser spectrum also have a certain impact on the system performance. We simulated dual-polarization (DP) 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (16QAM) signal transmission up to 60Gbaud on a 50km standard single mode fiber (SSMF) at 300GHz.
我们研究了半导体激光器的频率和相位噪声对光子辅助太赫兹波系统性能的影响。当只有高斯白噪声时，激光光谱呈洛伦兹本征形状。激光器的相位噪声随着激光器洛伦兹光谱线宽的增加而增加。当考虑 1 f 噪声时，激光频率将与 1 f 噪声叠加。低频段的 1 f 噪声会使重构后的激光光谱全频噪声趋向于非洛伦兹形状，从而对系统性能产生严重影响。当系统受到谐振频率的影响时，激光频谱主峰两侧出现的边叶也会对系统性能产生一定的影响。我们模拟了双偏振（DP）16-ary 正交调幅（16QAM）信号在 300GHz 的 50km 标准单模光纤（SSMF）上传输高达 60Gbaud 的情况。
{"title":"Influence of laser phase noise on photonics-aided terahertz wireless communication system","authors":"Zhigang Xin, Jiao Zhang, Min Zhu","doi":"10.1117/12.3005414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3005414","url":null,"abstract":"We studied the influence of frequency and phase noise of semiconductor laser on the performance of photonics assisted terahertz wave system. The laser spectrum is Lorentzian intrinsic shape when only Gaussian white noise exists. The phase noise of the laser increases with the increase of the Lorentzian spectral linewidth of the laser. When considering 1 f noise, the laser frequency will be superimposed with 1 f noise. The 1 f noise in the low-frequency band will make the reconstructed laser spectrum of the whole frequency noise tend to be non-Lorentzian shape, which has a serious impact on system performance. When the system is affected by the resonance frequency, the side lobes appearing on both sides of the main peak of the laser spectrum also have a certain impact on the system performance. We simulated dual-polarization (DP) 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (16QAM) signal transmission up to 60Gbaud on a 50km standard single mode fiber (SSMF) at 300GHz.","PeriodicalId":298662,"journal":{"name":"Applied Optics and Photonics China","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138994798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jin Qin, Shaowei He, Wei Li, Zhiwei Cheng, Weiming Zhu
Water exhibits excellent dielectric constant dispersion and high loss capacity in the microwave frequency range, making it an ideal material for broadband microwave absorbers. In this paper, a broadband water-cube-based metasurface microwave absorber (WMMA) is proposed, which is capable of regulating microwave absorption. The WMMA is comprised of the top layer of water-cube-based metasurface, the middle water absorption medium, and the bottom PMMA substrate. The impedance of the WMMA is determined by the design of the water-cube structure, resulting in a broadband and tunable microwave absorption coefficient. In the Ku band, the absorption intensity of the WMMA can cover the range from 71% to 99% by regulating h and p of the water-cube unit structure with a constant absorption coefficient over a wide frequency band. The broadband and tunable WMMA has the advantages of easy fabrication and low cost, rendering it highly promising for vast applications in the fields of electromagnetic shielding, stealth, and wireless communications.
水在微波频率范围内具有优异的介电常数分散性和高损耗能力，是宽带微波吸收器的理想材料。本文提出了一种能调节微波吸收的宽带水立方元表面微波吸收器（WMMA）。WMMA 由顶层的水立方元表面、中间的水吸收介质和底层的 PMMA 基底组成。WMMA 的阻抗由水立方结构的设计决定，因此具有宽带和可调的微波吸收系数。在 Ku 波段，通过调节水立方单元结构的 h 和 p，WMMA 的吸收强度可覆盖 71% 到 99% 的范围，并且在宽频带内具有恒定的吸收系数。宽带可调 WMMA 具有易于制造和成本低廉的优点，因此在电磁屏蔽、隐身和无线通信领域具有广阔的应用前景。
{"title":"Water-cube-based metasurface for broadband and tunable microwave absorption","authors":"Jin Qin, Shaowei He, Wei Li, Zhiwei Cheng, Weiming Zhu","doi":"10.1117/12.3007619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3007619","url":null,"abstract":"Water exhibits excellent dielectric constant dispersion and high loss capacity in the microwave frequency range, making it an ideal material for broadband microwave absorbers. In this paper, a broadband water-cube-based metasurface microwave absorber (WMMA) is proposed, which is capable of regulating microwave absorption. The WMMA is comprised of the top layer of water-cube-based metasurface, the middle water absorption medium, and the bottom PMMA substrate. The impedance of the WMMA is determined by the design of the water-cube structure, resulting in a broadband and tunable microwave absorption coefficient. In the Ku band, the absorption intensity of the WMMA can cover the range from 71% to 99% by regulating h and p of the water-cube unit structure with a constant absorption coefficient over a wide frequency band. The broadband and tunable WMMA has the advantages of easy fabrication and low cost, rendering it highly promising for vast applications in the fields of electromagnetic shielding, stealth, and wireless communications.","PeriodicalId":298662,"journal":{"name":"Applied Optics and Photonics China","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138995050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The misuse of UAVs has spurred the development of Anti-UAV technology. Infrared detector-based UAV tracking technology has become a research hotspot in the field of the Anti-UAV technology, but still faces the problem of tracking failure caused by background interference. To improve the accuracy and stability of infrared UAV tracking in the complex environments, a spatial-temporal joint constraints based infrared UAV tracking algorithm is proposed. First, a feature pyramid-based Siamese backbone is constructed to enhance the capability of feature extraction for infrared UAVs through cross-scale feature fusion. Next, a region proposal network based on spatio-temporal joint constraints is proposed. Under the constraints of template appearance features and target motion information, the location probability distribution of the infrared UAV is predicted in the entire image, and the prior anchor box is guided to focus on the candidate regions, realizing a soft adaptive search region selection mechanism. By focusing the search area, the anti-background interference capability of the local search strategy and the recapture capability of global search strategy are fused, which effectively mitigates the negative sample interference brought by global search and further enhances the discriminability of target features. Finally, the proposed algorithm is evaluated on the Anti-UAV dataset, achieving precision, success rate, and average precision of 89.5%, 64.9%, and 65.6%, respectively, with a tracking speed of 18.5 FPS. Compared with other advanced tracking algorithms, the proposed algorithm obtains better tracking performance and superior tracking performance in complex scenarios such as fast motion, thermal crossover and distractors interference.
{"title":"Spatial-temporal joint constraints based tracking method for infrared UAV","authors":"Xueli Xie, Jianxiang Xi, Ruitao Lu, Xiaogang Yang, Wenxin Xia","doi":"10.1117/12.3006233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3006233","url":null,"abstract":"The misuse of UAVs has spurred the development of Anti-UAV technology. Infrared detector-based UAV tracking technology has become a research hotspot in the field of the Anti-UAV technology, but still faces the problem of tracking failure caused by background interference. To improve the accuracy and stability of infrared UAV tracking in the complex environments, a spatial-temporal joint constraints based infrared UAV tracking algorithm is proposed. First, a feature pyramid-based Siamese backbone is constructed to enhance the capability of feature extraction for infrared UAVs through cross-scale feature fusion. Next, a region proposal network based on spatio-temporal joint constraints is proposed. Under the constraints of template appearance features and target motion information, the location probability distribution of the infrared UAV is predicted in the entire image, and the prior anchor box is guided to focus on the candidate regions, realizing a soft adaptive search region selection mechanism. By focusing the search area, the anti-background interference capability of the local search strategy and the recapture capability of global search strategy are fused, which effectively mitigates the negative sample interference brought by global search and further enhances the discriminability of target features. Finally, the proposed algorithm is evaluated on the Anti-UAV dataset, achieving precision, success rate, and average precision of 89.5%, 64.9%, and 65.6%, respectively, with a tracking speed of 18.5 FPS. Compared with other advanced tracking algorithms, the proposed algorithm obtains better tracking performance and superior tracking performance in complex scenarios such as fast motion, thermal crossover and distractors interference.","PeriodicalId":298662,"journal":{"name":"Applied Optics and Photonics China","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138995055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yun Zhao, Hang Chen, Min Lin, Haiou Zhang, Tao Yan, Xing Lin, Ruqi Huang, Qionghai Dai
Increasing the layer number can improve the model performance of on-chip optical neural networks (ONNs). However, this results in larger integrated photonic chip areas due to the successive cascading of network hidden layers. We introduce a novel architecture for optical computing based on neural ordinary differential equations (ODEs) that employing optical ODE solvers to parameterize the continuous dynamics of hidden layers. The architecture comprises ONNs followed by a photonic integrator and an optical feedback loop, which can be configured to represent residual neural networks (ResNets) and implement the function of recurrent neural networks with effectively reduced chip area occupancy. For the interference-based optoelectronic nonlinear hidden layer, we demonstrate that the single hidden layer architecture can achieve approximately the same accuracy as the two-layer optical ResNets in image classification tasks. Furthermore, the architecture improves the model classification accuracy for the diffraction-based all-optical linear hidden layer. We also utilize the time-dependent dynamics property of architecture for trajectory prediction with high accuracy.
{"title":"Optical computing for neural ordinary differential equations","authors":"Yun Zhao, Hang Chen, Min Lin, Haiou Zhang, Tao Yan, Xing Lin, Ruqi Huang, Qionghai Dai","doi":"10.1117/12.3005767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3005767","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing the layer number can improve the model performance of on-chip optical neural networks (ONNs). However, this results in larger integrated photonic chip areas due to the successive cascading of network hidden layers. We introduce a novel architecture for optical computing based on neural ordinary differential equations (ODEs) that employing optical ODE solvers to parameterize the continuous dynamics of hidden layers. The architecture comprises ONNs followed by a photonic integrator and an optical feedback loop, which can be configured to represent residual neural networks (ResNets) and implement the function of recurrent neural networks with effectively reduced chip area occupancy. For the interference-based optoelectronic nonlinear hidden layer, we demonstrate that the single hidden layer architecture can achieve approximately the same accuracy as the two-layer optical ResNets in image classification tasks. Furthermore, the architecture improves the model classification accuracy for the diffraction-based all-optical linear hidden layer. We also utilize the time-dependent dynamics property of architecture for trajectory prediction with high accuracy.","PeriodicalId":298662,"journal":{"name":"Applied Optics and Photonics China","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138995192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qinglin Zhao, Yu Liu, Fulun Peng, Xinsheng Guo, Zhidong Liu, Yawei Wang, Ting Ji, Lei Li
In the distributed optoelectronic system, when the optoelectronic reconnaissance equipments cooperates to locate the target, it needs to use the azimuth and elevation information of the optoelectronic reconnaissance equipments, which usually has measurement errors. This paper proposes a distributed optoelectronic system collaborative positioning model with measurement errors, and analyzes the influence of the measurement errors of azimuth and elevation on the target positioning error, At the same time, the influence of the baseline between the optoelectronic reconnaissance equipment on the target positioning error is analyzed. the influence of the included angle between and the positioning lines on the target positioning error is analyzed. The modeling analysis shows that the smaller the measurement error of azimuth and elevation angle are, the smaller the target positioning error is; The longer the baseline is, the smaller the target positioning error is; The closer the included angle of the positioning line is to 4/π, the smaller the target positioning error is. It provides a basis for the selection of angle measuring sensors in the distributed optoelectronic system and the layout of optoelectronic reconnaissance equipment in the distributed optoelectronic system.
{"title":"Research on collaborative positioning technology based on distributed optoelectronic system","authors":"Qinglin Zhao, Yu Liu, Fulun Peng, Xinsheng Guo, Zhidong Liu, Yawei Wang, Ting Ji, Lei Li","doi":"10.1117/12.2692747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2692747","url":null,"abstract":"In the distributed optoelectronic system, when the optoelectronic reconnaissance equipments cooperates to locate the target, it needs to use the azimuth and elevation information of the optoelectronic reconnaissance equipments, which usually has measurement errors. This paper proposes a distributed optoelectronic system collaborative positioning model with measurement errors, and analyzes the influence of the measurement errors of azimuth and elevation on the target positioning error, At the same time, the influence of the baseline between the optoelectronic reconnaissance equipment on the target positioning error is analyzed. the influence of the included angle between and the positioning lines on the target positioning error is analyzed. The modeling analysis shows that the smaller the measurement error of azimuth and elevation angle are, the smaller the target positioning error is; The longer the baseline is, the smaller the target positioning error is; The closer the included angle of the positioning line is to 4/π, the smaller the target positioning error is. It provides a basis for the selection of angle measuring sensors in the distributed optoelectronic system and the layout of optoelectronic reconnaissance equipment in the distributed optoelectronic system.","PeriodicalId":298662,"journal":{"name":"Applied Optics and Photonics China","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138995390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ang Liu, Shen Dong, Yuqi Tan, Xingwei Ye, Junxiang Xiao
The insertion loss of the optical true time delay line is mainly composed of optical waveguide transmission loss, optical switch loss and input-output coupling loss. When the insertion loss is large, the optical power needs to be compensated by the optical amplifier. In order to realize bidirectional optical amplification of true time delay line and ensure high consistency of bidirectional link performance, a new scheme of optical delay line based on unidirectional optical amplifier multiplexing is proposed. Different from the traditional bidirectional delay line that requires one optical amplifier in each of the uplink and downlink, the scheme proposed in this paper reuses the same optical amplifier in the two-way links. As a consequence, the number of devices employed is halved, and the pressures on circuit layout, power consumption and heat dissipation are also reduced. Furthermore, it solves the problem of large performance differences in insertion loss, gain, and optical noise, etc. caused by the opposite experience of optical bidirectional transmission in traditional links. In addition, the scheme in this paper also avoids the problem of performance degradation that may be caused by the use of bidirectional optical amplifiers and other devices with high complexity. In a typical circuit of two-stage cascaded optical delay line, the optical amplifier is placed between the two stages. Through the scheme of unidirectional optical amplifier multiplexing, the bidirectional differences of insertion loss, gain of the optical amplifier and the optical noise are reduced by about 4dB.
{"title":"Optical true time delay technique with bidirectional consistency based on unidirectional optical amplifier","authors":"Ang Liu, Shen Dong, Yuqi Tan, Xingwei Ye, Junxiang Xiao","doi":"10.1117/12.3007618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3007618","url":null,"abstract":"The insertion loss of the optical true time delay line is mainly composed of optical waveguide transmission loss, optical switch loss and input-output coupling loss. When the insertion loss is large, the optical power needs to be compensated by the optical amplifier. In order to realize bidirectional optical amplification of true time delay line and ensure high consistency of bidirectional link performance, a new scheme of optical delay line based on unidirectional optical amplifier multiplexing is proposed. Different from the traditional bidirectional delay line that requires one optical amplifier in each of the uplink and downlink, the scheme proposed in this paper reuses the same optical amplifier in the two-way links. As a consequence, the number of devices employed is halved, and the pressures on circuit layout, power consumption and heat dissipation are also reduced. Furthermore, it solves the problem of large performance differences in insertion loss, gain, and optical noise, etc. caused by the opposite experience of optical bidirectional transmission in traditional links. In addition, the scheme in this paper also avoids the problem of performance degradation that may be caused by the use of bidirectional optical amplifiers and other devices with high complexity. In a typical circuit of two-stage cascaded optical delay line, the optical amplifier is placed between the two stages. Through the scheme of unidirectional optical amplifier multiplexing, the bidirectional differences of insertion loss, gain of the optical amplifier and the optical noise are reduced by about 4dB.","PeriodicalId":298662,"journal":{"name":"Applied Optics and Photonics China","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138963395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Metallic mesh is widely used in the window and domes of infrared optical system of weapon equipment, the fabrication of planar metallic mesh has been relatively mature. However, it is difficult to prepare the mesh with several microns linewidth uniformly on the concave structure with large curvature. Here we designed and fabricated copper film metal grid with high optical transmittance and strong electromagnetic shielding effect on large concave surface by laser direct writing lithography. It achieves an average shielding efficiency of ~ 27.84 dB in 2-12 GHz frequency band, optical transmittance of ~ 90% in the near infrared band. The simulation and experiment has good uniformity. Our results may provide new ideas for the preparation of the electromagnetic interference shielding metallic mesh. It can improve the service life of weapon equipment receiving window and the ability of infrared imaging tracking and anti-electromagnetic interference.
{"title":"Large curvature concave metallic mesh with high optical transmittance and strong electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency","authors":"Haijuan Cheng, Xufeng Zhu, Yonghua Yang, Rukun Dong, Qiuxu Ru, Weisheng Yang, Rujie Li","doi":"10.1117/12.3008076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3008076","url":null,"abstract":"Metallic mesh is widely used in the window and domes of infrared optical system of weapon equipment, the fabrication of planar metallic mesh has been relatively mature. However, it is difficult to prepare the mesh with several microns linewidth uniformly on the concave structure with large curvature. Here we designed and fabricated copper film metal grid with high optical transmittance and strong electromagnetic shielding effect on large concave surface by laser direct writing lithography. It achieves an average shielding efficiency of ~ 27.84 dB in 2-12 GHz frequency band, optical transmittance of ~ 90% in the near infrared band. The simulation and experiment has good uniformity. Our results may provide new ideas for the preparation of the electromagnetic interference shielding metallic mesh. It can improve the service life of weapon equipment receiving window and the ability of infrared imaging tracking and anti-electromagnetic interference.","PeriodicalId":298662,"journal":{"name":"Applied Optics and Photonics China","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138963438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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