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Book Review: Going There by Couric, Katie 《书评:去那里》作者:库里克,凯蒂
IF 1 Q3 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2023-02-03 DOI: 10.1177/19312431231152834
M. Feldstein
The television news memoir is mostly a loathsome genre, self-absorbed and selfpromoting, blighted by humble-bragging and name-dropping—and light on meaningful self-criticism or insight into matters of consequence. In this, as in all else, Katie Couric conforms to expectations. It’s been more than a decade since Couric vacated the anchor chair at the CBS Evening News, but the perky young news woman who first catapulted to fame co-hosting NBC’s TODAY show in the 1990s has thrust herself back into the spotlight with a memoir that combines celebrity autobiography, dishy score-settling, gendered war stories, and selective self-disclosure. Couric starts at the beginning, with her “solidly middle class” upbringing outside Washington, DC, in a neighborhood that “was the postwar suburban dream: hilly streets teeming with kids riding bikes and playing capture the flag” (p. 24). The youngest of four kids, Couric realized that “my superpower was emotional intelligence—I learned at a very early age how to win friends and influence people” (27). She never stopped. Indeed, the secret of her success has been her preternatural ability to get people to like her, especially the powerful men in television who controlled the nation’s airwaves. Blessed by good looks, winsome confidence, and moxie, Couric’s rise in television news was quick and smooth. After college, she showed up unannounced at the ABC News bureau in Washington and talked her way into a job as a desk assistant. Over the next decade, Couric climbed steadily, from an assignment editor at CNN to on-air reporter at local TV stations in Miami and Washington, DC, and then NBC Nightly News. It wasn’t always easy. At CNN, a top executive humiliated her at an editorial meeting by announcing that she was hired because of her “breast size”—but she demanded, and got, an apology: “I liked the feeling of having his nuts in a vise,” she realized (p. 39). Book Review
这部电视新闻回忆录大多是一种令人厌恶的类型,自我专注,自我推销,被谦逊的吹嘘和诋毁所困扰,并忽视了有意义的自我批评或对重要问题的洞察。在这方面,就像在其他方面一样,凯蒂·库里克符合人们的期望。库里克辞去哥伦比亚广播公司《晚间新闻》主播一职已经十多年了,但这位活泼的年轻新闻女性在20世纪90年代首次因联合主持美国全国广播公司《今日秀》节目而一举成名,她凭借一本集名人自传、精彩的比分结算、性别战争故事和选择性自我揭露于一体的回忆录,将自己重新推到了聚光灯下。库里克从一开始就开始了,她在华盛顿特区以外的一个“坚定的中产阶级”的成长环境,这个社区“是战后郊区的梦想:丘陵街道上挤满了骑自行车和玩抓旗游戏的孩子”(第24页)。库里克是四个孩子中最小的一个,他意识到“我的超能力是情商——我在很小的时候就学会了如何赢得朋友和影响别人”(27)。她从未停止过。事实上,她成功的秘诀是她非凡的能力,让人们喜欢她,尤其是那些控制着国家广播的电视界权贵。有了漂亮的外表、迷人的自信和热情,库里克在电视新闻中的崛起迅速而顺利。大学毕业后,她突然出现在华盛顿的美国广播公司新闻局,并通过谈话找到了一份案头助理的工作。在接下来的十年里,库里克稳步攀升,从CNN的任务编辑到迈阿密和华盛顿特区当地电视台的直播记者,再到NBC晚间新闻。这并不总是那么容易。在美国有线电视新闻网(CNN),一位高管在一次编辑会议上羞辱了她,宣布她被录用是因为她的“胸部大小”——但她要求并得到了道歉:“我喜欢把他的坚果夹在老虎钳里的感觉,”她意识到(第39页)。书评
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引用次数: 0
Considering Community-Centered Journalism in the New Media Landscape 新媒体环境下以社区为中心的新闻研究
IF 1 Q3 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-12-29 DOI: 10.1177/19312431221149703
Amanda B. Womac
Inspired by the Hutchins’ Commission 1947 report on the freedom of the press, Fred Siebert, Theodore Peterson, and Wilbur Schramm explored the concept of a socially responsible press. Their work to develop the social responsibility theory of media set the stage for 50 years of a theory that holds that the press while enjoying a “privileged position under our government, is obliged to be responsible to society for carrying out certain essential functions of mass communication in contemporary society” (Seibert et al., 1956). The basic premise is that the media have a responsibility to the public, and to an extent democracy, to provide a platform for discourse. In the more than half a decade since the publication of Four Theories, the media landscape has changed, drastically (Bagdikian, 2004). Media became a commodity and the highest bidder won the prize. Social media opened the flood gates for anyone with access to Internet and the idea to voice it. Traditional media outlets are no longer the main source of news for most Americans who use a blend of traditional and new sources to get their information (Pew, 2011). With these dramatic changes, does social responsibility still have a place in the media landscape? Adams-Bloom and Cleary (2009) claim that “although the paradigm shift has occurred, the theoretical writing has not kept pace with the modern reality” (p. 2) and propose a framework based on stakeholder theory to explain the current media landscape—a dual responsibility model—which “allows for an acknowledgment of the financial side of the media business while preserving the editorial integrity that has traditionally been at the root of social responsibility theory” (p. 7). This model focuses on the marketplace and the media outlets, but where are the journalists and the communities they serve? Wenzel (2020) offers another framework that is based on communication infrastructure theory and focuses on building trust between residents, local media outlets, and Book Review
受1947年哈钦斯委员会关于新闻自由的报告的启发,弗雷德·西伯特、西奥多·彼得森和威尔伯·施拉姆探索了对社会负责的新闻的概念。他们发展媒体社会责任理论的工作为一种理论奠定了50年的基础,该理论认为,新闻界在享有“我们政府的特权地位的同时,有义务对社会负责,在当代社会中履行大众传播的某些基本功能”(Seibert et al., 1956)。其基本前提是,媒体对公众负有责任,并在一定程度上实现民主,为言论提供平台。在《四大理论》出版后的五年多时间里,媒体格局发生了巨大的变化(Bagdikian, 2004)。媒体成了一种商品,出价最高的人就能得奖。社交媒体为所有能上网并有想法的人打开了闸门。传统媒体渠道不再是大多数美国人的主要新闻来源,他们使用传统和新来源的混合来获取信息(皮尤,2011)。随着这些戏剧性的变化,社会责任在媒体领域还有一席之地吗?Adams-Bloom和Cleary(2009)声称“尽管范式转变已经发生,理论写作没有跟上现代现实”(第2页),并提出了一个基于利益相关者理论的框架来解释当前的媒体格局——双重责任模型,该模型“允许承认媒体业务的财务方面,同时保留传统上作为社会责任理论基础的编辑完整性”(第7页)。该模型关注市场和媒体渠道。但记者和他们服务的社区在哪里?Wenzel(2020)提供了另一个基于通信基础设施理论的框架,重点是在居民、当地媒体和书评之间建立信任
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引用次数: 0
PTSD in the News: Media Framing, Stigma, and Myths About Mental Illness 新闻中的创伤后应激障碍:关于精神疾病的媒体框架、污名和神话
IF 1 Q3 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-12-25 DOI: 10.1177/19312431221146757
Scott Parrott
News media are an important source of information about mental health. The present study examined how 16 news organizations in the United States portrayed Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in 880 posts on the social media platform Twitter between 2013 and 2021. Coders examined the frequency with which news organizations employed stigmatizing and counter-stigmatizing frames to communicate news about PTSD. Journalists often stigmatized PTSD, associating the condition with military veterans and violence. Less common, but still present, were frames in which readers received educational information about PTSD or encountered someone affected by PTSD. Practical and theoretical implications are discussed.
新闻媒体是心理健康信息的重要来源。本研究调查了2013年至2021年期间,美国16家新闻机构如何在社交媒体平台推特上的880条帖子中描述创伤后应激障碍。编码员研究了新闻机构使用污名化和反污名化框架来传播PTSD新闻的频率。记者们常常把PTSD与退伍军人和暴力联系在一起,给它贴上污名。不太常见,但仍然存在的框架是,读者接受有关创伤后应激障碍的教育信息或遇到受创伤后应激障碍影响的人。讨论了实际意义和理论意义。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of Job Risks on Job Performance and Propensity to Quit Journalism Among Television Camerapersons Covering Conflicts in Nigeria 工作风险对尼日利亚冲突电视摄影师工作表现和退出新闻业倾向的影响
IF 1 Q3 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-12-05 DOI: 10.1177/19312431221143316
V. C. Gever, F. Talabi, J. K. Okunade, A. Aiyesimoju, B. Sanusi, S. Bello, Oberiri Destiny Apuke
This study examined the impact of job risks on job performance and the propensity to quit journalism among 576 TV camerapersons covering insecurity in Nigeria. The result of the study showed a significant main effect of job risks on job performance, F(2,548) = 241.016, p = .001, eta squared, ηp2 = .468. Also, career longevity significantly affects the relationship between job risks and performance, F(1,548) = 28.372, p = .001. Despite attaining statistical significance, the degree of the relationship was low, ηp2 = .049. A significant statistical relationship exists between job risks and the propensity to quit journalism among TV camerapersons. A further breakdown of the result showed that the more educated, the more propensity to quit journalism and vice versa. Finally, expected rewards such as career advancement, finance, commendations, and passion for journalism are why TV camerapersons have continued to cover security issues despite the known risks involved.
这项研究调查了工作风险对工作表现的影响,以及576名在尼日利亚报道不安全局势的电视摄影师的辞职倾向。研究结果显示,工作风险对工作绩效有显著的主效应,F(2548) = 241.016, p =。平方,ηp2 =。468。此外,职业寿命显著影响工作风险与绩效的关系,F(1548) = 28.372, p = .001。尽管达到了统计学意义,但相关程度较低,ηp2 = 0.049。在电视摄影师中,工作风险与辞职倾向之间存在显著的统计关系。进一步分析结果显示,受教育程度越高,越倾向于退出新闻业,反之亦然。最后,预期的回报,如职业晋升、财务、表彰和对新闻的热情,是电视摄影师不顾已知风险继续报道安全问题的原因。
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引用次数: 0
The Hierarchy of Influences Model, National Culture, Human Development, and Journalism Influences 影响层次模型、民族文化、人类发展与新闻影响
IF 1 Q3 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-12-05 DOI: 10.1177/19312431221140920
Steve J. Collins, William Kinnally, Jennifer A. Sandoval
This study examines how social systems level variables may help shape broadcast journalists’ perceptions of the forces influencing their work. We combined Worlds of Journalism Study data with Hofstede's cultural orientations to consider how the levels of the hierarchical influences model may coalesce. In six analyses across four levels, culture was significantly correlated with perceived influences. Our findings support the belief the social systems level is the hegemonic level on which the other levels rest.
本研究考察了社会系统层面的变量如何有助于塑造广播记者对影响其工作的力量的看法。我们将《新闻世界研究》的数据与Hofstede的文化取向相结合,以考虑层次影响模型的水平如何结合。在四个层次的六个分析中,文化与感知影响显著相关。我们的研究结果支持了社会制度层面是其他层面所依赖的霸权层面的观点。
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引用次数: 0
Examining Podcast Listeners’ Perceptions of the Journalistic Functions of Podcasts 调查播客听众对播客新闻功能的认知
IF 1 Q3 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-11-16 DOI: 10.1177/19312431221137650
Kelsey N. Whipple, Ivy Ashe, Lourdes Cueva Chacón
Podcasting is a well-established medium with a rapidly growing audience but no established ethical standards or professional practices across a wide variety of genres. Through a representative national survey of American internet users (n = 1,025), this research examined how much podcast listeners (n = 529) trust podcasts as a source of news and how they evaluate their journalistic merit. Podcast listeners trust podcasts less than most other sources of information, with the exception of online news and satirical news programs. And though listeners agree that podcasting is a form of journalism, a way to stay informed about news and current events, and a valuable source of information, they’re more skeptical of podcasts when comparing them to traditional news sources of information. Age is the only demographic category that predicts listening frequency.
播客是一个成熟的媒体,拥有快速增长的受众,但没有建立道德标准或各种类型的专业实践。通过对美国互联网用户(n = 1025)进行的一项具有代表性的全国调查,该研究调查了播客听众(n = 529)对播客作为新闻来源的信任程度,以及他们如何评估播客的新闻价值。除了在线新闻和讽刺新闻节目外,播客听众对播客的信任度低于其他大多数信息来源。尽管听众同意播客是一种新闻形式,一种了解新闻和时事的方式,也是一种有价值的信息来源,但与传统的新闻信息来源相比,他们对播客更持怀疑态度。年龄是唯一能预测收听频率的人口统计类别。
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引用次数: 1
Testing the Impact of Masking Identity in News Accounts on Perceptions of Organizations and Risks 检验新闻报道中的蒙面身份对组织和风险感知的影响
IF 1 Q3 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-11-07 DOI: 10.1177/19312431221134722
Patric R. Spence, Kenneth A. Lachlan, Renee Kaufmann
The blurring of faces and masking of voices are common news production techniques, typically to conceal the identity of individuals providing information. However, little is known about the impact of these masking techniques on audience perceptions, especially in the context of organizational wrongdoing and public risk. Drawing from Exemplification Theory, the current study examined the effect of blurring and voice masking on risk perceptions, opinions of a culpable organization, and desire for additional information about the risk. Risk perceptions were greater when masking cues were applied, as were behavioral intention to avoid the risk in focus. These cues did not impact the perceptions of how widespread similar risks are, nor did they effect respondents’ perceptions of the organization responsible. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed, along with the need for future research examining the use of and effects of identity masking on audience perceptions.
人脸模糊和声音掩蔽是常见的新闻制作技术,通常是为了隐藏提供信息的个人的身份。然而,人们对这些掩盖技术对受众感知的影响知之甚少,特别是在组织不法行为和公共风险的背景下。根据例证理论,目前的研究考察了模糊和声音掩蔽对风险感知、对有罪组织的看法以及对风险额外信息的渴望的影响。当使用掩蔽线索时,风险感知更大,避免焦点风险的行为意图也更大。这些线索并不影响对类似风险的普遍程度的看法,也不影响受访者对责任组织的看法。讨论了理论和实践意义,以及未来研究检查身份掩盖对受众感知的使用和影响的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Virtual Reality News Presentation on News Learning 虚拟现实新闻呈现对新闻学习的影响
IF 1 Q3 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-10-19 DOI: 10.1177/19312431221133494
Wai Han Lo, B. Cheng, Shiqi Wang
This is the first study in which the effects of viewing VR/360-degree video with and without a Cardboard device on news learning outcomes are examined. Cognitive load theory and the dual-coding hypothesis were adopted as the theoretical framework. An experiment was performed with 213 participants watching news clips. The findings show that the participants learned news information better from normal broadcast video or when they watched VR/360-degree video without a Cardboard device than when they watched VR/360-degree video with a Cardboard device. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
这是第一项研究,研究了使用和不使用纸板设备观看VR/360度视频对新闻学习结果的影响。采用认知负荷理论和双重编码假说作为理论框架。213名参与者观看了一项实验。研究结果表明,与使用Cardboard设备观看VR/360度视频相比,参与者从正常广播视频或在没有Cardboard设备的情况下观看VR/390度视频时更好地学习新闻信息。讨论了这些发现的理论和实践意义。
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引用次数: 1
Addressing Racism, Politics and the Pivotal 2018 Midterm Point: Social Network Analysis of Black Lives Matter Twitter Discourse 应对种族主义、政治和2018年中期关键点:黑人生命攸关推特话语的社交网络分析
IF 1 Q3 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-09-19 DOI: 10.1177/19312431221125761
Benjamin LaPoe, Victoria L. LaPoe, Candi S. Carter Olson, B. Hazarika, Allyson Woellert
This study examines Twitter data collected by Netlytic building up to the 2018 midterm election date as well as one month after. We conducted a social network analysis and a semantic textual analysis of the data. Prior research on network discourse of Black Lives Matter, a social movement organically created from a hashtag on social media following the acquittal of Trayvon Martin's killer George Zimmerman, found Black victims of police brutality and systemic racism were victim blamed. This present study maps tweets, showing communication networks formed around Black Lives Matter and what the networks communicated. Through our analysis, eight distinct virtual community networks emerged.
这项研究调查了Netlytic在2018年中期选举前以及一个月后收集的推特数据。我们对数据进行了社交网络分析和语义文本分析。之前对“黑人的命也是命”(Black Lives Matter)网络话语的研究发现,警察暴行和系统性种族主义的黑人受害者受到了受害者的指责。本研究绘制了推特地图,显示了围绕“黑人的命也是命”形成的通信网络以及这些网络的通信内容。通过我们的分析,出现了八个不同的虚拟社区网络。
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引用次数: 1
Media and Mass Shootings: Field Theory in CNN News Coverage of the Columbine High School and Parkland High School Mass Shootings 媒体和大规模枪击事件:美国有线电视新闻网对科伦拜恩高中和帕克兰高中大规模枪击事件报道的场论
IF 1 Q3 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.1177/19312431221111380
H. Hume, G. Perreault
Through discourse analysis, this article seeks to compare the cable news coverage of the Columbine High School shooting and the Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School shooting (n = 81) in the first two days of coverage using field theory, with CNN broadcast transcripts as the unit of analysis. The research showed that the shooter was the dominant shaping force in the CNN discourse in both school shooting events.
本文试图通过话语分析,运用场域理论对哥伦拜恩高中枪击案和马乔里·斯通曼·道格拉斯高中枪击案(n = 81)报道前两天的有线新闻报道进行比较,并以CNN的直播文字记录为分析单位。研究表明,在这两起校园枪击事件中,枪手都是CNN话语的主导塑造力量。
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引用次数: 0
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