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Psychological contributions to advancing global health. 促进全球健康的心理贡献。
IF 1.8 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1037/tps0000354
J. Swim
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引用次数: 0
Does outcome bias trump political tribalism? 结果偏见胜过政治部落主义吗?
IF 1.8 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1037/tps0000333
Ivo Gyurovski, E. Lester
Outcome bias occurs when people evaluate decision quality based on the outcome rather than the intentions of the decision maker. We replicate these findings and extend them to the realms of policy and politics. Approximately equal numbers of Republicans and Democrats judged policy decisions aimed at ameliorating the deleterious effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. We manipulated the affiliation of the decider (Republican vs. Democrat) and the aim of the policy (benefits health vs. benefits the economy;benefits health but hurts the economy vs. benefits the economy but hurts health). The results revealed that policy decisions aimed at addressing health problems or aimed at repairing the economy without negative externalities in other spheres of life were evaluated solely as a function of outcome in which successful outcomes generated significantly greater quality ratings than failures. However, judgments of policy decisions aimed at helping one sphere of life but hurting another (i.e., business closures) were qualified by significant interactions with the political party affiliation of the decision maker and that of the participant. Republicans' responses show evidence for outcome bias while favoring Republican deciders. In contrast, Democrats exhibited a greater degree of outcome bias while favoring decisions that prioritized health over the economy relative to decisions that prioritized the economy over health. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) Impact Statement What is the significance of this article for the general public?-Even though the COVID-19 pandemic is a health problem, a large proportion of people treated it as a political issue for which voters' political affiliation determined their response to the pandemic. Dealing effectively with the pandemic requires a unified response in a situation where health and the economy are frequently at loggerheads. Here we examined how voters think about policy decisions that aimed to address either public health or economic concerns stemming from the pandemic. In half of the cases, policies aimed at addressing one issue were detrimental to another. In general, people judge policy decisions as a function of their outcomes;however, they are more likely to be influenced by their political considerations when policies addressing one issue end up being detrimental to another. Specifically, Republicans' responses show evidence for outcome bias while favoring Republican deciders. In contrast, Democrats exhibited a greater degree of outcome bias while favoring decisions that prioritized health over the economy relative to decisions that prioritized the economy over health. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
当人们根据结果而不是决策者的意图来评估决策质量时,就会出现结果偏差。我们复制了这些发现,并将其扩展到政策和政治领域。大约同等数量的共和党人和民主党人判断旨在缓解新冠肺炎疫情有害影响的政策决定。我们操纵了决策者的隶属关系(共和党与民主党)和政策目标(有益健康与有益经济;有益健康但损害经济与有益经济但损害健康)。结果表明,旨在解决健康问题或旨在在生活其他领域不产生负外部性的情况下修复经济的政策决定仅作为结果的函数进行评估,其中成功的结果产生的质量评级明显高于失败的结果。然而,对旨在帮助一个生活领域但伤害另一个领域(即企业倒闭)的政策决策的判断,是通过与决策者和参与者的政党关系进行重大互动来确定的。共和党人的回应显示了结果偏见的证据,同时支持共和党的决策者。相比之下,民主党人表现出更大程度的结果偏见,同时支持将健康置于经济之上的决策,而不是将经济置于健康之上的决策。(PsycInfo数据库记录(c)2023 APA,保留所有权利)影响声明这篇文章对公众的意义是什么-尽管新冠肺炎大流行是一个健康问题,但很大一部分人将其视为一个政治问题,选民的政治派别决定了他们对大流行的反应。在卫生和经济经常发生冲突的情况下,有效应对疫情需要统一应对。在这里,我们研究了选民如何看待旨在解决疫情引发的公共卫生或经济问题的政策决定。在一半的情况下,旨在解决一个问题的政策对另一个问题不利。一般来说,人们根据政策决定的结果来判断政策决定;然而,当解决一个问题的政策最终对另一个问题不利时,他们更有可能受到政治考虑的影响。具体来说,共和党人的回应显示了结果偏见的证据,同时支持共和党的决策者。相比之下,民主党人表现出更大程度的结果偏见,同时支持将健康置于经济之上的决策,而不是将经济置于健康之上的决策。(PsycInfo数据库记录(c)2023 APA,保留所有权利)
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引用次数: 0
Lessons for the future: Supporting the social-emotional needs of children, families, and educators in Head Start during the COVID-19 pandemic. 未来的教训:在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间,支持儿童、家庭和教育工作者的社会情感需求。
IF 1.8 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1037/tps0000335
H. C. Silver, Katherine M. Zinsser
From the earliest days of the shelter-in-place orders issued in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, psychologists warned of the deleterious impact such social isolation could have on young children's social-emotional development. Early childhood education programs, especially those serving low-income and marginalized communities who were hit especially hard by the pandemic, played a critical role in providing support and resources to young families. The federally funded early childhood program, Head Start/Early Head Start (HS/EHS) was particularly well-positioned to aid in this effort. As the pandemic interrupted classroom-based and in-person activities, resourceful HS/EHS programs continued to support children and families in novel ways. This study aimed to capture this creativity and resourcefulness with the intention of carrying lessons forward to improve practice and response to future crises. HS/EHS center directors (N = 20) were purposefully sampled in collaboration with community partners and were interviewed at two time points (August/September 2020 and November 2020) to capture their program's practices before, during, and after shutdowns. Findings from this study can inform the ongoing conversation about what postpandemic early childhood education should look like and how best to meet the social-emotional needs of children, families, and educators. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) Impact Statement What is the significance of this article for the general public?-This study qualitatively captures the experiences of Head Start/Early Head Start directors as they continued to support children's social-emotional development throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings from this research inform ongoing national conversations around lessons learned for children, families, and educators in a postpandemic world. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
从为应对新冠肺炎疫情而发布庇护令的最初几天起,心理学家就警告说,这种社会隔离可能会对幼儿的社会情感发展产生有害影响。幼儿教育项目,特别是那些为受疫情影响特别严重的低收入和边缘化社区服务的项目,在为年轻家庭提供支持和资源方面发挥了关键作用。由联邦政府资助的幼儿计划“领先/早期领先”(HS/EHS)在帮助这项工作方面处于特别有利的地位。随着疫情中断了课堂和面对面的活动,足智多谋的HS/EHS计划继续以新颖的方式支持儿童和家庭。本研究旨在捕捉这种创造力和足智多谋,以期吸取教训,改进实践并应对未来危机。与社区合作伙伴合作,有目的地对HS/EHS中心主任(N=20)进行抽样,并在两个时间点(2020年8月/9月和2020年11月)进行访谈,以了解其项目在停工前、停工期间和停工后的做法。这项研究的发现可以为正在进行的关于疫情后幼儿教育应该是什么样子以及如何最好地满足儿童、家庭和教育工作者的社会情感需求的对话提供信息。(PsycInfo数据库记录(c)2023 APA,保留所有权利)影响声明这篇文章对公众的意义是什么-这项研究定性地捕捉了在新冠肺炎大流行期间,Head Start/Early Head Start董事继续支持儿童社会情感发展的经验。这项研究的发现为正在进行的关于疫情后世界中儿童、家庭和教育工作者的经验教训的全国对话提供了信息。(PsycInfo数据库记录(c)2023 APA,保留所有权利)
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引用次数: 0
Psychology and the pandemic: Introduction to the special issue. 心理学与流行病:特刊导言。
IF 1.8 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1037/tps0000339
Steven Taylor, Melanie B Arenson, Leanna Kalinowski, Natalie Schwob, K. Shin
This special issue of Translational Issues in Psychological Science presents a series of articles highlighting the many roles played by psychological factors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Several themes are explored in this special issue, including discrimination, risk perception, cognitive biases, stress and coping mechanisms, pandemic-related mental health problems, and treatment issues for underserved and other special populations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
本期《心理科学中的转化问题》特刊发表了一系列文章,重点介绍了心理因素在新冠肺炎大流行期间发挥的许多作用。本特刊探讨了几个主题,包括歧视、风险认知、认知偏见、压力和应对机制、与疫情相关的心理健康问题,以及服务不足和其他特殊人群的治疗问题。(PsycInfo数据库记录(c)2023 APA,保留所有权利)
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引用次数: 0
Differences in depression, anxiety, and coping in emerging adults prior to versus during the COVID-19 pandemic. 新冠肺炎大流行前和大流行期间新兴成年人在抑郁、焦虑和应对方面的差异。
IF 1.8 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1037/tps0000310
Morgan M. Taylor, Jennifer J. Wicks, Alyssa N. Fassett-Carman, Hannah R. Snyder
Anxiety and depression symptoms were documented at high levels during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially for emerging adults. However, most of the research thus far has lacked prepandemic longitudinal or well-matched comparison samples, and cannot determine the extent to which the pandemic increased internalizing symptoms in this population. Additionally, more research is necessary to understand which types of emotion regulation (ER) strategies were used in the pandemic, as these strategies are tightly linked to psychopathology risk and resilience. The current study tested for differences in depression and anxiety symptoms and ER strategy use in emerging adults between a typical prepandemic college semester, and the beginning of the pandemic in the U.S. (April 2020). Results showed higher depression and anxiety symptoms, as well as significant changes in ER strategies, during the pandemic compared to prepandemic levels in well-matched independent samples (N = 324) and a longitudinal sample (n = 54). Planning, positive reappraisal, and self-blame decreased, while catastrophizing and other-blame increased during the pandemic across samples. These findings demonstrate significant increases in internalizing symptoms for emerging adults during the COVID-19 pandemic and provide important insights on how this population coped with the pandemic. The study was limited by examining levels at the beginning of the pandemic and cannot determine if such levels were maintained or fluctuated across the pandemic. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) Impact Statement What is the significance of this article for the general public?-The present study demonstrates increases in depression and anxiety symptoms among emerging adults along with changes in emotion regulation strategy use during the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings highlight potential coping profiles to target in counseling and interventions to minimize the negative impacts of salient, life-altering stressors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
在新冠肺炎大流行期间,焦虑和抑郁症状被记录为高水平,尤其是对新兴成年人。然而,到目前为止,大多数研究都缺乏大流行前的纵向或匹配良好的比较样本,无法确定大流行在多大程度上增加了这一人群的内化症状。此外,有必要进行更多的研究,以了解在疫情中使用了哪些类型的情绪调节(ER)策略,因为这些策略与精神病理学风险和复原力密切相关。目前的研究测试了从典型的疫情前大学学期到美国疫情开始(2020年4月),新兴成年人在抑郁和焦虑症状以及ER策略使用方面的差异。结果显示,在匹配良好的独立样本(N=324)和纵向样本(N=54)中,与疫情前水平相比,疫情期间抑郁和焦虑症状更高,ER策略也发生了显著变化。规划、积极的重新评估和自责减少了,而在疫情期间,样本中的灾难性和其他指责增加了。这些发现表明,在新冠肺炎大流行期间,新出现的成年人的内在症状显著增加,并为这一人群如何应对大流行提供了重要见解。这项研究受到了疫情初期水平检查的限制,无法确定在整个疫情期间这些水平是否保持或波动。(PsycInfo数据库记录(c)2023 APA,保留所有权利)影响声明这篇文章对公众的意义是什么-本研究表明,在新冠肺炎大流行期间,新兴成年人的抑郁和焦虑症状增加,情绪调节策略的使用也发生了变化。这些发现突出了咨询和干预中潜在的应对模式,以最大限度地减少显著的、改变生活的压力源的负面影响。(PsycInfo数据库记录(c)2023 APA,保留所有权利)
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引用次数: 1
Making meaning of COVID-19: An exploratory analysis of U.S. adolescent experiences of the pandemic. 解读COVID-19:对美国青少年大流行经历的探索性分析
IF 1.8 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.1037/tps0000326
Gabriel M. Velez, Madeline Hahn, Brian Troyer
The COVID-19 pandemic will mark the lives and trajectories of adolescents who lived through it. The pandemic upended social contexts, disrupted schools, and, for many, impacted the physical, financial, and psychosocial health of themselves, their families, and their communities. Contextual changes, however, are not solely deterministic of developmental outcomes. As Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory and Spencer's Phenomenological Variant of the Ecological Systems Theory demonstrate, young people interpret, make meaning, and respond to socioecological contexts as part of their developmental processes. The current study explored meaning making qualitatively through how adolescents in the United States were experiencing COVID-19. Participants were asked via an online survey about their emotions, how they felt COVID-19 was impacting them, and challenges in their lives. Participants (N = 816, mean 15.86 years old) came from 18 states and responded between April and June 2020. Thematic analyses identified 3 themes related to experiences of shifting socioecological context: inadequacy of virtual means of communication;interconnection of daily routines, social life, and mental health;and missing out on key experiences and milestones. Limited socializing fed into emotional responses and connected to the disruption of everyday life. Further analysis focused on Latino/a participants per the pandemic's disproportionate impact on Latinx communities and 2 subgroups by location that had experienced differential extremes of COVID-19 rates during this timeframe. These analyses allowed for examination of different patterns based on socioecological contexts. Translational impacts for those working with young people include considering their processing of the varied and expansive socioecological shifts caused by COVID-19. What is the significance of this article for the general public? The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the social, physical, and educational development of adolescents. The present study explores how these young people interpret and respond to the changes and challenges they face during this time. The analyses of their perspectives highlight the need for individuals and institutions who work with youth to support young people in reforming social connections (particularly beyond technological means) and reimagining and reframing future trajectories.
2019冠状病毒病大流行将在经历疫情的青少年的生活和轨迹上留下印记。大流行颠覆了社会环境,扰乱了学校,对许多人来说,影响了他们自己、家人和社区的身体、经济和心理健康。然而,环境变化并不是决定发育结果的唯一因素。正如布朗芬布伦纳的生态系统理论和斯宾塞的生态系统理论现象学变体所表明的那样,年轻人解释、创造意义和回应社会生态环境是他们发展过程的一部分。目前的研究通过美国青少年如何经历COVID-19来定性地探讨意义。参与者通过一项在线调查被问及他们的情绪、他们认为COVID-19对他们的影响以及他们生活中的挑战。参与者(N = 816,平均15.86岁)来自18个州,并在2020年4月至6月期间做出回应。专题分析确定了与不断变化的社会生态背景经验相关的3个主题:虚拟通信手段的不足;日常生活、社会生活和心理健康的相互联系;以及错过关键经验和里程碑。有限的社交活动助长了情绪反应,并与日常生活的中断有关。进一步的分析侧重于拉丁裔/非裔参与者,根据大流行对拉丁裔社区的不成比例的影响,以及在此时间段内经历了不同极端COVID-19发病率的2个按地点划分的亚组。这些分析允许对基于社会生态背景的不同模式进行检查。对那些与年轻人一起工作的人的转化影响包括考虑他们处理COVID-19引起的各种广泛的社会生态变化。这篇文章对大众的意义是什么?新冠肺炎大流行扰乱了青少年的社交、身体和教育发展。本研究探讨了这些年轻人如何解释和应对他们在此期间面临的变化和挑战。对他们观点的分析强调,与青年合作的个人和机构需要支持年轻人改革社会关系(特别是超越技术手段),重新设想和重新规划未来的轨迹。
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引用次数: 10
Communities living with chronic environmental contamination: Leveraging interdisciplinarity to address environmental justice issues. 长期环境污染的社区:利用跨学科解决环境正义问题。
IF 1.8 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.1037/tps0000338
Harrison J. Schmitt, Daniel Sullivan
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引用次数: 1
Building diverse climate coalitions: The pitfalls and promise of equity- and identity-based messaging. 建立多样化的气候联盟:基于公平和身份的信息传递的陷阱和前景。
IF 1.8 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.1037/tps0000336
Corinne G. Tsai, Adam R. Pearson
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引用次数: 0
Supplemental Material for Testing the Differential Effects of Death Anxiety and Death Reflection on Proenvironmental Outcomes 用于测试死亡焦虑和死亡反思对环保结果的差异影响的补充材料
IF 1.8 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-06-23 DOI: 10.1037/tps0000334.supp
Joe Guerriero, J. Swim
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引用次数: 0
Culturally responsive scalable mental health interventions: A call to action. 响应文化的可扩展精神卫生干预措施:行动呼吁。
IF 1.8 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-06-23 DOI: 10.1037/tps0000319
Jordan C. Alvarez, Sydney Waitz-Kudla, Cassidy Brydon, Eric S Crosby, Tracy K. Witte
For decades, the field of psychology has been calling for culturally responsive interventions, developed with and for diverse populations. COVID-19 has highlighted the utility of digital and scalable minimally guided mental health interventions for helping individuals who lack access to or desire traditional face-to-face services. However, many of these interventions lack research that supports their efficacy. Moreover, the interventions with empirical support tend to derive that support from studies with small sample sizes and limited diversity. These limitations may lend to more cultural mistrust regarding mental health services in communities that are already underserved. In this paper we argue for specific considerations when developing and adapting minimally guided digital scalable mental health interventions as well as propose some frameworks that may be helpful for those developing and adapting these interventions.
几十年来,心理学领域一直在呼吁与不同人群一起发展并为不同人群服务的文化响应性干预措施。COVID-19凸显了数字和可扩展的最低限度指导精神卫生干预措施在帮助无法获得或希望获得传统面对面服务的个人方面的效用。然而,许多这些干预措施缺乏支持其有效性的研究。此外,具有经验支持的干预措施往往从样本量小、多样性有限的研究中获得支持。这些限制可能会导致对已经服务不足的社区的精神卫生服务产生更多的文化不信任。在本文中,我们讨论了开发和适应最低指导的数字可扩展心理健康干预措施时的具体考虑因素,并提出了一些可能有助于开发和适应这些干预措施的框架。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
Translational Issues in Psychological Science
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