Revista Espanola de Sanidad Penitenciaria最新文献

Introduction: The aging of the world population is reflected in the penitentiary setting, with a progressive increase of elderly inmates. These prisoners present complex clinical processes with multiple comorbidities, and require a specialized approach. However, resources have not yet been adapted to the unique characteristics of this vulnerable subpopulation. The aim of this review is to highlight the relevance of psychogeriatrics in prison, detecting the most prevalent diseases and outlining the needs of elderly inmates.

Material and method: Narrative review through databases of those studies that analyze psychopathologies among inmates over 50.

Results: Elderly inmates present a high prevalence of substance use (especially alcohol), affective symptoms (depression) and cognitive deterioration. A significant presence of personality disorders, anxiety, post-traumatic disorders, psychotic disorders, and physical comorbidities is also observed, with rates higher than among young convicts and the general geriatric population. There is a higher prevalence for any diagnosis amongst women, mainly for affective disorders.

Discussion: Prisoners over 50 have a different profile from other prison population. They suffer from more physical and mental illnesses, and so require specific health and social approaches. It would be advisable to adapt clinical care by optimizing resources, developing prison psychogeriatrics and establishing specific assessment and treatment methods.

Objectives: Working with prison inmates involves constant contact with a stigmatized population, in hostile conditions where the working environment facilitates burnout syndrome among prison workers. The objective of this study is to carry out a bibliographic review to find pioneering and current publications, recognize the authors specializing in the subject and identify the most common findings of their research.

Material and method: The tree of science (ToS) reference search method was used, which applies an analysis of data networks to find the most relevant scientific articles on a specific topic, in this case burnout syndrome. This tool shows the results in the form of a tree, where the root is formed by the classic publications, the trunk for the ones that have shaped the subject and the leaves are the most recent articles.

Results: We found 140 published documents. The ToS selected 92 articles. The studies contained in the three parts of the ToS were analyzed; some of the determining factors were related to organizational structure, participation in decision-making, satisfaction and commitment to work, and lack of service and programs to help with depression or other mental conditions.

Discussion: Some factors related to the work that these workers do, combined with the organizational shortages present in prisons, impose stress that leads to burnout syndrome in these employees. To reduce the syndrome, structural changes are needed in the institutions, as well as the strengthening of personal and professional skills and the social integration of prison workers.

Objectives: This cross-sectional study was carried out to identify the associations between working and health conditions among prison officers at a state prison in Paraná, Brazil.

Material and method: A proportional and stratified random sample of 125 individuals was used. The participants, who were not identified, completed a self-administered questionnaire.

Results: The results showed a prevalence of minor psychiatric disorders (MPD) of 30.4% (95%CI: 22.4-39.2). A total of 17.9% of the respondents had persistent stress (95%CI: 12.2-25.2), 66.4 had up to five health-related complaints (95%CI: 58.4-75.2) and 9.6% had scores that indicated higher risk for alcohol abuse and/or dependance (95%CI:4.8-16.0). Multivariate analyses showed that with an MPD outcome, health problems (p<0.01), physical environment (p=0.013) and organizational risks (p<0.01) were significant predictors. Persistent stress was predicted by age (p=0.031), health problems (p<0.01) and organizational risks (p=0.023), while health complaints were associated with health problems (p<0.01) and physical environment (p<0.01). There were no significant predictors for higher risk for alcohol abuse and/or dependance.

Discussion: In general, the results demonstrate the precarious nature of the work of prison officers, and reveal the importance of further studies to evaluate whether this is a specific reality of the unit that was investigated, or whether these results are common in other prison environments.

Introduction: Oral health care directly impacts the well-being of incarcerated women. It is related to the quality of life, social and economic discrepancies and lack of access to programs that offer free dental services and health promotion for this population.

Objectives: This work aimed to understand oral health challenges faced by women incarcerated in Brazil and worldwide.

Material and method: The following databases were selected: EMBASE, (Virtual Health Library=LILACS+BDENF), Scielo, Scopus, Cochrane-Library and the PubMed search engine. These databases were searched until the closing date of October 2021 with no time limit for the searches. The key words used in the searches were "incarceration", "prison", "woman", and "oral health".

Results: Caries, periodontal disease, tooth pain, and the use of dental prostheses were the most prevalent oral health conditions amongst incarcerated women in Brazil and worldwide. Regarding the level of scientific evidence, the included articles fit level III, according to Melnyk and Fineout.

Discussion: Bearing in mind the limitations of the study, oral diseases in the global context showed that the quality of life related to oral and systemic health of women during and after incarceration was negatively affected. It is also essential for further clinical and follow-up studies to be carried out on incarcerated women that address their actual oral health needs.

Aim: Prisoners are at risk from a range of health related problems, caused by a number of factors. This study was conducted to assess the impact of incarceration on oral health among the prisoners of Haridwar District Jail, Uttarakhand state.

Material and method: A total of 573 inmates (534 males and 39 females) comprised the total study population. Oral health was examined with the Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth (DMFT) index, and by measuring pocket depth (PD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL).

Results: The age of the study participants ranged between 18 to 90 years with a mean age of 46.14 ± 15.29 years. The overall mean DMFT score was 5.40±6.49, with a prevalence of 77%. A significant difference (P=0.001) was found when the mean score of DMFT was compared to the period of incarceration, where the highest mean score was 6.97±7.69 for 5-10 years.

Discussion: There was a significant difference found for DMFT among inmates based on a period of incarceration. Gender and period of incarceration had no significant impact on the severity of periodontal diseases among jail inmates. Longitudinal studies are required to find out the causal association between incarceration and oral health. Comprehensive and timely oral health care is required for this vulnerable population.

Conclusion: The level of oral disease among jail inmates was high. There was a significant difference for DMFT among inmates based on the period of incarceration.

Objectives: Professionals who work in prisons present high levels of chronic stress that affect their daily performance and health. The incorporation of training workshops on emotional regulation and stress coping strategies from a psycho-body approach could have a positive impact on their well-being. This article presents an exploratory study that analyzes chronic stress, emotional repertoire and body awareness, of a sample of 15 professionals from a prison, together with the effect produced by an intervention through training workshops with Dance Movement Therapy.

Material and method: A mixed methodology with a pretest-posttest design was used. The variables of burnout, engagement, emotional repertoire and body awareness were measured. With the information obtained from a participatory focus group, a six-hour body awareness program was designed and implemented, during which participants completed reflective diaries for subsequent analysis.

Results: High levels of stress and low body awareness were found. Qualitative analysis generated evidence for improvements in body awareness and the incorporation of coping strategies based on listening to body sensations and emotional regulation. Pre-post test analysis for a subsample (n = 4) of the total showed improvements in different subscales, not statistically significant, but with medium effect sizes.

Discussion: Despite the limitations of the study, the results are promising. The participants value the workshop very positively and consider having incorporated tools to cope with work stress.

Objectives: The objective of the study was to verify the strength of association of depression as a comorbidity of diabetes with the presence of six types of disability in the elderly in prison.

Material and method: Cross-sectional association study based on a secondary analysis of the 2016 Peru National Penitentiary Census. The population were older adults, who were held in prisons in Peru. Inmates 60 years of age or older, and both sexes were included. The response variables were the six types of permanent disability. The exposure variables were the self-report of diabetes, depression and the comorbidity of depression with diabetes diagnosed by a health professional. The sample was constituted by 2. 658 older adults.

Results: There was an increase in the probability of presenting the six disabilities analyzed due to the presence of comorbid diabetes with depression (p <0.05). The measure of greatest strength of association is for the disability to relate OR(a) 10.23, followed by the disability to move OR(a) 6.12 and the lowest strength of association found was for the hearing impairment OR(a) 2.80.

Discussion: A significant increase was found in the probability of presenting the six disabilities analyzed due to the presence of comorbid diabetes with depression compared to suffering from only one of these conditions or not suffering from them.

Introduction: During the execution of sentences in prison units, there are deficiencies within the adaptation mechanisms of persons deprived of liberty, this varies depending on the place where they serve the sanction and the length of stay in it.

Objectives: To collect information on the prevalence of mental and behavioural disorders in the prison setting, as well as the importance of early psychiatric intervention.

Material and method: Theoretical review. Primary sources of information: scientific articles from indexed journals, in specialized medical information search engines. Original publications on mental and behavioural disorders in the prison and prison context were included, from 2016 to April 2021, with an analytical, observational, prospective, retrospective, cross-sectional and randomized design, systematic reviews and meta-analyzes, complete articles, carried out in any country, with subjects over 15 years of age, of any sex or gender, in English and Spanish.

Results: 16 articles were included in this theoretical review. The prevalence of mental disorders within the prison population is high; depression, anxiety, substance use and psychotic disorders predominate. The importance of having mental health programmes in prisons, with initial diagnosis and personalized interventions, was observed. The authors recommend psychopharmacological interventions and cognitive behavioural management.

Discussion: The need to restructure the mental health approach in prisons was evidenced, and early diagnosis and personalized follow-up should be guaranteed. Pharmacological intervention and, to a greater degree, cognitive behavioural therapy seem to be effective for these types of patients.