D. Vidojević, M. Manojlović, R. A. Djordjevic, M. Nesic, M. Predic
Correlation between soil organic carbon (SOC) and land use and soil type were investigated in the soils of the Republic of Serbia. The database included a total of 1,140 soil profiles. To establish the correlation between organic carbon content and soil type, a soil map of Serbia was adapted to the WRB classification and divided into 15,437 polygons (map units). The SOC stock values were calculated for each reference soil group based on mean values of SOC at 0-30 and 0-100 cm and their areas. The largest SOC stocks for the soil layers 0-30 cm were found in Cambisol 194.76 x 1012 g and Leptosol 186.43 x 1012 g and for the soil layers 0-100 cm in Cambisol 274.87 x 1012 g and Chernozem 230.43 x 1012 g. Using the Corine Land Cover (CLC) database, the major categories of land use were defined. Based on the obtained mean values of organic carbon content for the soil layers 0-30 and 0-100 cm and the areas indicated by Corine Land Cover categories of land use, the organic carbon stocks in agricultural soil, forest soil, semi-natural areas, and artificial areas were calculated. The correlation of organic carbon stocks and the different land use categories, soil reference group, and soil depth was studied for reference groups that occupy the major part of central Serbia, such as Cambisol (taking up 37.76% of the territory) and Leptosol (22.22% of the territory), and have a sufficient number of sites that were required for this type of analysis.
{"title":"Correlations between soil organic carbon, land use and soil type in Serbia","authors":"D. Vidojević, M. Manojlović, R. A. Djordjevic, M. Nesic, M. Predic","doi":"10.2298/zmspn2038009v","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/zmspn2038009v","url":null,"abstract":"Correlation between soil organic carbon (SOC) and land use and soil type were investigated in the soils of the Republic of Serbia. The database included a total of 1,140 soil profiles. To establish the correlation between organic carbon content and soil type, a soil map of Serbia was adapted to the WRB classification and divided into 15,437 polygons (map units). The SOC stock values were calculated for each reference soil group based on mean values of SOC at 0-30 and 0-100 cm and their areas. The largest SOC stocks for the soil layers 0-30 cm were found in Cambisol 194.76 x 1012 g and Leptosol 186.43 x 1012 g and for the soil layers 0-100 cm in Cambisol 274.87 x 1012 g and Chernozem 230.43 x 1012 g. Using the Corine Land Cover (CLC) database, the major categories of land use were defined. Based on the obtained mean values of organic carbon content for the soil layers 0-30 and 0-100 cm and the areas indicated by Corine Land Cover categories of land use, the organic carbon stocks in agricultural soil, forest soil, semi-natural areas, and artificial areas were calculated. The correlation of organic carbon stocks and the different land use categories, soil reference group, and soil depth was studied for reference groups that occupy the major part of central Serbia, such as Cambisol (taking up 37.76% of the territory) and Leptosol (22.22% of the territory), and have a sufficient number of sites that were required for this type of analysis.","PeriodicalId":30148,"journal":{"name":"Zbornik Matice Srpske za Prirodne Nauke","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68372517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Mitrović, J. Grahovac, J. Dodić, Z. Rončević, M. Grahovac
Apple fruit diseases caused by phytopathogenic species of the genus Alternaria have become current in recent years in Serbia as well as in other parts of the world. Due to the fact that pesticides have a number of side effects on the environment and human health, scientists around the world are concerned with finding alternative ways to control this important food. Usage of microorganisms, optimization of the medium and process conditions for their cultivation and production of biofungicides are the actual research direction. The effect of aeration on biofungicide production by Streptomyces hygroscopicus was studied in a 3 l stirred tank bioreactor using a previously optimized cultivation medium with glycerol as a carbon source. Aeration rates of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 vvm with constant agita?tion speed of 100 rpm were studied. It was found that the greatest production of antifungal metabolites effective against two Alternaria alternata isolates occurred with an aeration of 1.5 vvm and an agitation speed of 100 rpm. Statistical analysis showed that the largest inhi?bition zone diameters of A. alternata KA10 (78 mm) and T1Jg3 (78.67 mm) mycelial growth were achieved under the indicated conditions in 96 h of cultivation.
{"title":"Effect of aeration on production of biofungicide using Streptomyces hygroscopicus","authors":"I. Mitrović, J. Grahovac, J. Dodić, Z. Rončević, M. Grahovac","doi":"10.2298/ZMSPN2039039M","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/ZMSPN2039039M","url":null,"abstract":"Apple fruit diseases caused by phytopathogenic species of the genus Alternaria have become current in recent years in Serbia as well as in other parts of the world. Due to the fact that pesticides have a number of side effects on the environment and human health, scientists around the world are concerned with finding alternative ways to control this important food. Usage of microorganisms, optimization of the medium and process conditions for their cultivation and production of biofungicides are the actual research direction. The effect of aeration on biofungicide production by Streptomyces hygroscopicus was studied in a 3 l stirred tank bioreactor using a previously optimized cultivation medium with glycerol as a carbon source. Aeration rates of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 vvm with constant agita?tion speed of 100 rpm were studied. It was found that the greatest production of antifungal metabolites effective against two Alternaria alternata isolates occurred with an aeration of 1.5 vvm and an agitation speed of 100 rpm. Statistical analysis showed that the largest inhi?bition zone diameters of A. alternata KA10 (78 mm) and T1Jg3 (78.67 mm) mycelial growth were achieved under the indicated conditions in 96 h of cultivation.","PeriodicalId":30148,"journal":{"name":"Zbornik Matice Srpske za Prirodne Nauke","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68372855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Štrbac, Jordana Ninkov, Petar Raicevic, N. Vasić, M. Kašanin-Grubin, G. Gajica, D. Milić
Mercury (Hg) has been listed as a global high priority pollutant by many international organizations due to its mobility and persistence in the environments and high toxicity to organisms. This research was conducted with the aims to determine: (i) total Hg content (THg) and its spatial distribution in sediments of river Tisa along the river course, (ii) possible sources of THg and (iii) degree of THg pollution in sediments from the river Tisa through different criteria. Total Hg in the sediments ranged from 0.07 to 0.49 mg kg-1, with mean ? S.D. value of 0.26 ? 0.10 mg kg-1. The highest mean value of THg (0.30 mg kg-1) was found in the lower stream, while the lowest (0.13 mg kg-1) was found in the tributary. According to Principal Component Analyses (PCA) strong positive loading of metals in all parts of the river Tisa is mainly controlled from the same sources. These sources are related to anthropogenic activities based on calculated Enrichment Factor (EF) values. Total Hg are higher than background value. According to the Republic of Serbia official standard, THg values of river Tisa sediments were within the range of maximum permissible values. Compared with National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) guideline, 80.49% of sediment samples indicated that THg in the river Tisa sediments represented minimal and possible risk towards the living organisms. Integrating the results of pollution assessment, it could be concluded that THg in river Tisa sediments in Serbia demonstrates considerable contamination according to Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo), and Contaminant Factor (CF), and high pollution risk according to Potential Environmental Risk Index (PERI).
{"title":"Mercury pollution of sediments from the river Tisa (Serbia)","authors":"S. Štrbac, Jordana Ninkov, Petar Raicevic, N. Vasić, M. Kašanin-Grubin, G. Gajica, D. Milić","doi":"10.2298/ZMSPN2039073S","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/ZMSPN2039073S","url":null,"abstract":"Mercury (Hg) has been listed as a global high priority pollutant by many international organizations due to its mobility and persistence in the environments and high toxicity to organisms. This research was conducted with the aims to determine: (i) total Hg content (THg) and its spatial distribution in sediments of river Tisa along the river course, (ii) possible sources of THg and (iii) degree of THg pollution in sediments from the river Tisa through different criteria. Total Hg in the sediments ranged from 0.07 to 0.49 mg kg-1, with mean ? S.D. value of 0.26 ? 0.10 mg kg-1. The highest mean value of THg (0.30 mg kg-1) was found in the lower stream, while the lowest (0.13 mg kg-1) was found in the tributary. According to Principal Component Analyses (PCA) strong positive loading of metals in all parts of the river Tisa is mainly controlled from the same sources. These sources are related to anthropogenic activities based on calculated Enrichment Factor (EF) values. Total Hg are higher than background value. According to the Republic of Serbia official standard, THg values of river Tisa sediments were within the range of maximum permissible values. Compared with National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) guideline, 80.49% of sediment samples indicated that THg in the river Tisa sediments represented minimal and possible risk towards the living organisms. Integrating the results of pollution assessment, it could be concluded that THg in river Tisa sediments in Serbia demonstrates considerable contamination according to Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo), and Contaminant Factor (CF), and high pollution risk according to Potential Environmental Risk Index (PERI).","PeriodicalId":30148,"journal":{"name":"Zbornik Matice Srpske za Prirodne Nauke","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68372715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Bogosavljević, M. Stupar, M. Ljaljevic-Grbic, J. Vukojevic
During the field studies on a strictly protected plant species Eranthis hyemalis (winter aconite) in Serbia, it was noticed that certain individuals were infected by some species of parasitic fungus. According to the structure of spermogonia and aecia, as well as distinctive types of spores recorded in infected leaves of winter aconite, the fungus was determined as Leucotelium cerasi, known as a causative agent of rust in E. hyemalis and Prunus species. Although it was first recorded in Serbia in Prunus spinosa as a host (area of Valjevo in 1935), the appearance of this phytopathogen was recorded in foliar tissue of E. hyemalis at four localities in Eastern Serbia, near Knjazevac (Podvis, Golemi Kamen, and Ploca) and Zajecar (Zmijanac). It was concluded that plants in natural populations of host species were infected to a very high degree, as the number of infected plants reached half of the total number of individuals in all studied populations. Further research is neces?sary to determine to what extent this fungus is threatening the survival of host populations and then implement appropriate protection measures.
{"title":"Leucotelium cerasi (Bérenger) Tranzschel 1935, novel pathogen for mycobiota in Serbia","authors":"S. Bogosavljević, M. Stupar, M. Ljaljevic-Grbic, J. Vukojevic","doi":"10.2298/ZMSPN2039029B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/ZMSPN2039029B","url":null,"abstract":"During the field studies on a strictly protected plant species Eranthis hyemalis (winter aconite) in Serbia, it was noticed that certain individuals were infected by some species of parasitic fungus. According to the structure of spermogonia and aecia, as well as distinctive types of spores recorded in infected leaves of winter aconite, the fungus was determined as Leucotelium cerasi, known as a causative agent of rust in E. hyemalis and Prunus species. Although it was first recorded in Serbia in Prunus spinosa as a host (area of Valjevo in 1935), the appearance of this phytopathogen was recorded in foliar tissue of E. hyemalis at four localities in Eastern Serbia, near Knjazevac (Podvis, Golemi Kamen, and Ploca) and Zajecar (Zmijanac). It was concluded that plants in natural populations of host species were infected to a very high degree, as the number of infected plants reached half of the total number of individuals in all studied populations. Further research is neces?sary to determine to what extent this fungus is threatening the survival of host populations and then implement appropriate protection measures.","PeriodicalId":30148,"journal":{"name":"Zbornik Matice Srpske za Prirodne Nauke","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68372747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Zivanov, Srdjan Seremesic, D. Bjelić, J. Marinković, J. Vasin, Jordana Ninkov, S. Milić
The objective of this study was to assess the effect of biochar soil amendment (BSA) on chemical and microbial properties in different agricultural soils in Vojvodina Prov?ince. Short-term pot experiment consisted of five biochar application doses (0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 3%) and five contrasting soil types (Mollic Gleysol, Eutric Cambisol, Calcaric Fluvisol, Gleyic Chernozem, and Haplic Chernozem), planted with sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The examined chemical and microbial properties were significantly influenced by soil type and interaction of experimental factors. Significant influence of biochar on the contents of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), total nitrogen (N), total carbon (C), soil organic carbon (SOC), humus and potassium (K) of the tested soils was observed. Biochar also significantly affected the number of azotobacters (AZB), fungi (FNG), actino?mycetes (ACT) and copiotrophic bacteria (CB). The effect of BSA varied depending on the applied dose, with higher values of the examined chemical and microbial parameters at higher doses of application. Further studies on using biochar in soils with low fertility will be neces?sary to establish its efficiency as an enhancer for agricultural production in Serbia.
{"title":"Response of chemical and microbial properties to short-term biochar amendment in different agricultural soils","authors":"M. Zivanov, Srdjan Seremesic, D. Bjelić, J. Marinković, J. Vasin, Jordana Ninkov, S. Milić","doi":"10.2298/zmspn2038061z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/zmspn2038061z","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to assess the effect of biochar soil amendment (BSA) on chemical and microbial properties in different agricultural soils in Vojvodina Prov?ince. Short-term pot experiment consisted of five biochar application doses (0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 3%) and five contrasting soil types (Mollic Gleysol, Eutric Cambisol, Calcaric Fluvisol, Gleyic Chernozem, and Haplic Chernozem), planted with sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The examined chemical and microbial properties were significantly influenced by soil type and interaction of experimental factors. Significant influence of biochar on the contents of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), total nitrogen (N), total carbon (C), soil organic carbon (SOC), humus and potassium (K) of the tested soils was observed. Biochar also significantly affected the number of azotobacters (AZB), fungi (FNG), actino?mycetes (ACT) and copiotrophic bacteria (CB). The effect of BSA varied depending on the applied dose, with higher values of the examined chemical and microbial parameters at higher doses of application. Further studies on using biochar in soils with low fertility will be neces?sary to establish its efficiency as an enhancer for agricultural production in Serbia.","PeriodicalId":30148,"journal":{"name":"Zbornik Matice Srpske za Prirodne Nauke","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68372271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite the fact that soil organic matter (SOM) concentration is much lower compared to mineral portion, its importance is very valuable for soil fertility, agriculture, ecosystems and global environmental change. Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a key component of SOM. The amount of SOC varies greatly in surface layer of soil, but the vertical distribu?tion of SOC is also very important. The purpose of the study was to investigate vertical distribution of SOC in soil profiles of the most common soil types in Vojvodina (Arenosols, Chernozems, Fluvisols, Vertisols, Solonetz) and in different land uses (arable land, meadow and forest). Soil samples were collected from 0-30, 30-60 and 60-100 cm depth. Dichromate wet oxidation method proposed by Tyurin?s was performed to determine SOC concentration. Except arenosols, obtained results showed the decrease of SOC concentration with depth in all observed soil types and land uses. Vertisols had the highest SOC concentration in both surface (0-30 cm) and subsurface (30-60 cm) layers compared to the other soil types, while arenosols had the highest SOC concentration in the deepest layer (60-100 cm). Higher con?centrations of SOC in surface layers were measured in forests and meadows in relation to arable land, while in the lower layers these differences were not detected. Differences in SOC concentration in observed soil types and land uses were more pronounced in surface than in deeper layers. Soil organic carbon concentrations in deeper layers were substantially different only between soil types.
{"title":"Depth distribution of organic matter concentration and stocks in soils of Vojvodina","authors":"V. Ćirić, M. Manojlović, L. Nešić, M. Belić","doi":"10.2298/zmspn2038019c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/zmspn2038019c","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the fact that soil organic matter (SOM) concentration is much lower compared to mineral portion, its importance is very valuable for soil fertility, agriculture, ecosystems and global environmental change. Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a key component of SOM. The amount of SOC varies greatly in surface layer of soil, but the vertical distribu?tion of SOC is also very important. The purpose of the study was to investigate vertical distribution of SOC in soil profiles of the most common soil types in Vojvodina (Arenosols, Chernozems, Fluvisols, Vertisols, Solonetz) and in different land uses (arable land, meadow and forest). Soil samples were collected from 0-30, 30-60 and 60-100 cm depth. Dichromate wet oxidation method proposed by Tyurin?s was performed to determine SOC concentration. Except arenosols, obtained results showed the decrease of SOC concentration with depth in all observed soil types and land uses. Vertisols had the highest SOC concentration in both surface (0-30 cm) and subsurface (30-60 cm) layers compared to the other soil types, while arenosols had the highest SOC concentration in the deepest layer (60-100 cm). Higher con?centrations of SOC in surface layers were measured in forests and meadows in relation to arable land, while in the lower layers these differences were not detected. Differences in SOC concentration in observed soil types and land uses were more pronounced in surface than in deeper layers. Soil organic carbon concentrations in deeper layers were substantially different only between soil types.","PeriodicalId":30148,"journal":{"name":"Zbornik Matice Srpske za Prirodne Nauke","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68372122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigates the impact of organic matter from Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) on the amount and composition of humus in acid brown soil in a climatoregional beech forest (Fagetum moesiacae montanum B. Jov. 1967 s.l.) on Mt. Maljen. To accomplish this objective, we performed a one-year litterbag decomposition experiment with litterfall from Fagus moesiaca and Pseudotsuga menziesii. The quantitative and qualitative content of humus and the intensity of the decomposition process of organic mat?ter from beech and Douglas fir were analysed. Less humus was found during the experiment under Douglas fir than under autochthonous beech at the control site, as well as a decreasing trend for humus levels and quality (unfavourable chemical composition). It was concluded that these changes, caused by the effects of the clearcutting of beech and, in the future, of Douglas fir, and the slower decomposition of organic matter from Douglas fir will contribute to further degradation of the beech habitat on Mt. Maljen in terms of productivity.
本研究探讨了花旗松(Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.])中有机物质的影响。[Franco]对马尔仁山气候区山毛榉林中酸性棕壤腐殖质的数量和组成的研究(Fagetum moesiacae montanum B. Jov. 1967 s.l.)。为了实现这一目标，我们进行了为期一年的凋落物袋分解实验，实验对象是毛木和孟氏伪杉。有机质腐殖质的定量和定性含量及分解过程的强度?分析了来自山毛榉和花旗松的水分。在试验中，花旗松下的腐殖质比对照地的本土山毛榉少，腐殖质水平和质量(不利的化学成分)呈下降趋势。由此得出结论，这些变化是由于砍伐山毛榉和未来的花旗松造成的，以及花旗松有机质分解速度的减慢将导致马尔任山山毛榉生境在生产力方面进一步退化。
{"title":"Douglas fir impact on the dynamics and composition of humus in the soil of indigenous beech forest in western Serbia","authors":"O. Kostić, M. Mitrović, P. Pavlović","doi":"10.2298/zmspn2038083k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/zmspn2038083k","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the impact of organic matter from Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) on the amount and composition of humus in acid brown soil in a climatoregional beech forest (Fagetum moesiacae montanum B. Jov. 1967 s.l.) on Mt. Maljen. To accomplish this objective, we performed a one-year litterbag decomposition experiment with litterfall from Fagus moesiaca and Pseudotsuga menziesii. The quantitative and qualitative content of humus and the intensity of the decomposition process of organic mat?ter from beech and Douglas fir were analysed. Less humus was found during the experiment under Douglas fir than under autochthonous beech at the control site, as well as a decreasing trend for humus levels and quality (unfavourable chemical composition). It was concluded that these changes, caused by the effects of the clearcutting of beech and, in the future, of Douglas fir, and the slower decomposition of organic matter from Douglas fir will contribute to further degradation of the beech habitat on Mt. Maljen in terms of productivity.","PeriodicalId":30148,"journal":{"name":"Zbornik Matice Srpske za Prirodne Nauke","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68372415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mycotoxins naturally contaminate plant - based food. Since organic production does not allow the use of synthetic pesticides in plant protection, many researchers state that organically produced foods are more contaminated with mycotoxins than conven?tional ones. In this regard, the aim of this study was to observe the content of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 and deoxynivalenol, as the most common mycotoxins, in organically and conventionally produced seeds of maize, spelt wheat and soya been during the 2015-2017 period. The HPLC/FLD and HPLC/DAD were used to determine the presence of aflatoxins and deoxynivalenol, respectively. The highest number of samples was not positive to the presence of these mycotoxins. Aflatoxin B1 (1.16 ?g/kg) and deoxynivalenol (101.53 ?g/kg) were detected only in the sample of organic maize harvested in 2015. Based on obtained results, no conclusion can be drawn on the effects of organic and conventional production on contents of mycotoxins in seeds of maize, spelt wheat and soya bean, and further long-term studies are required.
{"title":"Presence of aflatoxins and deoxynivalenol in seeds of maize, spelt wheat and soya bean - preliminary research","authors":"Jelena Golijan, S. Lekić, G. Vuković, M. Sečanski","doi":"10.2298/ZMSPN2039019G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/ZMSPN2039019G","url":null,"abstract":"Mycotoxins naturally contaminate plant - based food. Since organic production does not allow the use of synthetic pesticides in plant protection, many researchers state that organically produced foods are more contaminated with mycotoxins than conven?tional ones. In this regard, the aim of this study was to observe the content of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 and deoxynivalenol, as the most common mycotoxins, in organically and conventionally produced seeds of maize, spelt wheat and soya been during the 2015-2017 period. The HPLC/FLD and HPLC/DAD were used to determine the presence of aflatoxins and deoxynivalenol, respectively. The highest number of samples was not positive to the presence of these mycotoxins. Aflatoxin B1 (1.16 ?g/kg) and deoxynivalenol (101.53 ?g/kg) were detected only in the sample of organic maize harvested in 2015. Based on obtained results, no conclusion can be drawn on the effects of organic and conventional production on contents of mycotoxins in seeds of maize, spelt wheat and soya bean, and further long-term studies are required.","PeriodicalId":30148,"journal":{"name":"Zbornik Matice Srpske za Prirodne Nauke","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68372697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Ugrenović, V. Filipović, D. Delic, V. Popović, O. Stajković-Srbinović, A. Buntić, G. Dozet
The aim of this paper is to maintain soil fertility on an organic farm without livestock production by using alfalfa green biomass. The research was carried out on the farm of Mokrin PP company, by modeling and sizing of crop rotation with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) on the non-carbonate humoglay. To ensure a cost-effective technical solution, alfalfa seed production was organized. In the autumn of 2015 alfalfa sowing was carried out in a field of 5 ha. Green biomass of the first and third cuttings, as well as crop residue after harvesting of seeds in the second cutting, were mowed and chopped by harvester for low silage and stored in the silage-pit. After nine months, a mature alfalfa compost was obtained with optimum values of total nitrogen (5.04%), organic matter (42.56%), C/N, pH, humidity, and EC. Two-year alfalfa utilization is the recommended time in this research because to the following benefits: in crop rotation, alfalfa field is provided with nitrogen by symbiotic ni?trogen fixation and the alfalfa is cultivated every five years in the same field, while in the middle of that period the field is fertilized with compost produced on the farm. The amount of compost obtained by crop rotation (2016 - 48.80 t; 2017 - 62.30 t) is enough for about 20% of the arable area per year. Thus, the fields are fertilized every fourth year with 10 t ha-1 of compost. Thanks to alfalfa biomass and seed and also nitrogen fixation, maintaining soil fertility is resolved in a sustainable and natural way.
{"title":"Maintenance of soil fertility on organic farm by modeling of crop rotation with participation alfalfa","authors":"V. Ugrenović, V. Filipović, D. Delic, V. Popović, O. Stajković-Srbinović, A. Buntić, G. Dozet","doi":"10.2298/zmspn2038071u","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/zmspn2038071u","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to maintain soil fertility on an organic farm without livestock production by using alfalfa green biomass. The research was carried out on the farm of Mokrin PP company, by modeling and sizing of crop rotation with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) on the non-carbonate humoglay. To ensure a cost-effective technical solution, alfalfa seed production was organized. In the autumn of 2015 alfalfa sowing was carried out in a field of 5 ha. Green biomass of the first and third cuttings, as well as crop residue after harvesting of seeds in the second cutting, were mowed and chopped by harvester for low silage and stored in the silage-pit. After nine months, a mature alfalfa compost was obtained with optimum values of total nitrogen (5.04%), organic matter (42.56%), C/N, pH, humidity, and EC. Two-year alfalfa utilization is the recommended time in this research because to the following benefits: in crop rotation, alfalfa field is provided with nitrogen by symbiotic ni?trogen fixation and the alfalfa is cultivated every five years in the same field, while in the middle of that period the field is fertilized with compost produced on the farm. The amount of compost obtained by crop rotation (2016 - 48.80 t; 2017 - 62.30 t) is enough for about 20% of the arable area per year. Thus, the fields are fertilized every fourth year with 10 t ha-1 of compost. Thanks to alfalfa biomass and seed and also nitrogen fixation, maintaining soil fertility is resolved in a sustainable and natural way.","PeriodicalId":30148,"journal":{"name":"Zbornik Matice Srpske za Prirodne Nauke","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68372326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Marinković, D. Bjelić, B. Tintor, V. Đorđević, S. Balešević-Tubić, V. Đukić, M. Ćeran
The aim of the study was to examine the effects of management practice on microbial properties of soil under soybean production. The study included 180 samples of soil under certified organic soybean production and 80 samples in conventional production system. An abundance of the examined microbial groups was assessed using the indirect dilution method, followed by plating of soil suspension on different selective media, while dehydrogenase and ?-glucosidase activity was measured spectrophotometrically. Our data indicated that the management practice affected the structure and activity of microbial com?munities. A significant positive effect of organic farming on Azotobacter spp., free N-fixers and abundance of actinomycetes was identified. The influence of management system for the total number of bacteria, ammonifiers and fungi was not observed. Significantly higher dehydrogenase and ?-glucosidase activity was recorded in the soils under organic farming compared to the conventional farming. The obtained results showed an increase in organic matter content, associated with organic soil management, and its positive correlation with soil microbial properties.
{"title":"Soil microbial properties under different management systems in soybean production","authors":"J. Marinković, D. Bjelić, B. Tintor, V. Đorđević, S. Balešević-Tubić, V. Đukić, M. Ćeran","doi":"10.2298/zmspn2038041m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/zmspn2038041m","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to examine the effects of management practice on microbial properties of soil under soybean production. The study included 180 samples of soil under certified organic soybean production and 80 samples in conventional production system. An abundance of the examined microbial groups was assessed using the indirect dilution method, followed by plating of soil suspension on different selective media, while dehydrogenase and ?-glucosidase activity was measured spectrophotometrically. Our data indicated that the management practice affected the structure and activity of microbial com?munities. A significant positive effect of organic farming on Azotobacter spp., free N-fixers and abundance of actinomycetes was identified. The influence of management system for the total number of bacteria, ammonifiers and fungi was not observed. Significantly higher dehydrogenase and ?-glucosidase activity was recorded in the soils under organic farming compared to the conventional farming. The obtained results showed an increase in organic matter content, associated with organic soil management, and its positive correlation with soil microbial properties.","PeriodicalId":30148,"journal":{"name":"Zbornik Matice Srpske za Prirodne Nauke","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68372562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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