Biodiversity and biodiversity preservation are some of the most important topics in ecology. Protecting biodiversity in urban ecosystems is especially challenging. Urban parks are a valuable part of green infrastructure in cities, as they contribute to preserving natural habitats for many species. Biodiversity can be quantified by calculating different diversity indices, and in this paper, we have calculated alpha indices (Shannon, Simpson, Fisher, Berger-Parker and Margalef index) and beta indices (Sorensen index, Jaccard distance and Bray-Curtis index) for the Futog park in Novi Sad, Serbia, within two periods, 2005 and 2020. The goal of the paper is to analyze the current values of biodiversity indices in the park and compare them with the ones from 15 years ago. In addition to the analysis of biodiversity indices values, the paper provides the comparison of taxonomic structure of flora, and the abundance of native, endemic and invasive species in the park, in 2005 and 2020. The results show that the values of biodiversity indices have decreased in the indicated period of time, and one of the main causes can be related to the spread of invasive species within the park. For calculation purposes, we have used the R program and the R package ?vegan?.
{"title":"Biodiversity indices for the Futog park (Novi Sad, Serbia)","authors":"Milena Lakicevic, S. Orlović, Ksenija Hiel, Srdjan Seremesic, Radenka Kolarov, Milena Maksimovic","doi":"10.2298/zmspn2140127l","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/zmspn2140127l","url":null,"abstract":"Biodiversity and biodiversity preservation are some of the most important topics in ecology. Protecting biodiversity in urban ecosystems is especially challenging. Urban parks are a valuable part of green infrastructure in cities, as they contribute to preserving natural habitats for many species. Biodiversity can be quantified by calculating different diversity indices, and in this paper, we have calculated alpha indices (Shannon, Simpson, Fisher, Berger-Parker and Margalef index) and beta indices (Sorensen index, Jaccard distance and Bray-Curtis index) for the Futog park in Novi Sad, Serbia, within two periods, 2005 and 2020. The goal of the paper is to analyze the current values of biodiversity indices in the park and compare them with the ones from 15 years ago. In addition to the analysis of biodiversity indices values, the paper provides the comparison of taxonomic structure of flora, and the abundance of native, endemic and invasive species in the park, in 2005 and 2020. The results show that the values of biodiversity indices have decreased in the indicated period of time, and one of the main causes can be related to the spread of invasive species within the park. For calculation purposes, we have used the R program and the R package ?vegan?.","PeriodicalId":30148,"journal":{"name":"Zbornik Matice Srpske za Prirodne Nauke","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68373899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ambrosia trifida L. belongs to the group of invasive weeds, which in colonized areas cause great damage to the biodiversity of autochthonous flora and vegetation as well as in plant production. It originates from North America wherefrom it has spread to many parts of Europe. In Serbia it is currently locally present in the area of Backa (the northern region of the country). Early and rapid growth rate, vegetative and generative production, high degree of morphological and reproductive plasticity have given it a competitive advantage over many other weeds, hence in many countries it is considered one of the most problematic weeds in agricultural production. A. trifida could cause great damage in root crops, vegetable gardens and orchards and its harmfulness is measured by the negative impact on biodiversity by suppressing indigenous and other non-indigenous species. With its allergens, A. trifida negatively affects human health. Observing its vegetative and generative potential and climate change on the other hand, recent research indicates the potential for the spread of A. trifida in our country and in Europe, which could be a serious risk for agrophytocenoses and the ecosystem as a whole. In 2019, it was added to the EPPO A2 List of quarantine pests recommended. It can be controlled with the use of mechanical, biological and chemical measures.
{"title":"Ambrosia trifida L. (Giant ragweed)","authors":"A. Savić","doi":"10.2298/zmspn2141035s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/zmspn2141035s","url":null,"abstract":"Ambrosia trifida L. belongs to the group of invasive weeds, which in colonized areas cause great damage to the biodiversity of autochthonous flora and vegetation as well as in plant production. It originates from North America wherefrom it has spread to many parts of Europe. In Serbia it is currently locally present in the area of Backa (the northern region of the country). Early and rapid growth rate, vegetative and generative production, high degree of morphological and reproductive plasticity have given it a competitive advantage over many other weeds, hence in many countries it is considered one of the most problematic weeds in agricultural production. A. trifida could cause great damage in root crops, vegetable gardens and orchards and its harmfulness is measured by the negative impact on biodiversity by suppressing indigenous and other non-indigenous species. With its allergens, A. trifida negatively affects human health. Observing its vegetative and generative potential and climate change on the other hand, recent research indicates the potential for the spread of A. trifida in our country and in Europe, which could be a serious risk for agrophytocenoses and the ecosystem as a whole. In 2019, it was added to the EPPO A2 List of quarantine pests recommended. It can be controlled with the use of mechanical, biological and chemical measures.","PeriodicalId":30148,"journal":{"name":"Zbornik Matice Srpske za Prirodne Nauke","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68374057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sladjana Popovic, K. Petrović, Dusica Trnavac-Bogdanovic, D. Milošević, Ana Graovac, Ivana Trbojević, G. Subakov-Simić
The importance of biofilms in caves, the diversity of microorganisms in them, their mutual relationship and relationship with the substratum are among the advancing research topics in microbial biospeleology. This research is making contribution to the knowledge about biofilms at cave entrances and phototrophic communities in them. In that manner, biofilms from the entrance zone of the Petnica Cave were examined. Light microscopy showed that cyanobacteria were exclusively dominant phototrophs (34 taxa out of 39 total taxa recorded) with coccoid forms prevailing (28 taxa); simple trichal forms were present to a lesser extent, while heterocytous ones were completely absent. Genera Gloeocapsa, Chroococcus,Gloeothece and Leptolyngbya were the most diverse. Four green algal genera characteristic for aerophytic habitats (Apatococcus, Desmococcus, Haematococcus and Trentepohlia) were also recorded, while Bacillariophytawere observed sporadically. Three groups of sampling sites were distinguished based on recorded taxa, their richness and similarity, using non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS). Quantitative biofilm characteristics were also assessed - the content of chlorophyll a (Chl a) was determined, as well as the contents of water, organic and inorganic matter. Chl a had a significant positive correlation with the content of organic matter (r=0.904, P=0.013).
{"title":"Cyanobacteria and algae from biofilm at the entrance zone of Petnica Cave","authors":"Sladjana Popovic, K. Petrović, Dusica Trnavac-Bogdanovic, D. Milošević, Ana Graovac, Ivana Trbojević, G. Subakov-Simić","doi":"10.2298/zmspn2140071p","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/zmspn2140071p","url":null,"abstract":"The importance of biofilms in caves, the diversity of microorganisms in them, their mutual relationship and relationship with the substratum are among the advancing research topics in microbial biospeleology. This research is making contribution to the knowledge about biofilms at cave entrances and phototrophic communities in them. In that manner, biofilms from the entrance zone of the Petnica Cave were examined. Light microscopy showed that cyanobacteria were exclusively dominant phototrophs (34 taxa out of 39 total taxa recorded) with coccoid forms prevailing (28 taxa); simple trichal forms were present to a lesser extent, while heterocytous ones were completely absent. Genera Gloeocapsa, Chroococcus,Gloeothece and Leptolyngbya were the most diverse. Four green algal genera characteristic for aerophytic habitats (Apatococcus, Desmococcus, Haematococcus and Trentepohlia) were also recorded, while Bacillariophytawere observed sporadically. Three groups of sampling sites were distinguished based on recorded taxa, their richness and similarity, using non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS). Quantitative biofilm characteristics were also assessed - the content of chlorophyll a (Chl a) was determined, as well as the contents of water, organic and inorganic matter. Chl a had a significant positive correlation with the content of organic matter (r=0.904, P=0.013).","PeriodicalId":30148,"journal":{"name":"Zbornik Matice Srpske za Prirodne Nauke","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68373715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Iodine (I) is widely distributed in the biosphere in small concentrations. Iodide (I-) and iodate (IO3-) are the most important inorganic forms of I that can be found in the biosphere. Iodine is a necessary microelement for some marine algae and higher animals. Approximately 35% of the world?s population is insufficiently provided with I, which results in many health problems. Plants are an important source of I for humans, and the knowledge about the uptake, distribution, and accumulation of I in edible plant parts, as well as its effect on life processes and organic production of cultivated species is very important. The results of numerous studies indicate a favorable effect of I application on plant growth, tolerance to stress, and the antioxidant capacity of plants. In addition, its effects on photosynthesis, hydration, carbohydrate metabolism, respiration, and interaction with other elements are analyzed. At the same time, data are indicating that the application of I has no effect, moreover, it may act phytotoxically, especially at higher concentrations. Based on the current understanding of I impact on life processes and the organic production of higher plants, it can be considered a useful element. Plants can complete their life cycle without iodine, but it may have a stimulating effect on their growth under certain circumstances. Considering the importance of I for the health of the human population and higher animals, the application of I to increase its concentration in edible parts of grown plants using cultivation practices (biofortification of crops with I) is an important task for further research.
{"title":"Iodine and the higher plants","authors":"R. Kastori, I. Maksimović, M. Putnik-Delić","doi":"10.2298/zmspn2141119k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/zmspn2141119k","url":null,"abstract":"Iodine (I) is widely distributed in the biosphere in small concentrations. Iodide (I-) and iodate (IO3-) are the most important inorganic forms of I that can be found in the biosphere. Iodine is a necessary microelement for some marine algae and higher animals. Approximately 35% of the world?s population is insufficiently provided with I, which results in many health problems. Plants are an important source of I for humans, and the knowledge about the uptake, distribution, and accumulation of I in edible plant parts, as well as its effect on life processes and organic production of cultivated species is very important. The results of numerous studies indicate a favorable effect of I application on plant growth, tolerance to stress, and the antioxidant capacity of plants. In addition, its effects on photosynthesis, hydration, carbohydrate metabolism, respiration, and interaction with other elements are analyzed. At the same time, data are indicating that the application of I has no effect, moreover, it may act phytotoxically, especially at higher concentrations. Based on the current understanding of I impact on life processes and the organic production of higher plants, it can be considered a useful element. Plants can complete their life cycle without iodine, but it may have a stimulating effect on their growth under certain circumstances. Considering the importance of I for the health of the human population and higher animals, the application of I to increase its concentration in edible parts of grown plants using cultivation practices (biofortification of crops with I) is an important task for further research.","PeriodicalId":30148,"journal":{"name":"Zbornik Matice Srpske za Prirodne Nauke","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68374244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mandarin fruits are one of the most popular among the Citrus genus. They are consumed because of their nutritional and health benefits, as well as pleasant taste and smell. This paper describes the identification and characterization of Penicillium expansum, isolated from molded mandarin fruits. The obtained isolates were cultivated on five media [Czapek Yeast Autolysate agar (CYA), MEA (Malt extract agar), Creatine sucrose agar (CREA), Yeast extract sucrose agar (YES), and Oatmeal agar (OA)] and at five different incubation temperatures (5, 15, 25, 30, and 37 ?C). Isolates were sequenced for two molecular loci: internal transcribed spacer and beta-tubulin. Based on the results from morphological, physiological, molecular, and phylogenetic analyses, the recovered isolates were identified as P. expansum. The isolated species was confirmed as pathogenic to mandarin fruits in a pathogenicity test. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of P. expansum as a postharvest pathogen of mandarin fruit in Serbia.
{"title":"Postharvest decay of mandarin fruit in Serbia caused by Penicillium expansum","authors":"S. Stošić, D. Ristic, S. Zivkovic","doi":"10.2298/zmspn2140029s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/zmspn2140029s","url":null,"abstract":"Mandarin fruits are one of the most popular among the Citrus genus. They are consumed because of their nutritional and health benefits, as well as pleasant taste and smell. This paper describes the identification and characterization of Penicillium expansum, isolated from molded mandarin fruits. The obtained isolates were cultivated on five media [Czapek Yeast Autolysate agar (CYA), MEA (Malt extract agar), Creatine sucrose agar (CREA), Yeast extract sucrose agar (YES), and Oatmeal agar (OA)] and at five different incubation temperatures (5, 15, 25, 30, and 37 ?C). Isolates were sequenced for two molecular loci: internal transcribed spacer and beta-tubulin. Based on the results from morphological, physiological, molecular, and phylogenetic analyses, the recovered isolates were identified as P. expansum. The isolated species was confirmed as pathogenic to mandarin fruits in a pathogenicity test. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of P. expansum as a postharvest pathogen of mandarin fruit in Serbia.","PeriodicalId":30148,"journal":{"name":"Zbornik Matice Srpske za Prirodne Nauke","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68373396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper deals with the tasks of creating maps of protected natural assets (national parks and natural monuments - individual plant specimens) on several case examples in Serbia. The main goal of the paper is to introduce the application of the R program in diverse mapping assignments. Even though the R program is commonly used for numerical and statistical analysis, its application in mapping assignments is still relatively new and not widely known. Therefore, this paper aims to promote the use of R in mapping and to present the appearance of maps that can be obtained as a result. The selected examples are shown on different spatial scales, starting from the mapping of national parks on a map of Serbia, continuing with the mapping of a single national park in a narrow spatial context, ending with the mapping of individual protected plants. The same procedure can be repeated for the similar mapping assignments in the future. Creating maps is an integral part of defining adaptive management strategies for protected natural assets, and therefore can greatly impact the process of monitoring and conducting conservation measures for in situ plant protection activities.
{"title":"Program R in mapping of protected natural assets in Serbia","authors":"D. Lakicevic","doi":"10.2298/ZMSPN2039115L","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/ZMSPN2039115L","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the tasks of creating maps of protected natural assets (national parks and natural monuments - individual plant specimens) on several case examples in Serbia. The main goal of the paper is to introduce the application of the R program in diverse mapping assignments. Even though the R program is commonly used for numerical and statistical analysis, its application in mapping assignments is still relatively new and not widely known. Therefore, this paper aims to promote the use of R in mapping and to present the appearance of maps that can be obtained as a result. The selected examples are shown on different spatial scales, starting from the mapping of national parks on a map of Serbia, continuing with the mapping of a single national park in a narrow spatial context, ending with the mapping of individual protected plants. The same procedure can be repeated for the similar mapping assignments in the future. Creating maps is an integral part of defining adaptive management strategies for protected natural assets, and therefore can greatly impact the process of monitoring and conducting conservation measures for in situ plant protection activities.","PeriodicalId":30148,"journal":{"name":"Zbornik Matice Srpske za Prirodne Nauke","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68373447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dragana Bjelic Dj., B. Marinković, B. Tintor, M. Ninkov, R. Vasin, S. Zivanov, P. Jaksic
The objective of this study was to investigate the possibility of using microbial strains as residue decomposers and to determine the effect of these strains on chemical and microbial properties in the residue-amended soil. Greenhouse experiment consisted of eight Bacillus treatments, three Trichoderma treatments, and their combination, all applied to non-sterile chernozem soil amended with wheat straw. Incorporation of wheat straw improved soil chemical and microbial properties, while the extent of residue decom?position under microbial strains was intensified. Microbial treatments significantly affected the soil pH, the content of carbonate, total carbon, soil organic carbon, humus, and available phosphorus and potassium. Bacterial and fungal treatments also significantly influenced the total microbial number, ammonifiers, N2-fixers, fungi, actinomycetes, oligotrophs, copiotrophs, and cellulolytic microorganisms. The effect of microbial treatments varied depending on the applied strains and examined properties, with Bacillus strains being more promising residue decomposers compared to Trichoderma strains. The most effective microbial strains could be used as potential decomposers of crop residues.
{"title":"Possibility of using Bacillus and Trichoderma strains for decomposition of crop residues","authors":"Dragana Bjelic Dj., B. Marinković, B. Tintor, M. Ninkov, R. Vasin, S. Zivanov, P. Jaksic","doi":"10.2298/zmspn2038051b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/zmspn2038051b","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to investigate the possibility of using microbial strains as residue decomposers and to determine the effect of these strains on chemical and microbial properties in the residue-amended soil. Greenhouse experiment consisted of eight Bacillus treatments, three Trichoderma treatments, and their combination, all applied to non-sterile chernozem soil amended with wheat straw. Incorporation of wheat straw improved soil chemical and microbial properties, while the extent of residue decom?position under microbial strains was intensified. Microbial treatments significantly affected the soil pH, the content of carbonate, total carbon, soil organic carbon, humus, and available phosphorus and potassium. Bacterial and fungal treatments also significantly influenced the total microbial number, ammonifiers, N2-fixers, fungi, actinomycetes, oligotrophs, copiotrophs, and cellulolytic microorganisms. The effect of microbial treatments varied depending on the applied strains and examined properties, with Bacillus strains being more promising residue decomposers compared to Trichoderma strains. The most effective microbial strains could be used as potential decomposers of crop residues.","PeriodicalId":30148,"journal":{"name":"Zbornik Matice Srpske za Prirodne Nauke","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68372191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Igor Vukelić, Gordana Racić, Mirjana Bojović, N. Curcic, D. Mrkajić, L. Jovanovic, D. Panković
In this study we have investigated the effect of T. harzianum on growth, content of chlorophyll and epidermal flavonols and metal distribution in tomato plants. Trichoderma strain, isolated from the A horizon (5-30 cm) of agricultural soil used in organic production, was applied near the root in the sixth leaf development phase of tomato. Tomato plants were grown in a growth cabinet up to the stage of 10 leaves. Content of chlorophyll (Chl), epidermal flavonols (Flav) and antocyanins (Ant) were measured in vivo non-destructively. The concentration of Cd, Co, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Se, and Zn was measured in different parts of tomato plants by ICP-OES method. Results have shown that Trichoderma application positively affected growth of tomato plants, and significantly decreased nitrogen balance index. In Trichoderma treated plants the contents of Cr and Ni were significantly reduced in roots, while content of Cd tended to decrease in all plant parts, significantly in roots. Presented results indicate that investigated isolate is worthwhile testing for plant growth promotion in field conditions, taking in account different supply of macro and micronutrients.
{"title":"Effect of Trichoderma harzianum on morpho-physiological parameters and metal uptake of tomato plants","authors":"Igor Vukelić, Gordana Racić, Mirjana Bojović, N. Curcic, D. Mrkajić, L. Jovanovic, D. Panković","doi":"10.2298/ZMSPN2039061V","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/ZMSPN2039061V","url":null,"abstract":"In this study we have investigated the effect of T. harzianum on growth, content of chlorophyll and epidermal flavonols and metal distribution in tomato plants. Trichoderma strain, isolated from the A horizon (5-30 cm) of agricultural soil used in organic production, was applied near the root in the sixth leaf development phase of tomato. Tomato plants were grown in a growth cabinet up to the stage of 10 leaves. Content of chlorophyll (Chl), epidermal flavonols (Flav) and antocyanins (Ant) were measured in vivo non-destructively. The concentration of Cd, Co, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Se, and Zn was measured in different parts of tomato plants by ICP-OES method. Results have shown that Trichoderma application positively affected growth of tomato plants, and significantly decreased nitrogen balance index. In Trichoderma treated plants the contents of Cr and Ni were significantly reduced in roots, while content of Cd tended to decrease in all plant parts, significantly in roots. Presented results indicate that investigated isolate is worthwhile testing for plant growth promotion in field conditions, taking in account different supply of macro and micronutrients.","PeriodicalId":30148,"journal":{"name":"Zbornik Matice Srpske za Prirodne Nauke","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68373104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Andjelković, D. Marisavljević, Dušanka Cvijanović, S. Radulović, D. Pavlović
Agrotechnical measures are the main factor defining the vineyard weed flora structure and composition, while adequate weed control measures simultaneously ensure that vineyards are being well-managed, thus securing good grapevine health and high quality of wine. Given that the biological spectrum of weeds affects the choice of weed control measures, the aim of this study was to determine the biological properties of the weed flora in Vrsac vineyards, by assessing dominant life forms and phenology of the identified weeds. The floristic analysis was conducted during the 2016 vegetation season (March-November) at 60 plots (1 m2), at three field sites. The presence of 97 plant taxa, belonging to 26 families, was determined. The biological spectrum of the vineyards weed flora has shown a thero?phyto-hemicryptophyte character (therophytes: 57.73% and hemicryptophytes: 34.02%). The scapose herbaceous plants with summer-flowering phenology were dominant within the therophytes and hemicryptophytes. The obtained results have shown a higher weed diversity in vineyards, when compared to previous research of the weed flora in the study area, but similar to more recent studies conducted in the neighbouring countries. Furthermore, the dominant presence of therophytes in the vineyard weed flora was expected, bearing in mind the primarily mechanical weed control measures traditionally applied in vineyards.
{"title":"Biological spectrum of the weed flora in the Vrsac vineyards (Serbia)","authors":"A. Andjelković, D. Marisavljević, Dušanka Cvijanović, S. Radulović, D. Pavlović","doi":"10.2298/ZMSPN2039101A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/ZMSPN2039101A","url":null,"abstract":"Agrotechnical measures are the main factor defining the vineyard weed flora structure and composition, while adequate weed control measures simultaneously ensure that vineyards are being well-managed, thus securing good grapevine health and high quality of wine. Given that the biological spectrum of weeds affects the choice of weed control measures, the aim of this study was to determine the biological properties of the weed flora in Vrsac vineyards, by assessing dominant life forms and phenology of the identified weeds. The floristic analysis was conducted during the 2016 vegetation season (March-November) at 60 plots (1 m2), at three field sites. The presence of 97 plant taxa, belonging to 26 families, was determined. The biological spectrum of the vineyards weed flora has shown a thero?phyto-hemicryptophyte character (therophytes: 57.73% and hemicryptophytes: 34.02%). The scapose herbaceous plants with summer-flowering phenology were dominant within the therophytes and hemicryptophytes. The obtained results have shown a higher weed diversity in vineyards, when compared to previous research of the weed flora in the study area, but similar to more recent studies conducted in the neighbouring countries. Furthermore, the dominant presence of therophytes in the vineyard weed flora was expected, bearing in mind the primarily mechanical weed control measures traditionally applied in vineyards.","PeriodicalId":30148,"journal":{"name":"Zbornik Matice Srpske za Prirodne Nauke","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68373319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Srđan Šeremešić, L. Nešić, V. Ćirić, J. R. Vasin, I. Đalović, J. Marinković, B. Vojnov
The relationship between soil carbon fractions in Chernozem soils was assessed in soil samples of three different environments: arable soil, grassland and oak for?est. Grassland and oak forest had higher soil organic carbon (SOC), carbon soluble in hot water (HWC), particulate organic carbon (POC) and mineral-associated carbon (MOC) than the arable soil. The POC/MOC ratio was lowest in arable soil, indicating a smaller carbon pool for microbial turnover. POC increases with higher total SOC, indicating that the pres?ervation of organic matter depends on the renewal of labile fractions. Our results showed that fertilization had active role in soil carbon stabilization, while crop rotation had less effect on a soil carbon turnover. Our result could contribute to the better understanding of SOC fractions composition and relevance in Chernozem soil, thus could help in selection of cropping management systems for SOC preservation.
{"title":"Soil organic carbon fractions in different land use systems of Chernozem soil","authors":"Srđan Šeremešić, L. Nešić, V. Ćirić, J. R. Vasin, I. Đalović, J. Marinković, B. Vojnov","doi":"10.2298/zmspn2038031s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/zmspn2038031s","url":null,"abstract":"The relationship between soil carbon fractions in Chernozem soils was assessed in soil samples of three different environments: arable soil, grassland and oak for?est. Grassland and oak forest had higher soil organic carbon (SOC), carbon soluble in hot water (HWC), particulate organic carbon (POC) and mineral-associated carbon (MOC) than the arable soil. The POC/MOC ratio was lowest in arable soil, indicating a smaller carbon pool for microbial turnover. POC increases with higher total SOC, indicating that the pres?ervation of organic matter depends on the renewal of labile fractions. Our results showed that fertilization had active role in soil carbon stabilization, while crop rotation had less effect on a soil carbon turnover. Our result could contribute to the better understanding of SOC fractions composition and relevance in Chernozem soil, thus could help in selection of cropping management systems for SOC preservation.","PeriodicalId":30148,"journal":{"name":"Zbornik Matice Srpske za Prirodne Nauke","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68372178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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