The utilization of ash obtained as a result of the combustion of fossil fuels (coal, peat) or biomass (straw, wood, solid waste) is an environmental problem that should be optimally solved. The chemical characteristics of ash depend on several factors, mostly on sources of fuel. According to characteristics, ash can be used in agriculture, forestry, or utilized for other purposes. The content of heavy metals (Cd, Ni, Pb, Cr) in peat ash is several times higher than in willow wood ash and straw ash. It means that peat ash application is limited to agricultural crops and its optimal application is one year before planting SRC trees, especially on poor and acid soils. The application of peat ash at a dose of 10 mg dry mass ha-1 in willow plantations on post-mining peaty soils changed soil acidity from 5.2 pH to 5.88 pH and stimulated tree growth. Wood and straw ash was applied to wil?low plantations on arable loam-sandy soils in doses 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 t dry mass ha-1. The positive effect of ash application in doses 1.0 and 1.5 t dry mass ha-1 showed in the second year after the application both for soil and for willow growth.
{"title":"Ecological aspects of peat, straw, and wood ash application for energy willow cultivation","authors":"A. Rodzkin, B. Krstić","doi":"10.2298/zmspn2242007r","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/zmspn2242007r","url":null,"abstract":"The utilization of ash obtained as a result of the combustion of fossil fuels (coal, peat) or biomass (straw, wood, solid waste) is an environmental problem that should be optimally solved. The chemical characteristics of ash depend on several factors, mostly on sources of fuel. According to characteristics, ash can be used in agriculture, forestry, or utilized for other purposes. The content of heavy metals (Cd, Ni, Pb, Cr) in peat ash is several times higher than in willow wood ash and straw ash. It means that peat ash application is limited to agricultural crops and its optimal application is one year before planting SRC trees, especially on poor and acid soils. The application of peat ash at a dose of 10 mg dry mass ha-1 in willow plantations on post-mining peaty soils changed soil acidity from 5.2 pH to 5.88 pH and stimulated tree growth. Wood and straw ash was applied to wil?low plantations on arable loam-sandy soils in doses 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 t dry mass ha-1. The positive effect of ash application in doses 1.0 and 1.5 t dry mass ha-1 showed in the second year after the application both for soil and for willow growth.","PeriodicalId":30148,"journal":{"name":"Zbornik Matice Srpske za Prirodne Nauke","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68374332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Medic-Pap, D. Živanov, Sonja Tančić-Živanov, P. Pap, V. Galović, N. Nagl, V. Župunski
Monitoring the health status of narrow-leaved ash tree seedlings (forest office Morovic, locality Vinicna) in the early spring of 2015, after the catastrophic floods in May 2014, revealed presence of large dark necrotic areas on 1-2 year old sprouts. The isola?tion of the fungal pathogen was done by standard phytopathological protocols. Three repre?sentative isolates (K41, K42 and K78) were preliminary detected and purified by a single-spore technique for further morphological, molecular analyses and pathogenicity testing. Morphological characteristics classified the isolates as Fusarium tricinctum. Tested isolates on narrow leaved ash sprouts caused reddish brown elongated necrotic lesions averaged 20.1 mm. Two marker genes, translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1-?) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS1), were used in this study. Using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) searching engine, nucleotide sequences were compared to all related sequences. Alignement score resulted in 98.9% identities with F. tricinctum for isolate K78, while isolates K41 and K42 showed 94.1% and 94.3% identities with F. tricinctum complex respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of F. tricinctum pathogen infection on flood stressed narrow-leaved ash trees in Serbia.
在2014年5月的特大洪水之后，2015年早春对窄叶白灰树幼苗(Morovic森林办公室，Vinicna地区)的健康状况进行了监测，发现1-2年幼芽上存在大片深色坏死区域。伊索拉?真菌病原体的检测采用标准的植物病理学方法。三个repre ?采用单孢子技术对K41、K42和K78三株病原菌进行初步分离纯化，并进行形态学、分子分析和致病性检测。形态特征将分离物归类为镰刀菌。被试菌株在窄叶白蜡芽上引起红棕色细长坏死灶，平均为20.1 mm。本研究使用了翻译延伸因子1- α (TEF1-?)和内部转录间隔基因(ITS1)两个标记基因。利用BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool)搜索引擎，将核苷酸序列与所有相关序列进行比较。菌株K78的同源性为98.9%，菌株K41和菌株K42的同源性分别为94.1%和94.3%。据我们所知，这是塞尔维亚第一次报道洪水胁迫下窄叶白蜡树感染赤霉病菌。
{"title":"First report of Fusarium tricinctum on narrow-leaved ash (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl.) in Serbia","authors":"S. Medic-Pap, D. Živanov, Sonja Tančić-Živanov, P. Pap, V. Galović, N. Nagl, V. Župunski","doi":"10.2298/zmspn2242019m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/zmspn2242019m","url":null,"abstract":"Monitoring the health status of narrow-leaved ash tree seedlings (forest office Morovic, locality Vinicna) in the early spring of 2015, after the catastrophic floods in May 2014, revealed presence of large dark necrotic areas on 1-2 year old sprouts. The isola?tion of the fungal pathogen was done by standard phytopathological protocols. Three repre?sentative isolates (K41, K42 and K78) were preliminary detected and purified by a single-spore technique for further morphological, molecular analyses and pathogenicity testing. Morphological characteristics classified the isolates as Fusarium tricinctum. Tested isolates on narrow leaved ash sprouts caused reddish brown elongated necrotic lesions averaged 20.1 mm. Two marker genes, translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1-?) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS1), were used in this study. Using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) searching engine, nucleotide sequences were compared to all related sequences. Alignement score resulted in 98.9% identities with F. tricinctum for isolate K78, while isolates K41 and K42 showed 94.1% and 94.3% identities with F. tricinctum complex respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of F. tricinctum pathogen infection on flood stressed narrow-leaved ash trees in Serbia.","PeriodicalId":30148,"journal":{"name":"Zbornik Matice Srpske za Prirodne Nauke","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68374390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Bursić, G. Vuković, T. Stojanović, D. Marinković, N. Puvača, A. Petrovič, B. Konstantinović, M. Popov, N. Samardžić
The performance of the QuEChERS extraction followed by the LC-MS/ MS analytical method was evaluated in terms of Alternaria mycotoxins recovery from the wheat. The alternariol (AOH), tentoxin (TEN) and alternariol monomethyl ether (AME) were analyzed using the ESI+ (electrospray positive ionization) by multiple reactions mon?itoring mode (MRM). In order to determine the recovery, the blank wheat samples were spiked at two spiking levels (0.01 and 0.1 mg/kg) in six replicates. The obtained average recoveries and precisions (expressed as the RSDr, %) were as follows: 107.6% (RSDr of 6.84%) for alternariol, 108.0% (RSDr of 6.78%) for tentoxin and 110.1% (RSDr of 6.50%) for alternariol monomethyl ether. The results of this study were in accordance with the Commission Decision 2002/657/EC and Commission Regulation (EC) No 401/2006.
{"title":"Quechers approach to the Alternaria mycotoxins detection in wheat: The recovery study","authors":"V. Bursić, G. Vuković, T. Stojanović, D. Marinković, N. Puvača, A. Petrovič, B. Konstantinović, M. Popov, N. Samardžić","doi":"10.2298/zmspn2242031b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/zmspn2242031b","url":null,"abstract":"The performance of the QuEChERS extraction followed by the LC-MS/ MS analytical method was evaluated in terms of Alternaria mycotoxins recovery from the wheat. The alternariol (AOH), tentoxin (TEN) and alternariol monomethyl ether (AME) were analyzed using the ESI+ (electrospray positive ionization) by multiple reactions mon?itoring mode (MRM). In order to determine the recovery, the blank wheat samples were spiked at two spiking levels (0.01 and 0.1 mg/kg) in six replicates. The obtained average recoveries and precisions (expressed as the RSDr, %) were as follows: 107.6% (RSDr of 6.84%) for alternariol, 108.0% (RSDr of 6.78%) for tentoxin and 110.1% (RSDr of 6.50%) for alternariol monomethyl ether. The results of this study were in accordance with the Commission Decision 2002/657/EC and Commission Regulation (EC) No 401/2006.","PeriodicalId":30148,"journal":{"name":"Zbornik Matice Srpske za Prirodne Nauke","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68374456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Bagi, R. Iličić, R. Jevtić, B. Orbović, Z. Savić, M. Suman, B. Tóth, Attila Berėnyi, T. Popović
Toxigenic potential of four and one isolate of A. alternata and A. tenuissima, respectively, on durum wheat cultivar Dusan (Triticum durum L.) and common wheat cultivar Barbee (T. vulgare L.) were tested. Three different wheat / isolate genotype combinations were used for artificial inoculation of grains under laboratory conditions and toxins production. Alternaria toxins alternariol (AOH), alternariol monomethyl ether (AME), tentoxin (TEN), tenuazonic acid (TeA) and altenuen (ALT) concentrations were determined by LC-MS/MS. Cultivar Barbee proved to be a more suitable substrate for toxin production, whereby AOH, AME and TeA were present in highest concentrations. These results underline the possibility of fungal infection and mycotoxin production by Alternaria species in field and under storage conditions. Further research is needed for official regulation of ac?ceptable levels of Alternaria mycotoxins in food and feed.
测定了4个和1个交替芽孢杆菌分离株对硬粒小麦品种杜桑(Triticum durum L.)和普通小麦品种Barbee (T. vulgare L.)的产毒潜力。采用3种不同的小麦/分离物基因型组合，在实验室条件下进行了籽粒人工接种和毒素产生试验。采用液相色谱-质谱联用技术(LC-MS/MS)测定交替毒株毒素交替毒株醇(AOH)、交替毒株醇单甲基醚(AME)、tentoxin (TEN)、tenuazonic acid (TeA)和altenuen (ALT)的浓度。栽培品种Barbee被证明是一个更合适的毒素生产底物，其中AOH, AME和TeA的浓度最高。这些结果强调了交替孢在田间和储存条件下真菌感染和产生霉菌毒素的可能性。对空调的官方规定还需要进一步的研究。食品和饲料中真菌毒素的可接受水平。
{"title":"Toxigenic potential of Alternaria species from cereals","authors":"F. Bagi, R. Iličić, R. Jevtić, B. Orbović, Z. Savić, M. Suman, B. Tóth, Attila Berėnyi, T. Popović","doi":"10.2298/zmspn2242039b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/zmspn2242039b","url":null,"abstract":"Toxigenic potential of four and one isolate of A. alternata and A. tenuissima, respectively, on durum wheat cultivar Dusan (Triticum durum L.) and common wheat cultivar Barbee (T. vulgare L.) were tested. Three different wheat / isolate genotype combinations were used for artificial inoculation of grains under laboratory conditions and toxins production. Alternaria toxins alternariol (AOH), alternariol monomethyl ether (AME), tentoxin (TEN), tenuazonic acid (TeA) and altenuen (ALT) concentrations were determined by LC-MS/MS. Cultivar Barbee proved to be a more suitable substrate for toxin production, whereby AOH, AME and TeA were present in highest concentrations. These results underline the possibility of fungal infection and mycotoxin production by Alternaria species in field and under storage conditions. Further research is needed for official regulation of ac?ceptable levels of Alternaria mycotoxins in food and feed.","PeriodicalId":30148,"journal":{"name":"Zbornik Matice Srpske za Prirodne Nauke","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68374606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Krnjaja, S. Stankovic, A. Obradović, M. Nikolić, I. Savić, Violeta Mandić, Z. Bijelić
Fusarium infection and deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination in seven durum wheat lines kernel (six domestic durum lines ZP 16, ZP 34, ZP 41, ZP 74, ZP 120, ZP DSP 66, and one international durum line Cimmyt 7817) during two harvest seasons (2015-2016) has been studied. The four Fusarium species, F. graminearum, F. proliferatum, F. sporotrichioides, and F. verticillioides, were identified in 2015. A different structure of the Fusarium population, which in addition to F. graminearum, F. sporotrichioides and F. verticillioides, also comprised F. poae, F. semitectum, and F. subglutinans, was identified in 2016. F. graminearum was the predominant species in the durum wheat lines kernels and the potential producer of DON. The other Fusarium spp. were isolated sporadically and with a low incidence in the kernels. The incidence of F. graminearum and DON levels were significantly affected by the wheat genotypes and studied years and these parameters were negatively correlated. The incidence of F. graminearum was significantly higher in 2015 (75.86%) than in 2016 (63.43%), while the level of DON was significantly higher in 2016 (3.636 mg kg-1) compared to 2015 (1.126 mg kg-1). Statistically, there was a significantly higher incidence of F. graminearum in ZP DSP 66 (73.00%) and ZP 120 (72.75%) durum wheat lines than in the other durum genotypes. DON level was the highest in durum wheat line ZP 120 (3.854 mg kg-1). Considering all treatments tested, the mean DON level was 2.381 mg kg-1, while the mean incidence of F. graminearum was 69.64%. ?ested durum wheat lines showed susceptibility to F. graminearum, resulting in high DON levels in kernels. The results obtained suggest the importance of using the lines with improved resistance to Fusarium head blight in the breeding programs for new durum wheat cultivars.
{"title":"Contamination of durum wheat lines kernels with Fusarium species and deoxynivalenol","authors":"V. Krnjaja, S. Stankovic, A. Obradović, M. Nikolić, I. Savić, Violeta Mandić, Z. Bijelić","doi":"10.2298/zmspn2243027k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/zmspn2243027k","url":null,"abstract":"Fusarium infection and deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination in seven durum wheat lines kernel (six domestic durum lines ZP 16, ZP 34, ZP 41, ZP 74, ZP 120, ZP DSP 66, and one international durum line Cimmyt 7817) during two harvest seasons (2015-2016) has been studied. The four Fusarium species, F. graminearum, F. proliferatum, F. sporotrichioides, and F. verticillioides, were identified in 2015. A different structure of the Fusarium population, which in addition to F. graminearum, F. sporotrichioides and F. verticillioides, also comprised F. poae, F. semitectum, and F. subglutinans, was identified in 2016. F. graminearum was the predominant species in the durum wheat lines kernels and the potential producer of DON. The other Fusarium spp. were isolated sporadically and with a low incidence in the kernels. The incidence of F. graminearum and DON levels were significantly affected by the wheat genotypes and studied years and these parameters were negatively correlated. The incidence of F. graminearum was significantly higher in 2015 (75.86%) than in 2016 (63.43%), while the level of DON was significantly higher in 2016 (3.636 mg kg-1) compared to 2015 (1.126 mg kg-1). Statistically, there was a significantly higher incidence of F. graminearum in ZP DSP 66 (73.00%) and ZP 120 (72.75%) durum wheat lines than in the other durum genotypes. DON level was the highest in durum wheat line ZP 120 (3.854 mg kg-1). Considering all treatments tested, the mean DON level was 2.381 mg kg-1, while the mean incidence of F. graminearum was 69.64%. ?ested durum wheat lines showed susceptibility to F. graminearum, resulting in high DON levels in kernels. The results obtained suggest the importance of using the lines with improved resistance to Fusarium head blight in the breeding programs for new durum wheat cultivars.","PeriodicalId":30148,"journal":{"name":"Zbornik Matice Srpske za Prirodne Nauke","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68375042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Scripting cartographic technique is a new method of geospatial data visualization - especially with thematic mapping such as geomorphological models. The purpose of this study was to explore the use of Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) and R for geomorphological and topographic mapping of Serbia using free open datasets (DEM, SRTM/ GEBCO, OpenStreetMap). Current trend in education and research of distance-based and online-based education suggests that application of free high-resolution data for modelling and mapping by open source cartographic toolsets are more likely to result in deep geospatial analysis of the geomorphology of Balkans with associated geographic phenomena: hydrology, soils, vegetation, geology. Presented fragments of scripts aim to demonstrate the technical usage of R and GMT coding in cartographic workflow with a case study on Serbia. Using qualitative descriptive cartographic approach to visualize the slope, aspect and terrain elevations over the country and the ?raster? package provided by R, it was found that the geomorphology of Serbia spatially differs in southern and northern parts of the country resulting in regional geologic evolution and tectonic dynamics of the Balkan formation. The presented maps portrayed general distribution of the landforms in Serbian region of Balkans. The research contributes to the methodological development and testing of the cartographic techniques as well as geomorphological and environmental studies of Serbia.
{"title":"Scripting languages for geomorphological modelling and topographic visualization of Serbia","authors":"Polina Lemenkova","doi":"10.2298/zmspn2140113l","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/zmspn2140113l","url":null,"abstract":"Scripting cartographic technique is a new method of geospatial data\u0000 visualization - especially with thematic mapping such as geomorphological\u0000 models. The purpose of this study was to explore the use of Generic Mapping\u0000 Tools (GMT) and R for geomorphological and topographic mapping of Serbia\u0000 using free open datasets (DEM, SRTM/ GEBCO, OpenStreetMap). Current trend in\u0000 education and research of distance-based and online-based education suggests\u0000 that application of free high-resolution data for modelling and mapping by\u0000 open source cartographic toolsets are more likely to result in deep\u0000 geospatial analysis of the geomorphology of Balkans with associated\u0000 geographic phenomena: hydrology, soils, vegetation, geology. Presented\u0000 fragments of scripts aim to demonstrate the technical usage of R and GMT\u0000 coding in cartographic workflow with a case study on Serbia. Using\u0000 qualitative descriptive cartographic approach to visualize the slope, aspect\u0000 and terrain elevations over the country and the ?raster? package provided by\u0000 R, it was found that the geomorphology of Serbia spatially differs in\u0000 southern and northern parts of the country resulting in regional geologic\u0000 evolution and tectonic dynamics of the Balkan formation. The presented maps\u0000 portrayed general distribution of the landforms in Serbian region of\u0000 Balkans. The research contributes to the methodological development and\u0000 testing of the cartographic techniques as well as geomorphological and\u0000 environmental studies of Serbia.","PeriodicalId":30148,"journal":{"name":"Zbornik Matice Srpske za Prirodne Nauke","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41459646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Starović, D. Ristic, S. Pavlović, Mehmet Mozkan, D. Jošić
Leaf spot disease caused by Cercospora beticola Sacc. is the most destructive foliar disease of beet. Cercospora leaf spot is controlled primarily by fungicides because the non-chemical alternatives do not provide commercially viable control. One of the ways of reducing chemical application is the use of different essential oils (EOs) or antagonistic plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPB). This study evaluates several EOs and PGPB belonging to Pseudomonas chlororaphis as possible control agents of this pathogen. Antifungal properties were determined by in vitro microdilution method against five C. beticola monosporial isolates originated from the locality Brus, Serbia (53?53? N, 21?04?E and 429 m above sea level) using EOs from medicinal plants: Turkish pickling herb (Echinophora tenuifolia), oregano (Origanum vulgare), basil (Ocimum basilicum), and myrtle (Myrtus communis) obtained by a hydro-distillation method. All tested oils displayed some antifungal activity against the fungal isolates. Origanum vulgare EO demonstrated the strongest antifungal activity (MIC - 0.0055?0.0051mg/mL), Ocimum basilicum slightly lower (MIC - 0.075?0.045mg/mL), followed by Myrtus communis (MIC - 0.775?0.045 mg/ mL) and Echinophora tenuifolia (MIC - 7.75?4.5 mg/mL). Five tested P. chlororaphis strains exhibited some antagonistic effect against C. beticola. Overnight culture (ONC) of P. chlororaphis strain E65 induced the highest percentage of inhibition (75.8%), followed by N3 (72.0%). A cell-free supernatant (CFS) and the CFS treated with EDTA (CFS-EDTA) of these strains showed similar inhibition of 60.2 and 56.0%, and both strains suppressed C. beticola growth. P. chlororaphis strains M1 and K113 also reduced the fungal growth by 67-70% using ONC and between 48-57% using different CFS fractions. The strains L1 and B25 caused inhibition of 60% using ONC and 50% by CFS. The lowest inhibition (~40%) by CFS-EDTA and heat-treated cell-free supernatant (HT-CFS) was recorded for B25, which was used as a reference strain. The tested isolates of C. beticola were susceptible to all selected essential oils and P. chlororaphis strains E25, N3, M1, and K113 in vitro, making them a promising non-chemical control agent. It is recommended that these findings should be tested in field conditions.
{"title":"Antifungal activity of plant essential oils and Pseudomonas chlororaphis strains against Cercospora beticola Sacc.","authors":"M. Starović, D. Ristic, S. Pavlović, Mehmet Mozkan, D. Jošić","doi":"10.2298/zmspn2140009s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/zmspn2140009s","url":null,"abstract":"Leaf spot disease caused by Cercospora beticola Sacc. is the most destructive foliar disease of beet. Cercospora leaf spot is controlled primarily by fungicides because the non-chemical alternatives do not provide commercially viable control. One of the ways of reducing chemical application is the use of different essential oils (EOs) or antagonistic plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPB). This study evaluates several EOs and PGPB belonging to Pseudomonas chlororaphis as possible control agents of this pathogen. Antifungal properties were determined by in vitro microdilution method against five C. beticola monosporial isolates originated from the locality Brus, Serbia (53?53? N, 21?04?E and 429 m above sea level) using EOs from medicinal plants: Turkish pickling herb (Echinophora tenuifolia), oregano (Origanum vulgare), basil (Ocimum basilicum), and myrtle (Myrtus communis) obtained by a hydro-distillation method. All tested oils displayed some antifungal activity against the fungal isolates. Origanum vulgare EO demonstrated the strongest antifungal activity (MIC - 0.0055?0.0051mg/mL), Ocimum basilicum slightly lower (MIC - 0.075?0.045mg/mL), followed by Myrtus communis (MIC - 0.775?0.045 mg/ mL) and Echinophora tenuifolia (MIC - 7.75?4.5 mg/mL). Five tested P. chlororaphis strains exhibited some antagonistic effect against C. beticola. Overnight culture (ONC) of P. chlororaphis strain E65 induced the highest percentage of inhibition (75.8%), followed by N3 (72.0%). A cell-free supernatant (CFS) and the CFS treated with EDTA (CFS-EDTA) of these strains showed similar inhibition of 60.2 and 56.0%, and both strains suppressed C. beticola growth. P. chlororaphis strains M1 and K113 also reduced the fungal growth by 67-70% using ONC and between 48-57% using different CFS fractions. The strains L1 and B25 caused inhibition of 60% using ONC and 50% by CFS. The lowest inhibition (~40%) by CFS-EDTA and heat-treated cell-free supernatant (HT-CFS) was recorded for B25, which was used as a reference strain. The tested isolates of C. beticola were susceptible to all selected essential oils and P. chlororaphis strains E25, N3, M1, and K113 in vitro, making them a promising non-chemical control agent. It is recommended that these findings should be tested in field conditions.","PeriodicalId":30148,"journal":{"name":"Zbornik Matice Srpske za Prirodne Nauke","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68373550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Stojanović, G. Vuković, A. Petrovič, B. Konstantinović, N. Puvača, D. Marinković, S. Gvozdenac, V. Bursić
The interest in tropane alkaloids (TA) as food contaminants is increasing. A sensitive and selective LC-MS/MS method was applied for the analysis of corn puff samples from the Serbian market. Only atropine was quantified in 22% of the samples. In case of scopolamine, although not quantified, it was detected in 22% of the samples. Whether the acute reference dose (ARfD) could be exceeded was checked on a case-by-case basis for the individual products under assessment. Due to their low body weight and relatively high snack consumption, preschool children were at the highest risk of TA exposure. Assuming that the average consumption is 50 g of corn puffs per day, the sample with the highest concentration of TAs (2.05 ?g/kg, 1.58 ?g/kg of atropine) could contribute with 32.0% to the ARfD, of which 24.7% owing to atropine. If the same amount of corn puffs is consumed by older age classes, corresponding exposure contributions to the ARfD would progressively decline, down to 8.4% for adult population. The study revealed no health risk from TAs exposure through the consumption of the corn puffs in Serbian population.
{"title":"Determination of tropane alkaloids in corn puffs by the LC-MS/MS","authors":"T. Stojanović, G. Vuković, A. Petrovič, B. Konstantinović, N. Puvača, D. Marinković, S. Gvozdenac, V. Bursić","doi":"10.2298/zmspn2141069s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/zmspn2141069s","url":null,"abstract":"The interest in tropane alkaloids (TA) as food contaminants is increasing. A sensitive and selective LC-MS/MS method was applied for the analysis of corn puff samples from the Serbian market. Only atropine was quantified in 22% of the samples. In case of scopolamine, although not quantified, it was detected in 22% of the samples. Whether the acute reference dose (ARfD) could be exceeded was checked on a case-by-case basis for the individual products under assessment. Due to their low body weight and relatively high snack consumption, preschool children were at the highest risk of TA exposure. Assuming that the average consumption is 50 g of corn puffs per day, the sample with the highest concentration of TAs (2.05 ?g/kg, 1.58 ?g/kg of atropine) could contribute with 32.0% to the ARfD, of which 24.7% owing to atropine. If the same amount of corn puffs is consumed by older age classes, corresponding exposure contributions to the ARfD would progressively decline, down to 8.4% for adult population. The study revealed no health risk from TAs exposure through the consumption of the corn puffs in Serbian population.","PeriodicalId":30148,"journal":{"name":"Zbornik Matice Srpske za Prirodne Nauke","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68373835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sara Djordjevic, I. Sentić, J. Čukanović, M. Ljubojević, Magdalena Pušić
Temperature increase in urban areas due to a high share of paved and impermeable surfaces affects indigenous woody species by making changes in their biological processes. Field research includes monitoring the blooming period of 18 individuals of Tilia tomentosa Moench. in one vegetation season located in three different habitats (green strip, paved surface, and park). The beginnings of four blooming phenophases are monitored (beginning of blooming, beginning of full blooming, end of full blooming, and end of blooming), as well as the total duration of blooming. Analyzed individuals are located in the densely built-up part of Novi Sad in Serbia which is under the influence of the urban heat island effect. The results show that the blooming period of individuals located in the park lasted longer and occurred later. Between individuals from green strips and paved surfaces there are no significant dif?ferences in the blooming period and the occurring of phases, but in relation to park individuals, blooming duration is shorter and occurs earlier. Besides age and hereditary traits, air temperature as a part of the microclimate of analyzed habitats is a very important factor when analyzing the blooming phenophase. In that way, the change in blooming phenophases can be an indicator of the adaptability of indigenous species to the urban heat effect and climate change.
{"title":"Influence of urban heat island on Tilia tomentosa Moench. blooming","authors":"Sara Djordjevic, I. Sentić, J. Čukanović, M. Ljubojević, Magdalena Pušić","doi":"10.2298/zmspn2141021d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/zmspn2141021d","url":null,"abstract":"Temperature increase in urban areas due to a high share of paved and impermeable surfaces affects indigenous woody species by making changes in their biological processes. Field research includes monitoring the blooming period of 18 individuals of Tilia tomentosa Moench. in one vegetation season located in three different habitats (green strip, paved surface, and park). The beginnings of four blooming phenophases are monitored (beginning of blooming, beginning of full blooming, end of full blooming, and end of blooming), as well as the total duration of blooming. Analyzed individuals are located in the densely built-up part of Novi Sad in Serbia which is under the influence of the urban heat island effect. The results show that the blooming period of individuals located in the park lasted longer and occurred later. Between individuals from green strips and paved surfaces there are no significant dif?ferences in the blooming period and the occurring of phases, but in relation to park individuals, blooming duration is shorter and occurs earlier. Besides age and hereditary traits, air temperature as a part of the microclimate of analyzed habitats is a very important factor when analyzing the blooming phenophase. In that way, the change in blooming phenophases can be an indicator of the adaptability of indigenous species to the urban heat effect and climate change.","PeriodicalId":30148,"journal":{"name":"Zbornik Matice Srpske za Prirodne Nauke","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68374003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Ignjatov, D. Milošević, G. Tamindžić, Ž. Ivanović
Symptoms of seed rot of Hyssopus officinalis L. were noticed during seed health testing in 2018. According to morphological and cultural characteristics, isolates belong to Fusarium spp. and Alternaria spp.. Based on morphological and pathogenic properties, as well as sequence analysis, isolate designated as 4003/3 was identified as Fusarium graminearum deposited in NCBI gene bank under Acc. Number MK061542. To our knowledge F. graminearum as the causal agent of Hyssopus officinalis L. seed rot in Serbia was noticed for the first time.
{"title":"Morphological and molecular characterization of Fusarium graminearum Schwabe as a causal agent of Hyssopus officinalis L. seed rot","authors":"M. Ignjatov, D. Milošević, G. Tamindžić, Ž. Ivanović","doi":"10.2298/zmspn2140021i","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2298/zmspn2140021i","url":null,"abstract":"Symptoms of seed rot of Hyssopus officinalis L. were noticed during seed health testing in 2018. According to morphological and cultural characteristics, isolates belong to Fusarium spp. and Alternaria spp.. Based on morphological and pathogenic properties, as well as sequence analysis, isolate designated as 4003/3 was identified as Fusarium graminearum deposited in NCBI gene bank under Acc. Number MK061542. To our knowledge F. graminearum as the causal agent of Hyssopus officinalis L. seed rot in Serbia was noticed for the first time.","PeriodicalId":30148,"journal":{"name":"Zbornik Matice Srpske za Prirodne Nauke","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68373178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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