A pioneer Nd:YAG laser communication system operating at 1000 Mbps is scheduled for test in 1979 as a synchronous altitude satellite to ground data link. The system will be a transmitter operating at λ532 nm from a 20-cm diam telescope to a ground station at Cloudcroft, N.M. Laser communications has progressed from component development 5 years ago to the recently completed engineering feasibility model which demonstrated space applicability. The visible laser system was successfully tested to the component and system vibration and thermal flight acceptance specifications of the defense meteorological satellite program.
{"title":"Air Force 1-GBPS space-borne optical communications system","authors":"J. Barry","doi":"10.1364/cleos.1976.thb1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/cleos.1976.thb1","url":null,"abstract":"A pioneer Nd:YAG laser communication system operating at 1000 Mbps is scheduled for test in 1979 as a synchronous altitude satellite to ground data link. The system will be a transmitter operating at λ532 nm from a 20-cm diam telescope to a ground station at Cloudcroft, N.M. Laser communications has progressed from component development 5 years ago to the recently completed engineering feasibility model which demonstrated space applicability. The visible laser system was successfully tested to the component and system vibration and thermal flight acceptance specifications of the defense meteorological satellite program.","PeriodicalId":301658,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Laser and Electrooptical Systems","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121794140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Damage tests are necessary to guide material selection and component design and to furnish quality control during assembly of large lasers. Relatively few samples can be characterized since tests are routinely performed using oscillator/amplifier systems of low repetition rate as the laser source. The output of such lasers is only approximately predictable, and many firings may be required to evaluate a sample. Each firing must be individually monitored, resulting in masses of data which are tedious to reduce.
{"title":"Multiple-beam apparatus for rapid large-spot laser-damage measurements","authors":"D. Milam, G. Murphy","doi":"10.1364/cleos.1976.wc5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/cleos.1976.wc5","url":null,"abstract":"Damage tests are necessary to guide material selection and component design and to furnish quality control during assembly of large lasers. Relatively few samples can be characterized since tests are routinely performed using oscillator/amplifier systems of low repetition rate as the laser source. The output of such lasers is only approximately predictable, and many firings may be required to evaluate a sample. Each firing must be individually monitored, resulting in masses of data which are tedious to reduce.","PeriodicalId":301658,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Laser and Electrooptical Systems","volume":"266 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125814337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Coatings are used in several ways on modulator crystals. Dielectric layers are applied to the optical surface to reduce reflection losses and sometimes to provide protection. Metal layers are applied to produce electrodes on electrooptical modulators. Proprietary layers are applied to bond transducers to acoustooptical modulators.
{"title":"Coatings for crystals","authors":"V. R. Costich","doi":"10.1364/cleos.1976.wa1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/cleos.1976.wa1","url":null,"abstract":"Coatings are used in several ways on modulator crystals. Dielectric layers are applied to the optical surface to reduce reflection losses and sometimes to provide protection. Metal layers are applied to produce electrodes on electrooptical modulators. Proprietary layers are applied to bond transducers to acoustooptical modulators.","PeriodicalId":301658,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Laser and Electrooptical Systems","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134433715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Great advances have been made in laser isotope separation schemes as applied to uranium enrichment. The metal vapor approach has been shown to enrich 235U by several scenarios and the photodissociation of cooled UF6 has shown promise. These remarkable programs have provided impetus for development of tunable lasers and new spectroscopic concepts. The logical extensions of the technology to new power reactor construction materials and reactor waste management are obvious. Recent developments in these areas will be discussed.
{"title":"Laser isotope separation: a revolution in chemistry","authors":"G. W. Rhodes","doi":"10.1364/cleos.1976.thd9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/cleos.1976.thd9","url":null,"abstract":"Great advances have been made in laser isotope separation schemes as applied to uranium enrichment. The metal vapor approach has been shown to enrich 235U by several scenarios and the photodissociation of cooled UF6 has shown promise. These remarkable programs have provided impetus for development of tunable lasers and new spectroscopic concepts. The logical extensions of the technology to new power reactor construction materials and reactor waste management are obvious. Recent developments in these areas will be discussed.","PeriodicalId":301658,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Laser and Electrooptical Systems","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116152503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The pumping of Nd:YAG with electrodeless krypton arc lamps has previously been reported.1-3 The power output and efficiency of the devices are comparable with those achieved in conventional arc-pumped lasers, while the lifetime and reliability are markedly improved.
{"title":"Krypton-pumped YAG laser for optical communications","authors":"D. Huchital, G. Steinberg","doi":"10.1364/cleos.1976.wb9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/cleos.1976.wb9","url":null,"abstract":"The pumping of Nd:YAG with electrodeless krypton arc lamps has previously been reported.1-3 The power output and efficiency of the devices are comparable with those achieved in conventional arc-pumped lasers, while the lifetime and reliability are markedly improved.","PeriodicalId":301658,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Laser and Electrooptical Systems","volume":"422 1-3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116565045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A holography system has been developed for diagnostics of high-energy laser cavities, flow visualization, and the study of combustion processes. The basic elements of the system include a pulsed ruby laser, the output of which is split at beam splitter. Both beams are then spatially filtered and collimated, one serving as an object beam while the other acts as a reference wave. The resulting hologram can be used to produce almost all common forms of flow visualization.
{"title":"Diagnostics of high-energy laser cavities using holographic techniques","authors":"J. Trolinger, G. Simpson","doi":"10.1364/cleos.1976.wc2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/cleos.1976.wc2","url":null,"abstract":"A holography system has been developed for diagnostics of high-energy laser cavities, flow visualization, and the study of combustion processes. The basic elements of the system include a pulsed ruby laser, the output of which is split at beam splitter. Both beams are then spatially filtered and collimated, one serving as an object beam while the other acts as a reference wave. The resulting hologram can be used to produce almost all common forms of flow visualization.","PeriodicalId":301658,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Laser and Electrooptical Systems","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116673076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recent studies conducted under NASA auspices have established that a pulsed CO2 ladar will offer a cost-effective and reliable solution to a family of space rendezvous and docking requirements. In addition, a system has been configured that is capable of performance unattainable by any other means.
{"title":"Autonomous rendezvous and docking in synchronous orbit with a 10.6-μm ladar","authors":"S. Adelman, Frederik Weindling, Dane O. Lowrey","doi":"10.1364/cleos.1976.tuc2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/cleos.1976.tuc2","url":null,"abstract":"Recent studies conducted under NASA auspices have established that a pulsed CO2 ladar will offer a cost-effective and reliable solution to a family of space rendezvous and docking requirements. In addition, a system has been configured that is capable of performance unattainable by any other means.","PeriodicalId":301658,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Laser and Electrooptical Systems","volume":"162 10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129127175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Because of the distributed nature of the atmospheric turbulence in the imaging and propagation path of a laser beam correction system, it is expected that aberrations introduced by a lack of isoplanatism will limit the effectiveness of the image phase conjugate technique applied to compensate the effects of turbulence. This lack of isoplanatism arises because radiation from different parts of the extended imaged target experience different phase aberrations on their path to the common shared receiver/transmitter aperture. The results of the computer simulation presented show that these limits due to isoplanatism allow a very high degree of correction even with severe atmospheric turbulence. A very considerable increase in far-field irradiance is achieved by this adaptive correction technique, and the limit of achievable results is compared with the diffraction limit using a point source reference in the presence of the atmosphere. This diffraction limit is set by the performance of the wavefront measurement and control system. The simulation procedure used is as follows: The atmosphere is modeled by a discrete number of phase screens which are shown to give the same isoplanatic effects as a fully distributed atmosphere. Through these screens, radiation from several points over an extended region of the imaged object are propagated to the transmitter aperture. The incoherent addition of these and the resultant measurement by a wavefront sensor are simulated. The conjugate phase of the measurement is then applied to an outgoing spherical laser wave, and this wavefront is then propagated through the phase screens to its nominal focus. Both Strehl ratios and encircled energy are calculated as measures of the effectiveness of the technique. The same simulation procedure may be applied to evaluating the technique in the presence of thermal blooming, as well as atmospheric turbulence.
{"title":"Computer simulation of isoplanatic effects on image phase conjugate laser adaptive control systems","authors":"D. Ehn, L. Estes, H. Wetzstein","doi":"10.1364/cleos.1976.thf3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/cleos.1976.thf3","url":null,"abstract":"Because of the distributed nature of the atmospheric turbulence in the imaging and propagation path of a laser beam correction system, it is expected that aberrations introduced by a lack of isoplanatism will limit the effectiveness of the image phase conjugate technique applied to compensate the effects of turbulence. This lack of isoplanatism arises because radiation from different parts of the extended imaged target experience different phase aberrations on their path to the common shared receiver/transmitter aperture. The results of the computer simulation presented show that these limits due to isoplanatism allow a very high degree of correction even with severe atmospheric turbulence. A very considerable increase in far-field irradiance is achieved by this adaptive correction technique, and the limit of achievable results is compared with the diffraction limit using a point source reference in the presence of the atmosphere. This diffraction limit is set by the performance of the wavefront measurement and control system. The simulation procedure used is as follows: The atmosphere is modeled by a discrete number of phase screens which are shown to give the same isoplanatic effects as a fully distributed atmosphere. Through these screens, radiation from several points over an extended region of the imaged object are propagated to the transmitter aperture. The incoherent addition of these and the resultant measurement by a wavefront sensor are simulated. The conjugate phase of the measurement is then applied to an outgoing spherical laser wave, and this wavefront is then propagated through the phase screens to its nominal focus. Both Strehl ratios and encircled energy are calculated as measures of the effectiveness of the technique. The same simulation procedure may be applied to evaluating the technique in the presence of thermal blooming, as well as atmospheric turbulence.","PeriodicalId":301658,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Laser and Electrooptical Systems","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133199055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1976-04-01DOI: 10.1364/cleos.1976.tha10
B. Johnson
The important role played by beam shaping (apodizing) apertures in the successful operation of high-power laser systems is a acknowledged fact.1-4 In systems such as those being developed for laser fusion experiments at LLL, the optimum whole beam spatial profile represents a sensitive tradeoff between conflicting requirements: (1) efficient energy extraction from the laser and (2) propagation through the amplifier chain with minimal beam breakup from linear (diffraction) and nonlinear effects. An additional constraint on the choice of whole beam profile is imposed by the specifications on the focal (far-field) distribution of the beam occurring at, or near, small laser fusion targets. In order to achieve a balance among these requirements, it is mandatory to utilize optical elements that can exercise precise control of the whole beam spatial intensity profile of the laser.
{"title":"Precision laser beam shaping apertures","authors":"B. Johnson","doi":"10.1364/cleos.1976.tha10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/cleos.1976.tha10","url":null,"abstract":"The important role played by beam shaping (apodizing) apertures in the successful operation of high-power laser systems is a acknowledged fact.1-4 In systems such as those being developed for laser fusion experiments at LLL, the optimum whole beam spatial profile represents a sensitive tradeoff between conflicting requirements: (1) efficient energy extraction from the laser and (2) propagation through the amplifier chain with minimal beam breakup from linear (diffraction) and nonlinear effects. An additional constraint on the choice of whole beam profile is imposed by the specifications on the focal (far-field) distribution of the beam occurring at, or near, small laser fusion targets. In order to achieve a balance among these requirements, it is mandatory to utilize optical elements that can exercise precise control of the whole beam spatial intensity profile of the laser.","PeriodicalId":301658,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Laser and Electrooptical Systems","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133343847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To measure subangstrom phase changes in the ac plasma display panel, the Jamin interferometer shown in Fig. 1 was used. The system features a double detector differential amplifier arrangement that balances out to the shot noise limit the amplitude variations from the laser. A servo system rotates a glass plate to compensate for low frequency vibrations and thermal variations. The optical flats have beam splitters that cause nearly 100% of the laser power to fall on the detectors, thus increasing SNR. A lens focuses the beam to give diffraction-limited spatial resolution in the region of the plasma cell.
{"title":"Simple optical interferometer for measuring phase changes smaller than 10−5 Å","authors":"L. Weber","doi":"10.1364/cleos.1976.wc9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/cleos.1976.wc9","url":null,"abstract":"To measure subangstrom phase changes in the ac plasma display panel, the Jamin interferometer shown in Fig. 1 was used. The system features a double detector differential amplifier arrangement that balances out to the shot noise limit the amplitude variations from the laser. A servo system rotates a glass plate to compensate for low frequency vibrations and thermal variations. The optical flats have beam splitters that cause nearly 100% of the laser power to fall on the detectors, thus increasing SNR. A lens focuses the beam to give diffraction-limited spatial resolution in the region of the plasma cell.","PeriodicalId":301658,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Laser and Electrooptical Systems","volume":"40 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1976-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131433761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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