Escalating interest in environmental monitoring and quality control has generated requirements for instruments capable of obtaining quantitative measurements of specific environmental parameters. In the field of water quality, these parameters might include stream and estuary turbidity fluctuations, the detection and surveillance of pollutant spills, etc. This paper describes laser polarimeter instrumentation capable of remotely providing quantitative measurements of water quality parameters.
{"title":"Active spill detection pollution monitoring system","authors":"A. Blanchard, W. C. Hulse, J. Rouse, J. A. Schell","doi":"10.1364/cleos.1976.wf4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/cleos.1976.wf4","url":null,"abstract":"Escalating interest in environmental monitoring and quality control has generated requirements for instruments capable of obtaining quantitative measurements of specific environmental parameters. In the field of water quality, these parameters might include stream and estuary turbidity fluctuations, the detection and surveillance of pollutant spills, etc. This paper describes laser polarimeter instrumentation capable of remotely providing quantitative measurements of water quality parameters.","PeriodicalId":301658,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Laser and Electrooptical Systems","volume":"2014 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121473292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Data highway systems using optical fiber cable are effective means by which multiplexed data signals can be sent between various terminals over a common cable. These systems have many advantages: independence from electromagnetic interference and electrical isolation from the ground; they are flexible in that new terminals can be added without extensive amounts of cable.
{"title":"Data highway using optical fiber cable","authors":"Y. Ueno, Nagamitsu Oogi","doi":"10.1364/cleos.1976.the2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/cleos.1976.the2","url":null,"abstract":"Data highway systems using optical fiber cable are effective means by which multiplexed data signals can be sent between various terminals over a common cable. These systems have many advantages: independence from electromagnetic interference and electrical isolation from the ground; they are flexible in that new terminals can be added without extensive amounts of cable.","PeriodicalId":301658,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Laser and Electrooptical Systems","volume":"295 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116176771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A quantitative dynamic stress measuring method in oscillating quartz crystals by means of optical beam modulation is reported. The principle of the measurement is as follows: The oscillating quartz crystal is placed between crossed polarizers. The modulated light intensity is expressed by ΔI/I = Δδ-sinδ/2 sin2(δ/2), where I is the de component and ΔI is the accomponent of the modulated light intensity, respectively.
{"title":"Stress distribution measurement in oscillating quartz crystals with a laser probe","authors":"I. Yasuda, S. Yamagata","doi":"10.1364/cleos.1976.wc10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/cleos.1976.wc10","url":null,"abstract":"A quantitative dynamic stress measuring method in oscillating quartz crystals by means of optical beam modulation is reported. The principle of the measurement is as follows: The oscillating quartz crystal is placed between crossed polarizers. The modulated light intensity is expressed by ΔI/I = Δδ-sinδ/2 sin2(δ/2), where I is the de component and ΔI is the accomponent of the modulated light intensity, respectively.","PeriodicalId":301658,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Laser and Electrooptical Systems","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123577413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A concept for an active imaging system which includes a laser to scan the scene in raster fashion boresighted with a scanning receiver is under investigation. This is in effect a laser-aided forward looking infrared system which will be employed to recognize vehicular targets in inclement weather at ranges of several kilometers. The scattering properties of fog and clouds require operation at wavelengths greater than 100 µm in order that the range may not be severely limited by attenuation. The scattering properties of rain, and the need to have sufficient angular resolution consistent with a receiver diameter no greater than 1-2 m, place an upper limit to the wavelength of about 2 mm. The optical transmittance of the clear atmosphere permits operation only in a few windows between 350 µm and 1.5 mm. The range equation based upon an optical heterodyne detection system has been derived for operation in the selected windows in clear weather, fog, and rain. The properties of submillimeter lasers and detectors have been reviewed. A program is now underway at U.S. Army Missile Command to develop atmospheric attenuation and target signature information.
{"title":"System for imaging through inclement weather at submillimeter wavelengths","authors":"P. Kruse","doi":"10.1364/cleos.1976.thc7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/cleos.1976.thc7","url":null,"abstract":"A concept for an active imaging system which includes a laser to scan the scene in raster fashion boresighted with a scanning receiver is under investigation. This is in effect a laser-aided forward looking infrared system which will be employed to recognize vehicular targets in inclement weather at ranges of several kilometers. The scattering properties of fog and clouds require operation at wavelengths greater than 100 µm in order that the range may not be severely limited by attenuation. The scattering properties of rain, and the need to have sufficient angular resolution consistent with a receiver diameter no greater than 1-2 m, place an upper limit to the wavelength of about 2 mm. The optical transmittance of the clear atmosphere permits operation only in a few windows between 350 µm and 1.5 mm. The range equation based upon an optical heterodyne detection system has been derived for operation in the selected windows in clear weather, fog, and rain. The properties of submillimeter lasers and detectors have been reviewed. A program is now underway at U.S. Army Missile Command to develop atmospheric attenuation and target signature information.","PeriodicalId":301658,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Laser and Electrooptical Systems","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128768836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There have been many implementations of label reading systems over the years to handle a wide range of individual applications. Many potential users have been discouraged by the customizing costs, economic uncertainties, and lack of credible long-term service plans for such equipment. But a careful consideration of the economic justifications and the establishment of a powerful encoding standard by an organization of the end users themselves have created a strong and committed market. Specifically, the Uniform Grocery Product Code Council has established the Universal Product Code (UPC) for application to food products to permit automated checkout and inventory control in the nation’s 40,000 plus supermarkets.
{"title":"Point-of-sale scanner: designed for production","authors":"Raymond T. Hebert","doi":"10.1364/cleos.1976.tud4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/cleos.1976.tud4","url":null,"abstract":"There have been many implementations of label reading systems over the years to handle a wide range of individual applications. Many potential users have been discouraged by the customizing costs, economic uncertainties, and lack of credible long-term service plans for such equipment. But a careful consideration of the economic justifications and the establishment of a powerful encoding standard by an organization of the end users themselves have created a strong and committed market. Specifically, the Uniform Grocery Product Code Council has established the Universal Product Code (UPC) for application to food products to permit automated checkout and inventory control in the nation’s 40,000 plus supermarkets.","PeriodicalId":301658,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Laser and Electrooptical Systems","volume":"146 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128433467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In a laser heterodyne radar system it is convenient to generate the necessary optical local oscillator beam by frequency translating a sample of the transmitter beam power. Of the several means for doing this, one that stands out for simplicity, stability, and efficiency is the Bragg cell. The Bragg cell generates an output beam at frequency f0 − f a from a transmitter beam at f0. Unfortunately, it also provides some weaker outputs at h0 + f a , f0, f0 − 2f a , etc. These first two weaker outputs can interfere with the acquisition of fine Doppler information in weak returns at zero range rate and at some other range rates.
{"title":"Dual Bragg cell local oscillator generator for laser heterodyne radar systems","authors":"Cheng-Chung Huang","doi":"10.1364/cleos.1976.tuc5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/cleos.1976.tuc5","url":null,"abstract":"In a laser heterodyne radar system it is convenient to generate the necessary optical local oscillator beam by frequency translating a sample of the transmitter beam power. Of the several means for doing this, one that stands out for simplicity, stability, and efficiency is the Bragg cell. The Bragg cell generates an output beam at frequency f0 − f\u0000 a\u0000 from a transmitter beam at f0. Unfortunately, it also provides some weaker outputs at h0 + f\u0000 a\u0000 , f0, f0 − 2f\u0000 a\u0000 , etc. These first two weaker outputs can interfere with the acquisition of fine Doppler information in weak returns at zero range rate and at some other range rates.","PeriodicalId":301658,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Laser and Electrooptical Systems","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122120866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the phenomenon of laser-induced damage there are two regions of pulse duration that exhibit distinctly different damage responses. In short pulse (i.e., psec to a few tens of μsec) lasers the damage response is generally catastrophic in nature and resembles the melting, pitting, and spallation characteristic of the electric breakdown of solid dielectrics. In long pulse lasers, which here include cw and the quasi-cw situation of rep-rate lasers, damage is manifested both catastrophically in fractures and subtly in distortions that result in degraded performance. These apparently different damage responses do not imply that a different set of material and physical properties are operative in the two-time regimes but rather that the interaction time may elevate a particular property in relative importance.
{"title":"High-power laser-induced damage in optical components","authors":"J. Bettis, R. House, A. Guenther, A. Glass","doi":"10.1364/cleos.1976.wa2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/cleos.1976.wa2","url":null,"abstract":"In the phenomenon of laser-induced damage there are two regions of pulse duration that exhibit distinctly different damage responses. In short pulse (i.e., psec to a few tens of μsec) lasers the damage response is generally catastrophic in nature and resembles the melting, pitting, and spallation characteristic of the electric breakdown of solid dielectrics. In long pulse lasers, which here include cw and the quasi-cw situation of rep-rate lasers, damage is manifested both catastrophically in fractures and subtly in distortions that result in degraded performance. These apparently different damage responses do not imply that a different set of material and physical properties are operative in the two-time regimes but rather that the interaction time may elevate a particular property in relative importance.","PeriodicalId":301658,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Laser and Electrooptical Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129628623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A description of special purpose applications of the standard videodisk player including computer interfaced digital rom, x-ray, and high resolution picture/document archival storage, and talking encyclopedia will also be given.
{"title":"Special purpose applications of the Philips MCA videodisk system","authors":"G. Kenney","doi":"10.1364/cleos.1976.tua4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/cleos.1976.tua4","url":null,"abstract":"A description of special purpose applications of the standard videodisk player including computer interfaced digital rom, x-ray, and high resolution picture/document archival storage, and talking encyclopedia will also be given.","PeriodicalId":301658,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Laser and Electrooptical Systems","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128930485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
High-resolution coincidence absorption spectroscopy of formaldehyde enriched in the rare isotope oxygen-17 was performed to search for coincidences with uv ion laser transitions in the noble gases. This technique has previously proved successful in proof-of-principle laser separation of deuterium.1 The existence of a fortuitous coincidence with an ion laser would greatly simplify the proof of applicability of formaldehyde photopredissociation as a means to enrichment of oxygen-17.
{"title":"Oxygen-17 enrichment by Ne II ion laser photopredissociation of formaldehyde","authors":"J. Marling","doi":"10.1364/cleos.1976.thd7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/cleos.1976.thd7","url":null,"abstract":"High-resolution coincidence absorption spectroscopy of formaldehyde enriched in the rare isotope oxygen-17 was performed to search for coincidences with uv ion laser transitions in the noble gases. This technique has previously proved successful in proof-of-principle laser separation of deuterium.1 The existence of a fortuitous coincidence with an ion laser would greatly simplify the proof of applicability of formaldehyde photopredissociation as a means to enrichment of oxygen-17.","PeriodicalId":301658,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Laser and Electrooptical Systems","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124515069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Design principles for pulsed nitrogen lasers operating in the 100-kW-1-MW range are discussed with emphasis on manufacturing and reliability. Areas where continuing development of component parts, including high peak current switches and capacitors, appears important are discussed. Performance levels for various state-of-the-art designs are compared.
{"title":"High-power nitrogen laser engineering and manufacturing","authors":"M. Sasnett, B. Woodward","doi":"10.1364/cleos.1976.we3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/cleos.1976.we3","url":null,"abstract":"Design principles for pulsed nitrogen lasers operating in the 100-kW-1-MW range are discussed with emphasis on manufacturing and reliability. Areas where continuing development of component parts, including high peak current switches and capacitors, appears important are discussed. Performance levels for various state-of-the-art designs are compared.","PeriodicalId":301658,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Laser and Electrooptical Systems","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132299529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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