Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1364/cleos.1976.thf10
D. Greenwood
In many optical pointing and tracking systems it is not practical to beam split the incoming wavefront in order to derive a tracking signal. The tracker optics are typically placed adjacent to a larger pointing mirror or telescope. We have found that this configuration is not optimum in tracking turbulence-induced wavefront errors. Instead, the tracker should either be in the region of the pointer central obscuration or be in a thin annulus surrounding the pointer. Wherever the tracker is located, its signal should be low-pass filtered, perhaps by the servo itself. Low frequencies correspond to large-scale turbulence, and such turbulence appears the same to both the pointer and the tracker.
{"title":"Shared apertures in tracking turbulence-induced wavefront tilt errors","authors":"D. Greenwood","doi":"10.1364/cleos.1976.thf10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/cleos.1976.thf10","url":null,"abstract":"In many optical pointing and tracking systems it is not practical to beam split the incoming wavefront in order to derive a tracking signal. The tracker optics are typically placed adjacent to a larger pointing mirror or telescope. We have found that this configuration is not optimum in tracking turbulence-induced wavefront errors. Instead, the tracker should either be in the region of the pointer central obscuration or be in a thin annulus surrounding the pointer. Wherever the tracker is located, its signal should be low-pass filtered, perhaps by the servo itself. Low frequencies correspond to large-scale turbulence, and such turbulence appears the same to both the pointer and the tracker.","PeriodicalId":301658,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Laser and Electrooptical Systems","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122077025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The electron beam laser is a technology in which laser emission is generated by exciting a single crystal semiconductor cavity with a high-energy electron beam. A large number of semiconductor materials have been shown capable of producing laser emission in this way. Of significance is that these materials include several II–VI semiconducting compounds from which junction laser emission has not been observed.
{"title":"3M electron beam laser","authors":"J. R. Packard","doi":"10.1364/cleos.1976.thb7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/cleos.1976.thb7","url":null,"abstract":"The electron beam laser is a technology in which laser emission is generated by exciting a single crystal semiconductor cavity with a high-energy electron beam. A large number of semiconductor materials have been shown capable of producing laser emission in this way. Of significance is that these materials include several II–VI semiconducting compounds from which junction laser emission has not been observed.","PeriodicalId":301658,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Laser and Electrooptical Systems","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116620646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The historic trend in satellite communications has seen communication bandwidth utilization increasing 3 orders of magnitude per decade. This trend points toward common usage of gigabit per second data rates in the 1980s. Mission constraints and requirements lead to the conclusion that the most efficient means of transmitting such data from a satellite in low earth orbit to a single earth station is a laser data link through a geosynchronous relay satellite. The laser link is attractive because of its small antenna size and competitive power and weight compared to rf systems.
{"title":"Performance and growth potential of CO2 laser space communication systems","authors":"F. Goodwin, D. Henderson, T. Nussmeier, L. Stokes","doi":"10.1364/cleos.1976.thb2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/cleos.1976.thb2","url":null,"abstract":"The historic trend in satellite communications has seen communication bandwidth utilization increasing 3 orders of magnitude per decade. This trend points toward common usage of gigabit per second data rates in the 1980s. Mission constraints and requirements lead to the conclusion that the most efficient means of transmitting such data from a satellite in low earth orbit to a single earth station is a laser data link through a geosynchronous relay satellite. The laser link is attractive because of its small antenna size and competitive power and weight compared to rf systems.","PeriodicalId":301658,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Laser and Electrooptical Systems","volume":"1807 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129676502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Studies in laser-pellet fusion, x-ray generation and the development of an x-ray laser, high energy density equation of state, and the fundamental interaction of intense radiation with single particles will benefit from the availability of a multikilojoule high brightness radiation source.
{"title":"OMEGA-X: a high peak power glass laser users facility","authors":"M. Lubin, J. Soures","doi":"10.1364/cleos.1976.thd5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/cleos.1976.thd5","url":null,"abstract":"Studies in laser-pellet fusion, x-ray generation and the development of an x-ray laser, high energy density equation of state, and the fundamental interaction of intense radiation with single particles will benefit from the availability of a multikilojoule high brightness radiation source.","PeriodicalId":301658,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Laser and Electrooptical Systems","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134441764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many different configurations, both cw and pulsed, have been reported for a 496-μm CH3F laser optically pumped with a CO2 laser; however, none as yet has both the high efficiency and good beam quality required for plasma diagnostics applications.1-4 Simple superradiant geometries using multimode TEA CO2 lasers have produced peak powers > 1 MW, but in pulses with subnanosecond structure.2 Complicated cavity geometries have yielded smooth pulses but only at lower powers, and both methods have a photon conversion efficiency (number of 496-μm quanta/number of CO2 quanta absorbed) of only ~5%.
{"title":"Efficient high-power CH3F 496-μm laser systems","authors":"T. Plant, T. Detemple","doi":"10.1364/cleos.1976.we4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/cleos.1976.we4","url":null,"abstract":"Many different configurations, both cw and pulsed, have been reported for a 496-μm CH3F laser optically pumped with a CO2 laser; however, none as yet has both the high efficiency and good beam quality required for plasma diagnostics applications.1-4 Simple superradiant geometries using multimode TEA CO2 lasers have produced peak powers > 1 MW, but in pulses with subnanosecond structure.2 Complicated cavity geometries have yielded smooth pulses but only at lower powers, and both methods have a photon conversion efficiency (number of 496-μm quanta/number of CO2 quanta absorbed) of only ~5%.","PeriodicalId":301658,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Laser and Electrooptical Systems","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131259039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A high-resolution radiation pyrometer, designed at the NASA Lewis Research Center, was tested on an operating turbine engine. This pyrometer was used to obtain temperature profiles of the viewed surface of several turbine blades at blade tip speeds up to 366 m/sec (1200 fps).
{"title":"Infrared pyrometer for high-resolution surface temperature measurements on rotating turbine blades","authors":"O. W. Uguccini","doi":"10.1364/cleos.1976.wc8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/cleos.1976.wc8","url":null,"abstract":"A high-resolution radiation pyrometer, designed at the NASA Lewis Research Center, was tested on an operating turbine engine. This pyrometer was used to obtain temperature profiles of the viewed surface of several turbine blades at blade tip speeds up to 366 m/sec (1200 fps).","PeriodicalId":301658,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Laser and Electrooptical Systems","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132550790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The availability of Stark tunable molecular absorption lines coincident with CO2 laser transitions has led to several applications in laser communications. Three applications are described here: (1) frequency stabilization of a CO2 laser; (2) a technique for direct demodulation of an optical FM signal; and (3) a method for producing single sideband ir modulation at microwave frequencies.
{"title":"Applications of Stark cells to CO2 laser communication","authors":"R. Abrams, C. Asawa, T. Plant, G. Tangonan","doi":"10.1364/cleos.1976.thb5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/cleos.1976.thb5","url":null,"abstract":"The availability of Stark tunable molecular absorption lines coincident with CO2 laser transitions has led to several applications in laser communications. Three applications are described here: (1) frequency stabilization of a CO2 laser; (2) a technique for direct demodulation of an optical FM signal; and (3) a method for producing single sideband ir modulation at microwave frequencies.","PeriodicalId":301658,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Laser and Electrooptical Systems","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114970150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The concept of the holographic deflector has been described previously.1 This paper, in addition to reviewing the principles, describes the development of a prototype device and its performance characteristics.
全息偏转器的概念已经在前面描述过了本文除了综述其原理外，还介绍了原型装置的研制及其性能特点。
{"title":"Performance characteristics of a holographic laser beam deflector","authors":"R. Pole, H. Werlich","doi":"10.1364/cleos.1976.wd7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/cleos.1976.wd7","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of the holographic deflector has been described previously.1 This paper, in addition to reviewing the principles, describes the development of a prototype device and its performance characteristics.","PeriodicalId":301658,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Laser and Electrooptical Systems","volume":"409 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116333960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper describes the design and engineering of an automatic inspection system for detecting minute flaws during the manufacture of precision roller bearings used in aircraft. The various types of flaws to be detected are scratches, pits, voids in seams, rust, and other surface flaws whose sizes are usually in the order of 25 μm. Visual inspection is impractical and subject to human errors.
{"title":"Laser scanning system for roller bearing quality assurance","authors":"C. K. Cheng","doi":"10.1364/cleos.1976.wh3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/cleos.1976.wh3","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the design and engineering of an automatic inspection system for detecting minute flaws during the manufacture of precision roller bearings used in aircraft. The various types of flaws to be detected are scratches, pits, voids in seams, rust, and other surface flaws whose sizes are usually in the order of 25 μm. Visual inspection is impractical and subject to human errors.","PeriodicalId":301658,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Laser and Electrooptical Systems","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133737191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Large telescopes in space offer a great advantage to astronomers because their performance is not limited by the atmosphere. The space environment provides a further advantage in that it is free of gravity, but the thermal environment is a distinct disadvantage with respect to the performance of large optics. Weight in a large space system is always a major design problem. With these considerations in mind there has been increasing consideration of large mirrors of light weight, but this results in considerable flexibility. This paper reviews the progress toward systems in which the errors of figure of the mirror in space are measured and corrections made to perfect the figure by the application of controlled mechanical stresses. Several laboratory systems to demonstrate the principles and the design of a system for the Large Space Telescope are described. Some directions for future development are indicated.
{"title":"Application of adaptive optical techniques to figure control of large telescopes","authors":"R. M. Scott","doi":"10.1364/cleos.1976.thf1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/cleos.1976.thf1","url":null,"abstract":"Large telescopes in space offer a great advantage to astronomers because their performance is not limited by the atmosphere. The space environment provides a further advantage in that it is free of gravity, but the thermal environment is a distinct disadvantage with respect to the performance of large optics. Weight in a large space system is always a major design problem. With these considerations in mind there has been increasing consideration of large mirrors of light weight, but this results in considerable flexibility. This paper reviews the progress toward systems in which the errors of figure of the mirror in space are measured and corrections made to perfect the figure by the application of controlled mechanical stresses. Several laboratory systems to demonstrate the principles and the design of a system for the Large Space Telescope are described. Some directions for future development are indicated.","PeriodicalId":301658,"journal":{"name":"Conference on Laser and Electrooptical Systems","volume":"276 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133043024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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